Teachers have a legacy and are not poor. It's hard to see the future, but hard work is hard. Grasp the current situation, solve problems and convince farmers. Even when the plain is far away from the wind, good seedlings are pregnant with new ideas. Although I didn't measure my length of service, I am happy about it. Farming sometimes stops, and walkers are not interested. The sun enters the phase and returns, and the pot pulp is close to the neighbor. Long Yin Renjimen, talking about the Dragon Shepherd.
In 1930s, Mr. Lu Xun and Mr. Zhu Guangqian launched a famous debate on the evaluation of Tao Yuanming. This debate covers a wide range of issues. The central difference is that Mr. Zhu thinks that "it is quiet, so it is great." Mr. Lu Xun retorted that "Tao Yuanming was great because he was not silent." Now he is often regarded as silent because he has been narrowed down by writers and sentence pickers. It is further pointed out that there are also works of "King Kong glaring" in Tao's poems, which proves that the poet is not on cloud nine all day. However, Mr. Zhu's conclusion that Tao Yuanming is quiet should be said that it is not entirely out of nothing, just because Tao Yuanming did write a lot of pastoral works; Moreover, this idea was not initiated by Mr. Zhu. As early as the Sui Dynasty, Wang Tong said in Wen Zhongzi, "Or ask Tao, and Confucius said,' Let people go. "Go Back" has a heart of avoiding the world, while "Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" is almost closed to the outside world. Wang Zao of the Song Dynasty said in Fuxi Collection: "Many scholars know the joy of the mountains." ... to Tao Yuanming ... I have explored the mountains and rivers to the extreme, and I am very satisfied with the scenery. The forest and green dome there are so beautiful, the sound of spring birds belongs to my ears, and the clouds are scattered in the rush and melting. Gaifang is proud of his words and meanings. Although the universe is big and far from ancient times, it is not enough to tire me. He Zhan-zhi in Ming Dynasty put it more succinctly in Preface to Tao Wei: "Shi Zhi Festival is in the swaying autumn, drifting away from fame and fortune, and his poems are clean, spotless and do nothing, so it is practical. "
This kind of evaluation is naturally one-sided. In fact, Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet in the history of China's poetry development. He painted a beautiful and tranquil picture of rural scenery for us with a dilute and free brushwork, such as Li Nan in Dongli, the wonderful garden in Song Qing, the gorgeous colors of autumn chrysanthemums, the birds singing in the evening, the deep alleys where dogs bark and the trees crowing, accompanied by the hero's feelings of isolation and indulging in poetry and wine. The artistic realm it constructs is so lofty, quiet and ethereal! But careful readers will not always observe Tao Yuanming's mood of retiring from the countryside and drinking and writing poems when he is helpless, forgetting reality and full of anxiety and anger!
We might as well look at his nostalgia for Tian She. This is a picture woven by the poet with pastoral scenery and homesickness. There are two poems, which show the same theme and theme. The first song begins with "The Past of Wennanmu" and describes the labor process. It depicts the beautiful scenery of nature, cherishes the memory of ancient sages, and praises their cultivation and integrity. However, the author is still not finished, and with the hard-won practice of "worrying about Tao but not poverty" inherited from the Second Division, he describes the joy of working in the field, associates with the behavior of ancient hermits who live long and are obsessed with drowning, but is deeply worried about the scarcity of Taoist people, and finally ends with "talking about being a human being". These two poems are like the upper and lower films of a long tune, with closely related contents, repeated performances, ups and downs and profound implications. But the whole poem is harmonious, plain and natural, which is really natural. It's like a poet standing in front of readers, opening his heart, neither thinking nor choosing words, but expressing his actions, feelings and thoughts without reservation. This poem was not written or sung, but flowed from the poet's heart. In one of his essays, Amin poet Xu said: "The poetry of the realm is natural and meaningful, which is similar to Mencius." It is said that Meng Ziquan has no intention to be a text, and he can't; Say Mencius as a text, so that there is no trace, which shows the sages! It's especially easy to get to know Sister Jing. "In addition, he said," The realm poem is written directly and naturally. " The third said: "The poet who can't reach the realm has his own first-class direct writing and doesn't care about carving, so the word is round and full of gas;" There is a first-class insight that is shrewd and thorough, so its language is concise and meaningful. All these show the unique style and high artistic achievements of Tao's poems.
Diluting nature is a literary style and a special literary realm. Here, I am integrated with things, completely forgetting myself, even without me; Here, God met the scene, God wandered in things, and God moved with the scene. Its extreme is remote and quiet, and it is a school of nature. In this way, Tao Yuanming's "Birds celebrate the New Festival, and the wind sends more goodness" and "The plain is far from the wind, and the good seedlings are also pregnant with new ones" has become a swan song throughout the ages. Yes, it's better than not carving. This is an artistic dialectics. However, there is indeed a poet's hard artistic labor, which is an artistic pursuit process of abandoning sculpture and returning to simplicity. Without some solid hard work, it is difficult to reach this artistic creation realm.
This poem describes the beauty of the field and the happiness of personal cultivation, and also expresses the author's nostalgia. He admired and praised Yan Hui, who was poor and eager to learn, and Confucius, who was poor and happy, especially He Weng, a hermit who advocated "coupled farming" in ancient times, and He Weng, a hermit who drowned in seclusion. Although, the author also shows that Yan Hui and Confucius can't copy, they prefer to learn from Weng, Chang Ju and Jie Yu. It seems that they are willing to live in seclusion in the country. However, between the lines still reveals the concern for the world and the yearning for a peaceful and prosperous world. If we pay more attention to the writing age of this poem, the contradiction of this thought will be more clear. According to "Li Li Pu", there is a poem "Tian She in Love". At that time, I returned to Chaisang from Jiangling and Kyoto Prefecture. I was worried about my home and the city, so I also had the feeling of "missing Tian She". A Qing Dynasty pointed out in Volume IV of Zhao Mei Zhan Yan: "I was thirty-nine years old and joined the army as a town army, so I was pregnant. In the middle of each song, I wrote a few words about Tian She. In the end, I confessed to two ancient people, but I was pregnant with my own business, but I didn't get it back. I pretended to be envious and sighed, so-called intimate. " Two years after writing this poem, the author worked as Peng for more than 80 days. It was at this time that he finally lost confidence in the dark and dirty society and expressed his final rejection. Full of resentment, he "resigned" and retired to the countryside. This is Tao Yuanming's struggle! If we don't deeply realize this, criticizing his seclusion life too much will not only easily deny more than half of Tao Yuanming, but also be tantamount to Wan Li.