trait
1. Characteristic education
2. Strong irony
3. The fiction of this story
4. The language is refined and expressive.
5. Generally, it is short in length and compact in structure.
6. Commonly used techniques are: metaphor, exaggeration, symbol, etc.
Meaning: Implicit language. A genre of literary works. Often with the nature of irony or exhortation, a truth or lesson is explained by false stories or personification. "Accommodation" means "sustenance". Reveal profound truth.
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China's fable
Fable is a genre of literary works, in which the story of metaphor contains profound truth and enlightens people. Fables have been popular in China since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is a folk oral creation. In hundred schools of thought's works in the pre-Qin period, fables were often used to explain the truth, and many excellent fables that were popular at that time were retained, such as: death, angry chickens, encouraging seedlings, contradictions, buying shoes for Zheng people, waiting for rabbits, carving boats as swords, gilding the lily and so on. After the Han and Wei Dynasties, some writers often used fables to satirize reality in their creation. Liu Zongyuan wrote prose with fables in Tang Dynasty. In "Three Commandments", he used the stories of three animals, such as elk, donkey and mouse, to satirize those who are arrogant, blind and complacent by keeping pets, and achieved profound results. Modern writers in China also create fables, especially children's literature.
China's folk fables are extremely rich and generally short. In addition to the Han nationality, there are fables of ethnic minorities. Most of the fables created by people of all ethnic groups take animals as the protagonists, and use the activities and relationships of animals to throw in a lesson or metaphor to achieve the purpose of fable. It reflects the healthy and simple thoughts of the working people and shines with the infinite wisdom and noble morality of the people.
China's ancient fables have a long history and were formed in the pre-Qin period. It has gone through five stages: the fable of reasoning in pre-Qin, the fable of exhortation in Han Dynasty, the satirical fable in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the satirical fable in Tang and Song Dynasties and the humorous fable in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Comparison of fables
Similarities and differences between fairy tales and fables i.
Fairy tales and fables have many similarities: their stories are false, creative and fantastic, and all kinds of living or non-living things can be used as the characters of stories, and most of them are exaggerated, anthropomorphic and symbolic, which is also full of educational significance.
Second, differences.
1. Length dimension
Fairy tales are richer and more diverse, more vivid and interesting, and more complicated in structure than fables, so they are longer, tens of thousands of words long and one or two thousand words short. However, fables are generally short in length, simple in structure, simple in language and light in fantasy.
2. Writing objects
Fairy tales have twists and turns in structure, which can depict characters in detail. Fantasies are richer and more exotic than fables. Fairy tales are an important type of children's literature. The content and life they describe take care of children's knowledge and psychological characteristics, and the language they use is easy for children to accept. Although fable is also an important genre of children's literature, it is not a unique style of children's literature. The object of fairy tales is children, but the object of fables is not limited to children, and many of them are borrowed by adults.
Pay attention to performance
Fables focus on irony and lessons, and on ideas. Some fables directly tell the meaning of warning at the beginning or end. Fairy tales, on the other hand, focus on portraying images, and the significance of lessons is not so strong. The significance of education often lies in the whole story, not directly pointed out. Scientific fairy tales pay attention to the dissemination of knowledge.
4. District structure
Fable stories are relatively simple, generally there is no complete story, and it is not required to create a personification image with distinctive personality. Fairy tales have higher requirements in the arrangement of story plots and the shaping of characters.
5. Fantasy rule
The fantasy of fairy tales must be based on real life, and the combination with reality must be harmonious and natural, so that things can develop according to the laws of nature. The fable is not so strict. For example, the fox in The Fox and the Grapes covets grapes and changes his original habit of eating meat. This fable endows the fox with "human" nature, but violates the fox's "material" nature, which is not allowed in fairy tales.
The difference between idiom stories and fables. Idiom stories are mostly historical allusions and what happened. Then people use an idiom to summarize and condense these things into a short sentence or phrase, so as to express the whole story and the content of the story, which does not necessarily have positive significance in function. For example, "A Hundred Steps Through Yang" and "Falling Fish and Wild Goose" only have the function of description and description, and do not need to inspire people.
Fable stories are based on facts or fabricated stories to tell people a truth and inspire people. Moreover, most fables are made up to tell a truth and have no real basis.
When compiling idiom stories, people sometimes incorporate fables, and history itself has many reasons to think about. So many idioms can bring some truth to people.
To put it bluntly, idioms are naturally suitable for the classification of fables, mainly for the purpose of telling stories. The purpose of idiom stories is to supplement the inadequately expressed content of idioms and make them easier to understand. The purpose of fable is to tell the truth. There is no contradiction between the two, but the classification is different. Many idiom stories are fables in themselves, but we can't say that idiom stories are fables.
For example, in a class, some people like music, some people like sports, and some people like both music and sports. Then those who like music are idiom stories, and those who like sports are fables.
Fable stories are characterized by vivid images and vivid characters, which come from life and are higher than life. A literary genre. A story with moral or obvious moral significance. Its structure is very short. Heroes can be people, animals or inanimate objects. Use metaphors to reflect educational themes or profound truths in simple stories.
Idiom stories must be educational stories centered on an idiom. They are similar to fables. Idiom is a special language phenomenon, which is the essence of language extracted by people in the process of practice. The pragmatic characteristics of idioms are: concise, rich in connotation, harmonious in phonology and profound in meaning.
The difference between ancient fables and western fables is to read first, then comment, and then extract.
Feel the wisdom of life and the charm of imagination.
-Thoughts on Reading Aesop's Fables
Fable is a magic bag. The bag is small, but you can take a lot of things out of it, even things much bigger than the bag. Fable is a unique bridge through which we can move from complexity to simplicity and from simplicity to richness. Walking back and forth on this bridge several times, we not only saw colorful life phenomena, but also discovered the inner meaning of life. The beauty of fable lies in conciseness, connotation and sentence.
Aesop's Fables is known as the originator of western fables, and its appearance laid the foundation for fables as a literary genre. For more than two thousand years, Aesop's Fables has had a far-reaching and extensive influence in the history of European literature development, and has repeatedly become the blueprint for later fable creation. For example, La Fontaine's The Race between the Tortoise and the Rabbit and krylov's The Fox and the Grape all adopted the theme in Aesop's Fables directly and made artistic processing.
Aesop's Fables is the oldest collection of fables in the world, with short length and informal form. Simple stories often shine with the light of wisdom, and generate shines with the spark of wisdom, which contains profound implications. It is not only an enlightenment textbook to instill the concept of good, evil, beauty and ugliness in children, but also a life textbook, which has a great influence on future generations. In the history of European literature, it laid the foundation for fable creation. Aesop's Fables is often quoted by literary works and even political works all over the world, either as a metaphor for reasoning or as a weapon of attack and satire. The essence of this book still has positive practical significance.
Aesop's fables are worth reading. It gives us at least three kinds of comfort. First, this is an ancient book. Reading it can enhance our pride in modern civilization. Second, this is a children's book. The more you read it, the more you feel like an adult, which goes beyond those childish opinions. Third, this book is almost all about animals, from animals to people, you see how much it will evolve!
-Qian Zhongshu, a famous scholar
How to write fables
1. By understanding the meaning of fables, get familiar with fables and prepare for writing.
What is a fable? Modern Chinese Dictionary explains "fable" in this way: literary works that illustrate a certain truth or lesson with false stories or anthropomorphic natural objects are often ironic or admonitory.
In fact, there are many idiom stories in our Chinese textbooks, such as: contradiction, stealing clocks, pulling out seedlings to help others, making up for death and so on. The stories of these favorite idioms are short, but they contain profound truth. This is the fable.
The hero of a fable can be a person, an animal or a plant. Fables often use metonymy to reveal educational themes or profound truths in highly concise stories.
2. How to write a fable?
First of all, there must be a popular and simple story. A wonderful story is the beginning of the success of fable, which is short in length and aims at telling things and reasoning. The ultimate goal of reasoning is achieved by telling stories, and the quality of story setting is related to the future of fables. The famous poem "The Farmer and the Snake" in Aesop's fables in ancient Greece enjoys a high reputation in the world. His success lies in the readability of the story. No matter what your educational level is, you can realize the truth in simple and clear stories. The same is true of China's famous fable On Contradictions. The word contradiction in Chinese evolved directly from this fable, from which we can see how important the story charm of the fable is.
Without interesting stories, truth has no place. Students can use rich imagination, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and other rhetorical devices to make everything in nature active, so as to come to your story and tell a story full of some philosophy. But everything must conform to the laws of nature and cannot go against common sense. Stories should be short, interesting, fresh and lively in order to attract people and benefit readers from laughter.
Secondly, simple truth is an indispensable part of fable. What truth it contains depends not only on the author's theme, but also on the development of the story.
The moral of fable story is the soul of fable creation, just as human beings must have thinking. Implication is an invisible line in fable creation. In many cases, this line is not directly reflected in the text. However, the meaning of a good fable will gradually become clear with the reader's reading process. This is the charm of allegorical independence as a literary genre. For example, Dong, an ancient prose, is very representative, and its implication is not directly reflected in the text, but most readers who have read it have realized the effect of Dong and shattered glass. And our children can write fables and tell some simple life truths in combination with their own life reality. For example, we should educate everyone to respect the old and love the young, love labor and not tell lies. We can also tell you some common sense of life through fables, and teach you to abide by traffic laws and regulations and use water and electricity correctly.
It is not easy for children to write philosophical fables because of their lack of life experience. However, fables must have certain authenticity, practical significance or education.