Liu Yong (? -about 1053), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, was originally named Sanbian, whose word was Jingzhuang, and later renamed Yong, whose word was Yi Qing, ranking seventh. He was born in Chong 'an (now Fujian). In the first year of Jing Yao (1034), he was a scholar, an official and foreign minister. He is known as Liu Qi and Liu Tuntian in the world. He is particularly good at expressing feelings of imprisonment and slavery. He wrote many slow words, which were detailed in description, mixed with scenes, popular in language and harmonious in melody, and spread widely at that time, which had a certain influence on the development of Song Ci. Ling, Klang Ganzhou and Wang are all famous, but there are also many decadent ideas and low tastes in his works. There are only a few poems left, Boiling Haiqu.
Zhang Hui-style novel is the main form of China's classical novel, which is developed from the "storytelling" in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. "Telling history" refers to storytellers telling stories about the rise and fall of dynasties and wars. Generally speaking, the story is very long, and the artist must finish it several times. Every time you tell it, it is equal to telling it once in Zhang Huiti's novels. Before each lecture, the artist should use the topic to reveal the main content to the audience, which is the origin of Zhang Hui's novels. The two words "saying" and "reading official" that often appear in Zhang Hui's novels can clearly see the inheritance relationship between them and the script.
After a long period of brewing, the first batch of chapter novels appeared in the early Ming Dynasty, among which the popular novels Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin are the most famous. These novels have been circulated among the people for a long time, supplemented by speakers and gradually enriched, and finally rewritten by writers. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, Zhang Hui-style novels developed more maturely, and famous works such as The Journey to the West, The West Chamber and Jin Ping Mei appeared. Due to the increasingly rich social life, the story lines of these chapter-by-chapter novels are more complex and delicate, and they have little connection with historical narration in content, but they still retain traces of historical narration in genre. This is why there are still words like "reading officials" and "talking" in A Dream of Red Mansions written by the Qing Dynasty.
Chu Ci is a poem written by Chu people represented by Qu Yuan during the Warring States Period. It is a new poem after 300 articles in The Book of Songs. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang sorted out ancient books and edited the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book, named Chu Ci. Since then, "Songs of the South" has become the name of a collection. As for the later generations called it "Sao" represented by Li Sao, it is the same as the later generations called the Book of Songs "Feng". Although it is not worthy of the name, it is intended to distinguish between Chu Ci and Han Fu.
Yuefu began in the Qin Dynasty!
According to Records of Rites and Music in the History of Han Dynasty, when Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was in power, he set up an organization to collect local ballads, arrange and make music scores, which was called Yuefu. Later, people called the poems collected and created by this institution Yuefu Poetry, or simply Yuefu Poetry. By the Tang Dynasty, although the scores of these poems had long been lost, this form followed, becoming a poetic genre with no strict meter and close to five-character and seven-character ancient poems.
Fiction in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
The Fiction of China Literati's Fiction. Lu Xun first used this name in A Brief History of China's Novels, referring to works in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, such as The Legend of Sanzang in the Tang Dynasty and The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Song Dynasty. Lu Xun thinks that they are an intermediate form from script to later literati novels. After the founding of New China, some academic works called the vernacular short stories created by literati in the late Ming Dynasty by imitating scripts as parody, that is, Lu Xun said that "novels imitate Song people", such as some works in Sanyan (Yu Shiming, Shi Jing Tong Yan, Xing Yan), Erpai, Shi Nod and drunken poems. This shows that the meaning of parody has changed.
The literary innovation movement in the Tang and Song Dynasties mainly focused on reviving Confucianism, which took the form of opposing parallel prose and advocating ancient prose.
The so-called "ancient prose" is for parallel prose. Prose in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties is characterized by simplicity and freedom, with simple lines and no format restrictions, which is conducive to reflecting real life and expressing ideas. Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, parallel prose has prevailed in the literary world, which appears in the forms of duality, rhythm, allusion and rhetoric, which is flashy and not suitable for use. In the Western Wei Dynasty, Su Chu once imitated Shangshu as a big manuscript and advocated reforming the style of ancient prose in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but it didn't work. Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty issued a letter forbidding "expressing feelings by writing", and Li Huan wrote to ask Ge Wenhua to do so, but none of them reversed the trend. In the early Tang Dynasty, parallel prose still dominated. Emperor Taizong was still flashy about writing. Liu Zhiji, a historian, once put forward the view that "words must be close to the truth" and "no color carving" in Shi Tong. Wang Bo proposed to reform the shortcomings of writing, but his works still use parallel prose; Chen Ziang also unveiled the flag of retro. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Xiao, Li Hua, Jie Yuan, Du Fu, Liang Su and Liu Mian successively put forward the idea of "learning from the scriptures" and became pioneers of the ancient prose movement with prose. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan further put forward a complete set of ancient prose theories and wrote a considerable number of excellent ancient prose works. At that time, a group of students or followers responded enthusiastically, and finally formed a powerful ancient prose movement in the literary world, pushing the development of prose to a new stage.
Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are the representatives of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. They advocate ancient prose in order to carry forward the ancient road and revive Confucianism.
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