First, easy
At present, there are nine kinds of bamboo and silk books related to Yi:
1. Zhouyi, a bamboo book of the Warring States Period, is collected in Shanghai Museum.
2. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Cultural Relics Collection Chu Bamboo Slips Zhouyi
Zhouyi, a bamboo book of the Warring States Period collected in Shanghai Museum, is the earliest and best preserved text. * * * A total of 58 letters, 1800 words, involving 34 hexagrams. The original version has no title, and the word "Zhouyi" is determined by the organizer according to the contents of the bamboo book. It is worth noting that a remnant of Zhouyi collected by the Chinese University of Hong Kong can also be combined. Thus, the collection of bamboo slips in Shang Bo is closely related to the collection of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. According to the organizer, the discovery of these bamboo slips in Shanghai is of great significance to solving the so-called "96" dispute in the study of Yi ology. A comparative study of Zhouyi, a bamboo book in Shanghai, a classic biography of Zhouyi in Mawangdui silk book, Zhouyi in Fuyang Han bamboo slips and even Guizang in Wangjiatai Qin bamboo slips will help us have a more accurate and in-depth understanding of hexagrams.
3. Mawangdui Silk Book Zhouyi
The divinatory order of the silk book Zhouyi written by Mawangdui is quite different from the handed down version. Handed down from generation to generation, the upper classics and the lower classics, the upper classics and the thirty hexagrams, began with doing and finally stayed; After thirty-four hexagrams, it began with Yuxian and finally failed. Silk books go hand in hand, starting from the dry branch and finally benefiting. Its arrangement method is completely different from the Book of Songs of Han Dynasty, and it has been handed down from generation to generation. Some people think it is primitive, while others think it is a copy of another system. Mr. Li Xueqin thinks: "At least the following points can be seen from the divinatory order of silk: First, the silk book Zhouyi."
The classics and biographies of The Book of Songs are closely related to each other. Secondly, the divination sequence of silk script already contains the concept of taking pictures through gossip; Third, silk.
The book's divination sequence completely runs through the concept of alternating opposites of Yin and Yang. He also pointed out that the divination sequence in silk books contains the philosophy of Yin and Yang,
In reflecting the law of Yin and Yang, the silk version is obviously superior to the handed down version. However, "the silk book appeared later than the current version."
It is a different book that rearranges the hexagrams according to the theory of Yin and Yang. Cohesion is an early ancient book, not too late.
In the mid-Warring States period, as for the silk book Zhouyi, its overall formation was very late, perhaps after the death of Qin, and it should be Chu.
The finishing results of yi school. 2
4. Mawangdui silk book "Ersanwen" from top to bottom.
The silk book "Saint Wen Zi" originally had no title, and "Saint Wen Zi" was drafted by Mr. Zhang Zheng according to the first sentence in the book. In the form of question and answer, he explained some divinatory words such as Gan, Kun, Ding and Jin, which was quite Confucian philosophy. Obviously, it is a lost article in the Confucian Book of Changes.
5. Mawangdui silk book "Cohesion"
Five silk books, Cohesion, Yizhiyi, Yao Yao, Miuhe and Zhao Li, are all copied on the same silk book. Cohesion begins in the first chapter of the first part of this edition and ends in the last chapter of the next part of this edition. But there is no chapter 8 of this edition and the parts of chapters 5, 6, 8 and 7 of this edition. Mr. Li Xueqin thinks: "Cohesion is an early ancient book, and its age will not be later than the mid-Warring States period. three
6. Mawangdui silk book is easy to know.
7. Mawangdui Silk Book Yao
8. Mawangdui Silk Book "Miu River"
9. Mawangdui Silk Book Zhao Li
Zhi Yi Yi is a general exposition of the great meaning of Yi in the form of master's self-report, and some traces of it can also be found in the modern version of Jie Jie. Yao, Miao Hehe are three kinds of lost essays. Yao also wrote it in the form of a master's self-report.
Yes Miuhe is divided into three parts. In the first part, Miao He, Lv Chang and others discussed the Zhouyi with Confucius. The second part is
Confucius said that he directly explained the Zhouyi in the way of "Confucius said". The third part is confirmed by historical legends and stories.
Zhouyi Zhao Li is a dialogue between Zhao Li and Confucius about Zhouyi. Mr Li Xueqin thinks: the surnames of He Miao and Zhao Li.
Both of them are typical surnames of Chu, Confucian classics of Chu Ci, and their books probably belong to the Department of Chu Ci.
System. four
B. books
According to literature records, several different versions of Shangshu have been found in history, such as Shangshu of Confucius recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, Shangshu collected by Liu De in Hanshu Hejian Liudechuan, and Shangshu and On Zheng Heng recorded in Hanshu Turin Biography.
At present, the words of Shangshu have not been found in unearthed bamboo and silk documents, but some unearthed bamboo and silk books have found references to Shangshu. For example, the Bamboo Slips of Guodian and the Bamboo Slips of Warring States collected in Shanghai Museum are cited from Yin patents, Junya, Lu punishments, sacrifices and Kang patents. Among them, Yin's patent, that is, "a virtuous man has a virtue" in the Preface to Books, belongs to the so-called ancient literature history, and "sacrificing public life" is equivalent to "sacrificing public life by Iraq". In addition, the Bamboo Slips of Guodian Chu also quoted the Book of History, including one, three, one life and one * * *. Among them, the imperial edict is an escape book. Judging from these quotations from the text of Shangshu, it is very helpful to study the completion and spread of Shangshu. five
C. poetry
At present, there are two kinds of bamboo slips related to this poem:
1. Fuyang Shuanggudui Han bamboo slips "Book of Songs"
The Book of Songs on the Han bamboo slips in Fuyang is the earliest copy of the Book of Songs. When unearthed, bamboo slips were seriously damaged. After cleaning, only 170 pieces of short pieces with different lengths are left. There is no title. Comparing with Shi Mao, we can see that Guofeng and Xiaoya are two kinds of poems. There are,, Zhai, Yan, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Cao and Cao in the national wind. 65 broken poems (some only have titles); Some have only residual sentences, such as Xiaoya's four poems in What is Luming Literature. Judging from the text of existing poems, there are many differences with this version of Shi Mao. According to Mr. Li Xueqin, these incomplete poems "absolutely do not belong to Qi, Lu and Han schools" and "do not belong to the traditional Confucian classics system". Fuyang Shuanggudui may be a relic of Chu Classics in the former Chu State, but it gradually disappeared after entering the Han Dynasty. seven
2. The Bamboo Book of the Warring States Period "On Confucius' Poetry" is collected in Shanghai Museum.
There are 29 books, 1006 words, and 60 poems in the Museum. There is no title, "On Confucius Poetry" was added by the organizer according to the content. The contents of the book are all the recitations of Confucius' disciples' poems donated by Confucius, and some of them are Confucius' comments on poems, but they are not recorded in handed down documents. This version of The Book of Songs contains national style, Xiaoya, elegance and ode, while the order of Confucius' poetics and the handed down version is just reversed, which are called litigation (ode), Daxia (elegance, summer and elegance), Xiao Xia (Xiaoya) and Xiao Xia respectively. The preface of Confucius' poetics is also contrary to the general preface in the Book of Songs, and the words used in many poems are also different from the Book of Songs. There is no irony or praise in the preface of this edition of The Book of Songs. Mr. Li Xueqin thinks that The Book of Poetics can be divided into twelve chapters. It was not written by Confucius, nor did it directly record Confucius' words and deeds like The Analects. It was written by Confucian scholars, and many of them quoted Confucius personally. "The author of" On Poetry "can quote Confucius so much about" Poetry ",which is undoubtedly similar to Zi Si and closely related to Confucius. In my opinion, the only person who meets this requirement and can spread the study of poetry is Xia Zi ","From the handed down literature, Xia Zi is probably the author of On Poetry ". eight
As for the "poems" in the unearthed bamboo slips and silk books, in addition to the above, we also collect the bamboo slips of Guodian and the Chu bamboo books of Warring States in Shanghai Museum.
And 19 is quoted from "Poetry" in Yi, among which 1 is quoted from "Yi Shi". In addition, Tang Yu also quoted Wu Luan's statement in Guodian Bamboo Slips. According to Mr. Qiu Xigui's comments, it should be read as a quotation that is not recorded in the literature, so it should also be regarded as Yi.
Poetry. nine
Ding and Li
According to documents, the text of The Book of Rites has been found many times in history. For example, King Lu Gong destroyed Confucius' house and got a book like The Book of Rites written in ancient Chinese. 10 Wang Dede presented by Hejian has six poems by Zhou Guan, 1 1 three poems by rural women in Hanoi who demolished old houses, 12 Lu's Book of Rites, etc. 13.
There are about five kinds of Li books unearthed in the 20th century:
1. A, B and C versions of Wuwei Mozuizi Han bamboo slips.
There are 469 pieces of Yili in Wuwei Han bamboo slips, which are divided into three parts: A, B and C 14 Jia Li * * * has 398 pieces of wooden slips. The original has no title, but it has a title and a preface. There are 7 articles respectively, namely, No.3 of Courtesy of Fellows, No.8 of Service Biography, No.0 10 of Special Sacrifice, No.0/1of Juvenile Prison, No.21of Teacher's Commentary and Yan Li.
The second book has 37 wooden slips, which are shorter and narrower than the first book. There is only one Fu Chuan No.8 in the biography of Yili, and the title is written on the back of the first and second slips. * * * Save 3042 words.
There are 34 bamboo slips in C version, which were seriously damaged when unearthed. Its content is a mourning article in Biography of Rites. At the end of the article, the title is "Qian Fan 472", but there are 1285 words.
Scholars have different views on the article "Yili" in Wuwei Han bamboo slips. The proofreader thinks that compared with the proofreading of Zheng Xuan's annotations in the present edition, it is more suitable and belongs to the system of the present edition than the ancient prose, but it is also mixed with some reading methods of the ancient prose, so it is speculated that the simplified edition belongs to the Qing (Qingpu) edition of The Book of Rites handed down by Hou Cang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. 15 and Mr. nao think that Hou Shi was the only one who passed on the Book of Rites in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, and the big, small and Qing families all came from the Hou Shi family.
In fact, books are the same, all belong to the modern text system, and simplified books should be read in modern text, so it is a blend of ancient and modern.
Call it "an ancient prose or a book", and he thinks this book (Zheng Xuanben) originated from this book. 16
2. The Warring States bamboo book Neili is collected in Shanghai Museum.
In the Shanghai Museum, there is a bamboo slip "Inner Rites" during the Warring States Period. Its content is closely related to the current edition of Dai Dai and the Book of Rites. 17
3. Mawangdui Silk Book "Mourning Picture"
The whole picture of Mawangdui silk book Mourning Picture consists of a scarlet umbrella cover and 19 square color blocks (including 24 missing parts). From top to bottom, some squares are connected with ink lines, of which five are scarlet on the left and the rest are black. In addition, there are 6 lines and 56 words about the funeral system in the picture. According to Mr. Chen Song, these 56 words mainly describe the relevant provisions on human mourning in the early Han Dynasty, including three-year mourning, annual mourning, September and July, but they do not mention the mourning period of March or shorter, which is not in line with the provisions on short mourning in Emperor Wen's testamentary edict, and is also different from the traditional mourning. Therefore, Mr. Chen Song thinks that "this may be a graphic record of the funeral system pursued by the Chiyou family itself". 18
e，le
At present, the text of Yue Ji has not been found in the unearthed bamboo and silk documents, but two books related to Yue have been found.
1. Collection of Folk Songs of Chu Bamboo Books in Shanghai Museum
There are seven bamboo slips in the Collection of Folk Songs, a bamboo book of the Warring States Period in Shanghai Museum, which have no original title. The collection of folk songs is determined by the organizer according to the content. It's strange that the brief essays record the titles of 40 poems and the pitches of playing poems and songs. According to Mr. Ma Chengyuan, "Before the title of one or several articles, a specific phonetic name is written in groups. These phonetic names consist of two words. One is
The name of the sound is the name of the pentatonic scale, among which four names of the sound are found, namely Gong, Shang, Zheng Heyu, and Mu, He Heyou.
Wait, it's all prefixes and suffixes. Whether these nine musical names are the musical names of Chu State is unknown.
Because poems and songs may be local or imported from other places, it can be said that this is the title of popular poems and songs in the capital of Chu State. one
There are one or several poem names at a specific pitch, which means that each poem has its own specific pitch, and it is not arbitrary to use any pitch.
You can sing freely, which shows that the music at that time has reached a relatively mature and standardized level. "19 In addition, the four tones and nine tones accompanied by musical instruments when China sang poems in ancient times are all recorded in these seven bamboo slips, which is an important discovery in the music history of China.
2. Chu Chu bamboo slips "Yue Shuo"
As we all know, there is an article in Guodian bamboo slips called "Sex Paradox", and there are 67 bamboo slips. There is no title. After research, Mr. Li Xueqin thinks that "sexual pretense" is not one article, but two articles. From Jane 1 to Jane 36, there is another article, the central content of which is about "music"; Jane 37 to Jane 67 is another article, the central content of which is about temperament. He believes that "the basic idea of the first half of the theory of music is consistent with the Book of Music, that is, sex is sexy in things and gives birth to feelings, while music is enough to cultivate temperament and play a role in education." Yue He, the author of Yue Ji, said that Gong Sunzi wrote Yue Ji. As mentioned above, Gongsun Nizi is a disciple of Confucius' Seventy sons, and his academic tendency is close to Zi Si, which may be related to what Han Fei called Zhong Confucianism. Guodian bamboo slips and Confucian books are mostly related to Zisi, so naturally there is such a theory of music. Therefore, Mr. Li suggested that the first half of "sexual pretence" be independent, called "theory of music" and the second half called "temperament". 20
Spring and Autumn
At present, the authentic bamboo slips and silks in the Spring and Autumn Period have not been found, but some historical documents attached to the Records of Han Shu Literature and Art have been unearthed. There is no special history department since Qilue, and the history books belong to the category of Spring and Autumn Annals in Liuyilue. Some people think that this may be related to the underdeveloped history at that time and the small number of historical works. Spring and Autumn Annals is a historical book, so it is attached to Spring and Autumn Annals. Xun Xu, the secretary supervisor of the Jin Dynasty, wrote Zhongjing's New Works because of Zheng Mo, the secretary of the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms.
The classics are divided into four parts: A, B, C and D, among which Part C records historical records, old events, imperial books and chores, and is a special historical department.
Here we go. From the perspective of Hanshu, the description of historical books is divided into three parts: one part is listed in "Six Arts"
Class, part of which is listed in the "Six Arts" spring and autumn category, and the other part is listed in the "Mathematical Arts" calendar category. According to Mr. Li Ling,
This is the result of Liang Wudi's "exclusive respect for Confucianism", which may not reflect his early scholarship. 2 1 therefore, he selected the history books from the unearthed bamboo slips and silk books as "history books" and set up another item, excluding the spring and autumn period. In our opinion, this classification is too much for the later "four-part" classification. Spring and Autumn Annals originated from historical books, and Han Shu Literature and Art Annals attached historical books to Spring and Autumn Annals for its own reasons. Today, we still attach these unearthed bamboo and silk books to the Spring and Autumn Period.
At present, there are two main types of history books: chronology and stories.
The chronological classification is as follows:
1. Chronology of Qin Bamboo Slips in Sleeping Tiger Land
The Chronology of Qin Bamboo Slips in Sleeping Tiger Land consists of 53 bamboo slips, which are copied in two columns. The whole story describes the war process and major events that unified the whole country from the year of Qin Zhaoyuan (306 BC) to the thirty years of Qin Shihuang (265438 BC+07 BC), and also describes the life and related matters of a man named "Xi", which is a bit like the chronicle of later generations. There is no title in the original bamboo slips, and the "chronological record" is determined by the sorting group according to the contents of the bamboo slips. The Warring States Period occupies an important position in the history of China, and Historical Records Chronology of Six Kingdoms is the main reference for studying this history. However, the Chronicle of Six Kingdoms is based on Ji Qin, which does not contain the sun and the moon, and the text is slightly lacking. Therefore, there is a congenital deficiency in historical facts or years. In the past, some scholars used the chronicles of bamboo books unearthed in Zhu Ji to correct the chronicles, but the chronicles of bamboo books stopped in Wei Xiangwang for 20 years (the first 298 years) and could not be used to correct the last part of the chronicles. The chronology unearthed in Sleeping Tiger Land just makes up for this deficiency. Many historical events recorded in bamboo slips are the same as those recorded in Historical Records, but they are different in some time, some are more detailed than those recorded in Historical Records, but some are not recorded in handed down documents. Mr Li Xueqin thinks that Chronology of Qin Bamboo Slips in Sleeping Tiger Land is a kind of history book written by Qin people. In philology, it can be regarded as a sequel to Chronology of Bamboo Books Unearthed in Central Hebei. 23
2. chronology of Fuyang Han bamboo slips
The Chronology of Han Bamboo Slips in Fuyang was originally called Memorabilia, and later Mr. Hu Pingsheng renamed it Chronology, which seems to refer to the titles of Chronology of Twelve Governors and Chronology of Six Kingdoms in Historical Records. What is the shape of this material? Warbler? Pay? Ren? Hey? Yu? What's the matter with you? Difficult to write about Mu Zhi Chunchu? Hey? Duan? Look at this. Thistle is thin! Gambling on the house? [14] Do you live in Yi, Zhen 'ao Street, Zheng Hangzi? Often? Is there no guarantee of thorium content in children? Frame suppression rake?
There are two kings in the column, and there is no sign between posthumous title and the year number. We understand that it should be two generations of kings of the same vassal state, recording the years of their respective reigns. " 24
Story categories include:
1. Rong, a bamboo book of the Warring States Period, is collected in Shanghai Museum.
There are 53 complete and incomplete bamboo slips in Rong Shicheng, a bamboo book of Chu in Shanghai Museum. The original title of the book is copied on the back of Jane No.53 at the end of the book, which is called "Litigation Town" and pronounced "Rong". According to the organizer, the whole article is divided into seven parts: the first part is about the oldest emperor (estimated to be about 2 1 person); The second part is about an ancient emperor before Emperor Yao, who was lost because of the incomplete bamboo slips. It is estimated that it belongs to Di Ku Gao Xin (there may be other emperors' names between the first part and the second part, such as Zhuan Xu and others, but unfortunately the bamboo slips are incomplete); The third part is about Emperor Yao. The fourth part is about Shun Di; The fifth part is about Yu Xia; The sixth part is about Shang Tang; The seventh part is about Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang. These seven parts mainly talk about the legends of ancient emperors. For more than three generations, sages have been granted childless, and the world is in love. After three generations, abdication was abolished and revolution was talked about. There are many sayings about ancient history in the book, which may make up for the lack of records in handed down documents. The meaning of the 53rd Jane is not enough. It is estimated that there are some bamboo slips at the back, but this bamboo slip has the title on the back. It is speculated that there are only one or two bamboo slips behind, so the full text will be described until the king of Wu finally attacked the merchants.
2. Cili Warring States Bamboo Slips "Mandarin"
Guoyu, a bamboo slip of Cili Warring States Period, has not been published so far. It is reported that bamboo slips are ancient books, which mainly record historical events in wuyue, such as the alliance of Huangchi and the hegemony of wuyue, which may be related to handed down documents such as Guoyu, Warring States Policy and Yuejueshu.
Some records are the same, but some are missing today. 25
3. Mawangdui Silk Book Spring and Autumn Stories
Mawangdui's silk book "The Story of the Spring and Autumn Period" is copied on half a silk book with a width of 24 cm and a length of 74 cm, with a total of 97 lines. When unearthed, the front of the scroll was seriously damaged, the end of the scroll was intact, and there was a silk book, which seemed to be an unfinished silk book. The book is divided into 16 chapters, which is not taboo for Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. The original book has no title or article, and each chapter is capitalized with a black dot (). The events recorded in each chapter, regardless of country, are not coherent with each other, covering the affairs of Jin, Yan, Qi, Lu, Song, Wei, wuyue and other countries. Except for the battle of Yan and Jin in the second chapter, other historical events are mostly found in the three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals and Guoyu, but the text content is also different. Mr. Zhang once suggested that every chapter of the book is very short, but some notes must be remembered, which is much more than the number of words in notes. At first glance, people know that the focus of this book is not to remember facts, but to remember notes, which is a typical "language" work in the Spring and Autumn Period. Mr. Qiu Xigui thinks that this book is probably a Tudor Wei recorded in Han Zhi, while Mr. thinks that it is not a Zuozhuan system, but another ancient book. 27 Mr. Li Xueqin thinks: "The Spring and Autumn Annals is an early authentic work of Zuo Zhuan, which originated from Zuo Zhuan and combined with Gu Liang, which is quite similar to Xunzi's style of study. Xunzi lived in Chu for a long time, which coincides with the silk book from Changsha. It is not impossible that it was written by Xunzi's scholars. " 28
4. Fuyang Han bamboo slips "Spring and Autumn Story"
When the Spring and Autumn Story, a Han bamboo slip in Fuyang, was unearthed, only one wooden slip was found, and nearly 100 incomplete bamboo slips were found. Because the essay is badly damaged, we can't read it together. The front and back of the wooden slips are copied in the upper, middle and lower columns respectively, and 37 titles are stored in * * *, with no titles. The book Spring and Autumn Stories is named according to its content. These themes are:
(1) □ Taiwan Province
(2) □□□□□□□□□□ Get rid of illness and get more.
(3) Qi Huangong built the platform of Qi (see Shuo Wen Bian Yuan Wu and Zuo Zhuan).
(4) Minister Jinping's uncle was hired by Wu (see Shuo Wen Zheng Yuan Jian).
(5) Yes
(6) Taiwan Province
(7) The King of Chu called Confucius (see Miscellaneous Words of Shuo Yuan and Historical Records Confucius Family also have the same records).
(8) Wu people entered Ying (see the same records in Shuo Yuan Shan Shuo, Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji).
(9) Shen□ (see "Mandarin Wu Yu")
(10) Jin Wengong chased the elk (see New Preface Miscellaneous Matters, which is also recorded in Shu Qun Zhi Yao and Taiping Magnolia).
(1 1) When Jin Wenjun, Zhai Ren presented a fox seal (see Shuo, Han Feizi, Yu Lao, Jin Lou).
There is also the same record)
(12) The heavenly beasts of Han Wuzi have gathered (see Dao).
(13) Jian Zichun builds a platform (see Shuo Yuan's guide).
(14) Jin Wenjun attacked Wei (see Shuo Yuan Machiavellian).
(15) Jane has a minister named Yin Chuo (see Shuo Wen Chen Yuan Shu).
(16) Jianzi attacked Wei Fuguo (there are similar records in Shuoyuan and Chunyu).
(17) Xia Zhengshu killed Chen Linggong (Zuo Zhuan recorded it in Gong Xuan for ten years).
(18) Elf Prince (see New Preface, Good Policy, Zuo Zhuan, Historical Records).
(19) Gong Jing has achieved great success.
(20) It is difficult to become a tiger (see "Shuo Yuan Machiavelli")?
(2 1) Kim Zi Xuan
(22) Qi Jinggong swims in the sea (see Talking about Zheng Yuanjian).
(23) yang hu
(24) Wei Linggong Building□□
(25) Wei Wenhou drinks with the doctor (see "Said Yuanshan").
(26) The son of Lv Mengxian was hired by Jin (see "New Preface, Pride").
(27) Zhao Xiangzi drank wine for five days (see "New Order and Pride").
(28) Qi Jinggong likes to drink (see "New Preface, Arrogance").
(29) Taiwan Province
(30)□ Tian Zifang asked
(3 1) Zhuang Wang Buye □
(32) Chu Zhuangwang
(33) Wei Wenhou and Tian Zi [Yu Fang] (see Shuo Wen Fu Yuan Chuan).
[34] or [Zhao Jian] (see Shuo Wen Yuan Jundao).
(35) Jin Pinggong Chun Zhu Station (see "Guide to Telling the Garden")
(36)[ Shu Wei] Sun Wenzi (see "Shuo Yuan Anti-quality")
(37) Bad
These topics are all drawn up according to the ancient method of choosing the first word. According to Mr. Han Zhiqiang, the sources of 26 articles can be found, and the sources of 1 1 articles are ambiguous or questionable. There are 33 Shuoyuan, 65 New Preface, 2 Zuozhuan and 2 Guoyu. Among these 5 1 works, there are 7 works by Han Feizi, 3 works by Lu Chunqiu, 5 works by Yan Zi in Chunqiu, 7 works by historical records, 3 works by Taiping Yulan, 3 works by a group of books and 3 works by Jinlou.
Han Shu, Li Ji, Bei Tang Shu Chao and Yan Tie Lun each have 1 article. Twenty-nine bamboo slips are the catalogue of this book, and its excavation proves that the Spring and Autumn Stories written at that time existed in the world as an independent book. Mr. Zhang said: "This kind of book about Historical Records was a teaching textbook at that time. Scholars are naturally familiar with the stories in these textbooks. In later works, they processed these familiar stories into the material of their own works. No wonder there are many similar stories in these works. " This is the fundamental reason why we can see the same story in different handed down documents. Sometimes when adapting these stories, the author may steal columns and change flowers.
5. Mawangdui Silk Letter of the Warring States Period
Mawangdui's silk book "Letters of the Warring States" is copied on a piece of silk book with a length of 192 cm and a width of 24 cm, with 325 lines and about 1 1000 words. Silk books are basically complete from beginning to end, and there are more silk books at the end of the volume. There is no title or article in the original work, and the Letter of the Warring States is determined by the organizer according to the contents of the silk book. The words in the whole book are not taboo for Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, or Liu Ying, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. Its completion date should be around 195 BC. The book is divided into 27 articles, each with a black dot (? ), and there are no lines between articles. 3 1 The existing 27 articles can be divided into three parts according to their contents: The first part is the previous 14 articles, all related to Su Qin, which were written by Su Qin to the kings of Yan Zhaowang and Qi Min. The fifth one can be found in this edition of Historical Records National Policy. There are many mistakes in the fourth chapter of this edition of the Warring States Policy. The second part is from 15 to 19, which mainly records the lobbying stories in the Warring States period. There are statistical words at the end of each of these articles. 19 and the total words at the end of these five articles are obviously another source and should be regarded as a whole. Except for 17, they are all found in this edition of Historical Records of Warring States Policy. The third part is the last eight articles, namely Articles 20 to 27. According to the fact that the lobbying materials about Su Qin are not together with the previous 14 articles about Su Qin, it should be another compilation of the lobbying stories of the Warring States and the lobbying speeches of strategists. Regarding the nature of this book, some scholars believe that it is the legacy of perilla, a strategist among the philosophers of Hanshu Yiwenzhi. Mr. Li Xueqin believed that Mawangdui silk book had the Warring States policy, and it was published as a Warring States letter, with 27 chapters, of which 1 1 chapter was found in today's Warring States policy. This edition of Warring States Policy was compiled by Liu Xiang, and its narrative cloud is "Chinese book number, or national policy, or state affairs, or short length, or story, or long length, or book". Silk should be one of them, only a part of this edition, but in terms of its nature. 32
In addition, according to Mr. Li Ling, there are about 20 kinds of Chu bamboo books in the Warring States collected by Shanghai Museum, which are similar to the Spring and Autumn Stories and Letters of the Warring States. For example:
(1) Chu State
(1) Bai Shu is the current affairs record of Chu Chengwang (67 BC1-626 BC). "Uncle Bai" is recommended.
(2) Yu Zi Bing Zhi (the title is added later, divided into two parts: A and B) tells how Chen Chu became a minister (Yu Zi) before the war between Jin and Chu Chengpu (633 BC).
(3) The first edition of The Battle of Liang and Tang Dynasties (the title of which was added later) was about the Battle of Jin and Chu (597 BC). Zhai is Bianshui and enters Xingyang, which is called "Liangtang". Lu's Annals of the Spring and Autumn Annals and Jia Yi's new book Wake Up first mentioned this battle, both of which said that "the battle was fought in Liangtang". This chapter is also found in The Battle of the Two Tang Dynasties, and is also called the "Two Tang Dynasties" in The Ice of Chen Gong.
(4) There are five kinds of battles between the two Tang Dynasties (all titles are added later), including the battles between the two Tang Dynasties, Chu Fen Cai Qi and Sima Zi. Have you a question about Bai Yan and Yan Gu? There are five kinds of vanguard A and left. The battle of Liang Tang is the same as above. "Chu Fen Cai Qi" (540- 529 BC) records that Chu defeated Cai in Lu (53 BC1year) and ordered Shen to succeed in taking Cai Qi. Sima Zi has a question about Bai Yan, which is the current affairs record of King Hui of Chu (488- 432 BC). Sima Ziyou, that is, Gong Sunning (son Guo Zi) seen in the funeral of Zuo Zhuan in the 16th and 18th years. "Yan hub? Pioneer A records the extermination of Hu in the 21st year of King Zhao of Chu (495 BC). Zuo Sima Yan is a current affairs record of Chu Huiwang.
(5) King Ling is the record of King Ling of Chu.
(6) There are four kinds of Jingping Wang Zheng Wenshou (titles are all added later), including Jingping Wang Zheng Wenshou, Jingping Wang Wang Mingzimu (father of the city), Zhuang Wang Chengfa and Yi Yusui. Wang Jingping asked Zheng Shou, and Wang Jingping ordered Wang Zimu (the father of the city) to record the current events of King Chu Ping (528- 5 16 BC). The Death of King Zhuang is a record of Chu Zhuangwang's current affairs. Sui Analysis is about the time when King Chu Ling ascended the throne (540 years ago).
(7) Two stories of the King of Zhao (including two chapters, The King of Zhao Destroyed the Room and The King of Zhao+Stone Escaped from the Treasure, with the title added later) are records of the current events of the King of Chu (5 15- 489 BC).
(8) "Yan Hub? Pioneer B (added after the title), same as above.
(9) The Appreciation of Hundreds of Poems (the title of which was added later) was written in the twenty-seventh year (479 BC) after Bai Gong's rebellion.
(10) There are three kinds of The Room of Wang Jusu's Coming to the Hare (all titles are added later), including: The Room of Wang Jusu's Coming to the Hare, The Son of Ye Gongzi Meets Your Son Yin Zichun, Qian Shude, etc., all of which record the current events of Chu Huiwang (488- 432 BC).
(1 1) Jane Wang Drowning (the title is added later) is a divination book written by Chu Jianwang (43 BC1-408 BC).
(12) "Chen governs soldiers" (title is added later), "Chen", unknown. Case: Chu destroyed Chen and Dai Yin was named Chen Gong, which was eight years in Zuo Zhuan (534 BC). This man should be in the back.
(13) Wu Fan Yu Jian (the title is added later, divided into four books: A, B, C and D). Wu Fan, Chen Chu, has not been tested in history.
(2) Jin State
"Three difficult problems" (the title was added later) were the difficult problems of Jin Ligong (580- 573 BC). For details, see the seventeenth year of Zuo Zhuan (574 BC) and Guoyu Liu.
(3) Qi State
(1) Jing Ke Na Zhi is a record of Qi Huangong's exhortation to Qi Huangong (685- 643 BC), which is divided into three parts with unknown history.
② Malaria in Gong Jing is a current event record of Qi Jinggong (547-490 BC) and Chu Wangkang (559-545 BC). Among them, Qi Chen Yan Ying, Chen Chu Qumu (that is, Qujian), Qupin, Bai Shu (that is, uncles) and Jin Chen Fan Wuzi and Fan Wenzi were mentioned.
(4) Wu
Unknown contains several chapters of incomplete bamboo slips.
(5) Others
(1) "Wang Zhao listens to the competitor's report" (the title is added later), which records the current affairs of Chu Zhao Wang.
(2) Incomplete bamboo slips of Something (the title is added later).
(3) "Sleep"