First of all, against your will
Mencius said, "Poets don't harm words with words, and they don't harm their ambitions with words. This is against your will. " (On Mencius Zhang Wan) That is to say, when we appreciate poetry, we can't understand words by superficial meaning, let alone by individual words. We should interpret them as a whole, understand the main idea of the work from the simple to the deep, and guess the author's original intention with our own personal experience.
0 1. We should correctly explain the meanings of common words in classical poetry.
Every dynasty has its own cultural customs. What everyone is most familiar with is that Qin Shihuang unified writing and currency. This shows that different dynasties, even the same dynasty, have different cultures and customs. Therefore, the words left by predecessors have historical accumulation, specific connotation and specific attributes, which affect the emotional tone.
For example, "west wind" refers to autumn, which generally represents depression and desolation. "Liu" means to fold the willow to bid farewell. "The second string" means concubinage. Lonely City is often related to the homesickness of foot soldiers in the border area.
For example, in the Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji wrote "Jade Case Yuan Xi". Some people interpreted it according to their own interpretation, and then said the last three sentences, "Many people looked for him thousands of times, and suddenly looked back, and the man was in the dim light", because the author hoped that the court could reuse him, and he ran aground at that time. Personally, I think this explanation is a bit far-fetched
Let's look at the common images in this word. Fireworks, wahoo, BMW, carved cars, Xiao Feng, fish lanterns, dragon lanterns, moths, snow willows, golden wisps and so on. They are all articles about the Lantern Festival and women's decorations. Obviously, they are about the prosperity of the Lantern Festival, although these are all for the last three sentences.
02. Rich life experiences and experiences help to appreciate classical poetry.
When I was young, I thought it was really difficult to study, but after my debut, I experienced many vicissitudes and was troubled by many diseases. I finally understood Xin Qiji's words, "Now I know all my worries, and I want to say it, but I want to say it's a cool autumn!"
And Jiang Jie's Young Beauty Listening to the Rain. "In its prime, listening to the rain in the boat, the river is wide and the clouds are low, and the wild goose is called the west wind. Now listening to the rain monk Lu, there are stars on his temples. Sorrow and joy are always ruthless, before the next step, until dawn. " When I was young, I couldn't read the bitterness, desolation and sadness between the lines. Now I understand, because I am already a member of the play, and I feel that the author is tailor-made for me.
We should be good at integrating our own life experiences and feelings into the appreciation process, and sometimes it will go beyond the original intention of the poet's creation and give birth to new meanings. Poems such as "all loves can't be caged, but an apricot comes out of the wall" (Ye Shaoweng's "Garden is worthless"), "There are fewer willows blowing on the branches, and there are more grass in the end of the world" (Su Shi's "Liang Zhu Chun Se"), and "Spring silkworms die, and candles weep every night" (Li Shangyin's "Untitled") have all been endowed with new meanings by future generations. Therefore, reading the trip to Wan Li Road in thousands of books can enrich our life experience and help us to interpret poetry.
Second, meet people and discuss the world.
A person, who is not alone in the world, is closely related to his time and living environment. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly and comprehensively understand the living environment and dynasty of the author. Only in this way can we appreciate his poems better. That is, the appreciation method of "knowing people and discussing the world" (Mencius Zhang Wan).
0 1. Only by making good use of the historical biography materials and comments of later generations can we better grasp the author's mental journey and spiritual world.
For example, when we read Su Shi's Nian Nujiao Chi Bi Nostalgia, we should not only understand Zhou Yu's talent and achievements in his works, but also deeply explore Su Shi's life experience, political ideal and the author's mood when writing this word, so as to fully understand his intention of writing this word.
Similarly, for Wang Wei's landscape poems, we should not only read the relevant historical materials, but also know that he was in the dark period before the political situation was changeable and the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and we should also learn about other things about him with the help of the accounts of his contemporaries. Only in this way can we understand why the poet should fast and recite Buddha, so as to grasp the poet's soul!
The author's thoughts are not static, and the works written in different periods and places will have different styles and emotional tone. Therefore, it is very important to find out the specific creation time of the work.
For example, Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains" was written in A.D. 1 127. At that time, Jin Bing invaded the Central Plains and took away Emperor Hui and Qin, and Zhao and Song were forced to flee south. When Li Qingzhao crossed the Wujiang River in the south, she wrote this poem out of her tragic feelings for Xiang Yu. She writes with great pride, which is quite different from her early work "Drunk, I don't know the way back" ... setting off a beach of seagulls and herons ". Her early works have fresh and natural language, distant artistic conception and relaxed emotional tone.