Problem description:
I have been looking for these two articles for a long time, but I can't find them.
Analysis:
Li Bai has a wild youth. In his youth, he was bathed in the breath of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, heroic, optimistic and high-spirited. He hopes to make achievements in politics, make contributions in time and realize his great ambition in life. Later, he lived in Chang 'an, a hard-won city, with a glorious history and painful memories. Finally, he was forced to leave the bustling imperial city and go to the people, which made him recognize the upper ruling class and wrote immortal poems. I spent my unfortunate old age wandering down and out, and passed away with deep resentment and outstanding poems that have been immortal.
As far as personality is concerned, Li Bai is a person who loves freedom, indulges in Ren Xia, respects nature and despises powerful people. His thoughts are very complicated, and Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, immortals and chivalrous men have all influenced him. He is also an extremely conceited person, and he is extremely confident in his talents, which makes his poems full of heroic, easy-going and bold features.
He used many poems, the most distinctive of which are ancient poems, verses and quatrains. Although Li Bai's Yuefu used ancient themes, he had a strong sense of innovation. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, writing current events through ancient inscriptions has a distinct spirit of the times, such as Ding Du Hugh and Turn Back; The second is to express one's feelings with ancient themes, such as Difficult Road to Shu, Difficult Travel, Farewell and Entering Wine. This kind of poem integrates his strong subjective feelings and emotions into the poem, which is full of personal characteristics. In addition to the ancient theme Yuefu, Li Bai's writing can best reflect its characteristics. Gexing, or Seven-character Gexing, is an important style of Tang poetry. It rose in the early Tang Dynasty and flourished in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Liang Qian, a scholar in A Qing, said in the book "Tang Shen Yin Ti": "Although the song was written in Yuefu, it was written to praise things. Anyone who uses seven words and long and short sentences without ancient questions is generally called qu. " China's Principles of Poetry, written by Japanese poet Yujiu Matsuura, defines the lines of the song as follows: First, the title of the poem summarizes the characteristics of the song. Li Bai's ballads are both narrative and lyrical, pushing the creation of lyric poetry to a new height.
It is characterized by strong feelings, anger, vertical strokes and hearty, which fully embodies the personality of Li Bai's poems. The most representative ones are Tai Song from Send Dan, Lu Xu from Lushan Mountain, Wang Huyin, Song of Accompanying to the Building, etc. The second genre of Li Bai's poems is quatrains. If Yuefu songs, especially songs, reflect the bold and elegant side of Li Bai's poems, then Li Bai's quatrains enjoy a high reputation in the poetry circle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In terms of quantity, there are 159 quatrains (79 quatrains and 80 quatrains) in his poetry collection * *, which is also well received in terms of achievements. Hu Yinglin said, "Taibai's five or seven words are absolutely unique, every word is sacred, and the article is sacred." Compare his five unique words with Wang Wei's: "Five unique words are in two aspects: the mystery of rubbings and the transcendence of Taibai." His Seven Words and Wang Changling's Comments on Jiao Hong's Poems in the Ming Dynasty said: "Long Biao and Longxi are the masters of the Seven Wonders, which are enough to be called couplets." Wang Shizhen's "Yan Shu in the Art Garden" said: "Wang Shaobo and Taibai, the seven-character quatrains, are both gods." Ye Xie's Original Poem in Qing Dynasty said: "Seven-character quatrains pushed Li Bai and Wang Changling from ancient times to modern times." Lu Shi's On the Jade in the Purple Room: "Born too white, Wang Changling sits on the throne of the master's quatrains. Never mind that there were two people in the Tang Dynasty for 300 years, and no one took advantage. "
Most of Li Bai's quatrains are fresh and natural, but they are rich in implication and endless in feelings. Some of its styles are beautiful and quiet, some are free and easy, and some are elegant and hearty. In any case, most of them can be organized and have distinct personalities.
Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin was a poet who suffered greatly and his life experience was extremely bleak. The struggle between Niu and Li for life makes me very depressed. When he was nine years old, his father Li Si died, and his family was extremely difficult. He studies with his uncle at home. At the age of twenty-five, he was already a scholar, but since then he has fallen into a dispute between the two parties. He spent most of his life as a clerk and died of depression at the age of 46. The relationship between Li Shangyin and Niu Li's partisanship began with Ling Huchu's appreciation of him. /kloc-around 0/6: 00, Li Shangyin was admired by Linghu Chu for his talent. He once said that "Fan Nansheng 16 years old wrote" Theory of Talents "and" Theory of Sacredness "and published them in ancient Chinese, which attracted the attention of Ling Huchu. Ling Huchu is one of the top figures of the Niu Party. He appreciated Li Shangyin's talent, led him into his own shogunate (Ling Huchu was our ambassador Tian Pingjun, and he was in Dongping, Shandong Province now), and actually treated him like a son. Since all the official documents were written in parallel prose, Linghu Chubian personally instructed Li Shangyin and his son Linghu Mao to learn parallel prose. Li Shangyin's parallel prose is well written, which can't be separated from Ling Huchu's advice. In the second year of Tang Wenzong (837), Li Shangyin was twenty-five years old and went to Beijing for his post. This year, the examiner was Gao Armor, and Hu Ling Mao stayed to fill the vacancy. Thanks to the recommendation of Ling Humao, he was able to take up the post. In other words, Li Shangyin is a member of the Niu Party because of the kindness of Ling Huchu and his son. However, in the second year of the entrance examination, Ling Huchu died, and Li Shangyin's livelihood became a problem. At this time, Wang Maoyuan, who served as our time in Jingyuan, hired Li Shangyin as his chief of staff. Wang Maoyuan has a beautiful and talented little daughter. Wang Maoyuan intended to marry her, so Li Shangyin entered the shogunate of Wang Maoyuan. Because Wang Maoyuan is regarded as an upper-class figure in the Li Party, Li Shangyin is regarded as "carrying a cow" and cannot be forgiven by the Niu Party. Since then, the Niu Party has been in power for a long time, and Li Shangyin suffered greatly. Hu Ling Mao used to be his good friend, but he never forgave him. Hu Ling Mao later became a big official and a prime minister, but once he was excluded and hit, Li Shangyin was reduced to an unhappy life and died, all of which were related to this.
Among ancient poets, Li Shangyin's poems are famous, but at the same time his reputation was not very good in the past. Critics of feudal society regarded him as a person who could not write, and called him "treacherous and frivolous, ungrateful" and so on. After liberation, the evaluation of Li Shangyin was not high, and he was considered as the representative of "* * *" and "aestheticism" poets. After the new period, with the liberation of academic thought, the evaluation of Li Shangyin is more objective and fair. The research on his poems has also been deepened. In this respect, Mr. Fu Xuancong, Mr. Zhou Jianguo, Mr. Liu Xueyan and Mr. Yu Shucheng have all made great contributions. In fact, Li Shangyin is a poet with a sense of justice, a high degree of political enthusiasm, a keen insight into state affairs and a bold and sharp criticism of political reality. In his early years, he wrote a poem called Ding 'an Tieta, in which he wrote, "I always remember the dust in the Jianghu and want to go back to heaven and earth to get into a boat", which shows that he is a poet with great ambitions. In addition, his poems such as Crying for Liu Kuang all show his political integrity. He opposed the separatist regime in the buffer region and paid attention to social reality. He also satirizes the present in the form of poetry, criticizes reality, and so on. All these show that Li Shangyin is an ideal and ambitious poet in politics and an upright and knowledgeable poet in personality.
3. About Li Shangyin's works. There are more than 600 poems by Li Shangyin, including Poems of Yu Xisheng, which is called Fan Nan Wen Ji. His poetry and prose have achieved great success, but the influence of poetry is the greatest. His more than 600 poems have a wide range of contents, which can be roughly divided into the following categories.
First, political poems reflecting social reality. His representative works include "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" and so on, and he is known as the successor of Du Fu's Northern Expedition. In addition, two poems, such as Feeling and Re-feeling, can express his views and attitudes towards real politics.
The second is to chant epic poems. Li Shangyin's epic poems are numerous and precise, mostly revealing and satirizing the contradiction between the arrogance and fatuity of the supreme ruler and the feudal ruling class through history. Such as Longchi, Yaochi, Yong Shi, Ma Wei, Qigong Ci, Sui Palace, etc.
The third is the work of reciting things. Such as The Crow and Cicada.
The fourth is untitled poetry. This is the most creative, artistically perfect and influential category in Li Shangyin's poems. This kind of poetry is implicit and poetic, attracting the interest of countless readers and researchers. Generally speaking, some untitled poems may have political sustenance, and some may write about their own love. Why did Li Shangyin write untitled poems? Probably because he's hiding something. China's ancient poetry had no title in the era of The Book of Songs, which was the product of impersonalization of poetry creation. Since Qu and Song Dynasties, literati's creation has mushroomed, and poetry has a title, which has become an inseparable part of poetry content. But Li Shangyin began to write untitled poems again, which can be said to be one of his creations.
4. On the artistic features of Li Shangyin's poems. His predecessors rated him as "affectionate", "rich in meaning", "deep in sustenance, gentle in wording", profound and gorgeous, and so on. Generally speaking, his poems have the characteristics of careful conception, profound sustenance, beautiful language, accurate allusions and rigorous meter. Specifically, his poems have the following characteristics.
One is subjective tendency. He always entrusts his soul to the scenery, things or historical figures he sings, making the object have a strong symbolic color, blending with the author to a great extent, and even becoming the embodiment of the author.
Secondly, his poems show a strong sentimental tendency, which can be said that the sentimental tone is the main theme running through his poems.
The third is to make good use of allusions, accurate antithesis and beautiful language. The use of allusions can enrich the connotation of poetry, make the connotation of poetry richer and more intriguing, and deepen the theme of poetry. Li Shangyin's allusions are outstanding and accurate. The formation of the characteristics of his poems, such as "profundity and splendor" and "profundity and color", is related to this. But his allusions are too many, which sometimes leads to poetic obscurity. Therefore, Yuan Haowen, a gold man, once lamented, "The king's emperor is in love with cuckoos, and the beauty Jin Se complains about the years. Poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng. " This is the case.