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Middle school Chinese teaching resource network 2005-0 1-26
Zhscw network
Su Shi experienced five generations from Renzong to Hui Zong, and his life footprints were almost all over the important counties in China at that time, as far away as the northwest and Hainan. Like his predecessor, Mei, he made writing poems his daily homework until he was old. He learned from previous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Han Yu in many aspects, and he loved Tao poetry more in his later years. Compared with prose and ci, Su Shi's poems have wider themes and more diverse styles.
Su Shi has been in politics all his life and attached importance to the social role of literature. Under the guidance of his creative thought of \ "satirizing the world and enriching the country \" (see Mr. Dongpo's epitaph), he wrote some works that reflected the sufferings of the people, condemned the greed of officials and cared about the fate of the country. In Litchi Tan, he tearfully accused Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei of their sins, and with the resentment of "wanting to eat Fu Lin's meat to this day", he criticized the powerful people of the current dynasty for fighting for novelty and buying pets with the people's blood and sweat. In "West Lake in Xuzhou", he accused local officials of having a spring outing in the lake despite years of famine, but warmly praised some officials who were more concerned about people's sufferings. He gave Wang Qingyuan a poem: "My blue shirt is half frost and dead leaves. I see people like sons, servants and slaves. I am an educated farmer. His wife's crying made her very angry, and sometimes savages came to grab her beard. Brush clothes and note' Next exam'. I don't have Mi Dou. "Excellent description of the character to become an official, without losing his true colors as a farmer. When he was a local official, he did something beneficial to the people from the Confucian thought of being diligent and loving the people. He showed his concern for people's life and production in his poems, such as Xiu Yuan Cai, Sheep and Horse Song and He Fu. Later, he was repeatedly demoted and had to plow for food and clothing in a hard life, thus further shortening the distance with the people and getting along well with ethnic minorities when he was demoted to Hainan. "The farmer told me," Don't let the seedlings flourish. If you want to enrich the cake bait, you have to raise cattle and sheep. Thank you again for your kindness, and you will never forget when you are full (Dongpo), "The Yi people in the Han Dynasty are in harmony, and you are happy when you are drunk" (I used to rhyme that every living thing drinks from winter to the sun), and "If you can learn the tongue, you will become a mother of Lebanon" (Gui Maochun and I reminisce about the past). However, after all, Su Shi was a scholar-bureaucrat who lived in a relatively stable period of feudal society, and his political views were conservative, so he could not reflect the sufferings of the people more deeply and expose the evils of the ruling class. Some of his early political satirical poems reflect some abuses in the implementation of the new law, but there are also many exaggerations and inaccuracies, which have had a bad influence on politics, including "Five Wonders in a Mountain Village" and "Tales from Wuzhong", which have always been read by people.
Militarily, Su Shi advocated enriching Qiang Bing, consolidating the border defense and resisting the intrusion of Liao and Xixia, and thought that gold silk was the best policy. Several of his poems, such as He Zi sees him through hardships and cold, A Little Hunting in the Long Mountains, Yangguanqu, etc., show the poet's ambition to break the enemy for the country. However, in "Twenty Rhymes of Captured Ghosts", he advocated a generous attitude towards the captured leaders of Xiqiang, restrained the arrogance of the border generals, and put forward the advice of "be careful with the generals in Kansai, and stop making outstanding achievements", revealing his valuable thoughts of attaching importance to national unity and caring about the destiny of the country.
In Su Shi's poems, there are many poems that express personal feelings and praise natural scenery. Try his "Visit Jinshan Temple";
The river in my home originated in the early days, and the official tour went straight to the sea. It is said that the tide is ten feet high, and it is cold and there are sand marks. Shipantou on the south bank of Zhong Ling has been stormy since ancient times; Strive to climb to the top of the country, and there are many green mountains in the north and south of the Yangtze River. I dare not go home at night, and I still watch the sunset in the mountains: the breeze is all over the sky, the boots are thin and the fish's tail is red. At that time, Jiang Yue was born, and the second watch was dark. The river is like a torch, and the flying flame shines on the birds in the mountains. I'm so disappointed, I don't know anything. What is not a ghost or a person? Jiangshan is so reluctant to go back to the mountain, and Jiang Shen is so surprised and stubborn. I am the god of Xie Jiang, and I can't return to my land like a river.
This was written by Su Shi when he passed by Jinshan in Zhenjiang. Because he opposed the new law, he went to Hangzhou to become a judge. The poet thought of the surging tide of the river from the cold sand marks, and the failure to return from the Yangtze River to the sea hurt his official career, giving readers a deep and heroic feeling. Finally, he took the torch from Jiangxin, as a suspicion of Jiang Shen, revealing his boredom with business travel. His "Rainstorm in Youmei Hall": "A thunderbolt from the tourists' feet can't disperse the dense dark clouds. In the distant horizon, the wind moves with the clouds, and the sea stands like a mountain. A rainstorm, which crossed the Qiantang River from eastern Zhejiang, hit Hangzhou. "Looking at the Moon from the Mid-Autumn Festival": "Before the bright moon comes out of the mountain, it shines in thousands of feet. A cup of silver is not full, and the clouds are scattered. "Strong winds stay in Jinshan for two days": "A bell on the tower speaks alone, and the wind will break tomorrow. In the early morning, white waves hit the pale cliff, and the porch window was tilted back by the flying rain. "Write the ordinary scenery so accurately and moving. His "In Xincheng Road": "The east wind knows that I want to walk, and it blows down the rain between the eaves. "Looking for Spring in ankokuji": "Lying and smelling the spring breeze, Liu Cun flowers. "Send a message to Lu and know Weizhou": "Peach blossoms suddenly become shady, and buckwheat shows have become numerous. Spring and day will always be behind the door, but the wasp is noisy. "Write daily life so beautiful and lovely. When he opened up wasteland in Dongpo, he thought of seedling needles in drizzle, dew on rice leaves, frost ears in autumn harvest, and new rice like jade grains (Dongpo). When he saw the stream at the foot of Boluo West Mountain, he remembered how to turn the flour mill by hydraulic power, so he remembered the flour scattered like snow on the water mill, and the cracks and fragrance of steamed cakes when they were cooked (You Boluo Ji Xiang Temple). These poems show the agility of the poet's association, his love and optimism for life, and give readers a feeling of "touching the ground and giving birth to spring". First of all, because the author lived in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the working people created a lot of wealth in a temporarily stable environment, and the society showed a prosperous scene, which made the poet always easy to cause a beautiful vision when he came into contact with everything in life. Secondly, in the sharp struggle between the old party and the new party, the poet realized the danger of the official career storm, thus pinning his ideal of life on the romantic relationship between relatives and friends and poetizing everything he came into contact with in his life. "Looking at the moon, the wind blows half a sail. And it's close to the water town, so there are no rocks on the earth. \ "(Windproof of Cihu Gorge) is his best confession. Of course, it also reveals his negative attitude of escaping from reality in politics and his detached thoughts of the old Buddha in life.
Su Shi's poems can sometimes combine scenes in life to express his novel views on things without losing the interest of poetry, like the following two short poems.
More famous outside, lightning is a god. Mountains are only for babies. There are countless lost people in the world. -"The Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty said that there was a thunderstorm overlooking Tianmu Mountain. Every time there was lightning and thunder, I heard the voice of a baby in the cloud. I have never heard of Lei Zhen."
Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces. I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there. -"Title Xilin Wall"
The farther away from the discharge cloud, the lower the thunder you hear; You can see different faces of mountains from different directions, which is a phenomenon in ordinary life. However, since then, the poet has introduced a philosophy with some universal significance: the so-called "thunder power" does not work for a person who does not pay attention to personal life and reputation; Outsiders sometimes see the truth more easily than insiders. This is the reason why predecessors thought that Song poetry showed its characteristics.
Some works of appreciation and criticism of literature and art in Su Shi's poems, such as Wang Wei's Wu Daozi Painting, Sun Xin's Seeking Pavilion Poetry, Reading Meng Jiao Poetry, and Shu Wang's Main Book Painting Folding Branches, show his special style of taking learning as poetry and discussing as poetry, and also mark a new height of social culture in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Where to visit Wu Hua, Pumen and Kaiyuan. Kaiyuan has the East Tower, so you can leave fingerprints when you rub it. In my view of painting, there is nothing like two sons. Taoist priests are really bold and unrestrained. The wind and rain were fast when it was released, and the pen was swallowed before it reached the air. There are two pavilions and forests, and the color is dizzy. Those who are silent have it, and those who are enlightened are sad. There are thousands of barbarians and ghosts, and strive for the first place. This poem is old. Pei Zhi attacked Sun Fang. If we look at this mural now, we will find it clear and elegant. The disciples who arrived at the garden were exhausted and their hearts were dying. There are two bamboos in front of the door, and the snow festival is frosty; Numerous leaves can be traced back to the source. Although Wu Sheng is wonderful, he still talks about painting. Rubbing is beyond the image, just like a fairy thanking a cage fan. In my opinion, the two sons are both handsome and handsome, and Yu Wei doesn't like to talk. -"Wang Wei Wu Daozi Painting"
This poem is actually a summary of the painting methods of Wu and Wang painting schools in Tang Dynasty, and at the same time shows the author's valuable view on art: it not only attaches importance to the boldness of images, but also requires the beauty of things other than images. Because the author presents these two pictures with completely different styles to us again, and puts forward his own arguments for these different painting scenes, it still makes readers poetic. The tendency of prose once made the works of many poets in the Northern Song Dynasty superficial, tasteless or blunt and obscure. It was only in Su Shi's hands that he basically corrected this abuse with rich life content, fresh and fluent language and profound literary and artistic accomplishment. Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "Taking Wen as poetry, from Changli to Dongpo Yida, poetry is a must, and it has become a generation of grand views. ..... Especially those who can't reach, they are born with a healthy pen, which is as cool as a pear and as fast as scissors, and there is no difficulty in showing it. This is why it is a big family after Du Li, but not as good as Du Li. As far as Su Shi's artistic achievements are concerned, this summary is quite accurate and comprehensive.
Su Shi's poems are all about work, especially seven-character poems. Compared with the Tang people, his seven laws are more lively and turbulent. His achievements can be seen from the following two poems.
What is life like everywhere? It should be like Hong Fei stepping through the snow. I accidentally left my fingers and claws in the mud, and Hong Fei was driving that complicated thing. The old monk is dead and has become a new tower. There is no reason to look at the old topic with a broken wall. Remember the rugged past? The road is long and the donkey hisses. -"Mianchi Huaizi"
On the third night, the bitter rain will eventually clear up. Who embellishes the clouds and the moon, the sky and the sea are clear. In his spare time, Chaucer took advantage of music to get a general understanding of Xuanyuan's music. I don't hate the narrow escape in the south. I spent the rest of my life traveling. -"The Night of Crossing the Sea on June 20th"
There are many boring entertainment works in his poems, which show the same habits of feudal literati. There is too much bluffing and not enough implicit attention to the artistic conception of poetry. This is the result of his greed for more and faster creation.
Su Shi's ci has great artistic creativity, which further breaks through the old writing frame of love separation between men and women since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, expands the theme of ci, improves the artistic conception of ci, and extends the poetry innovation movement to the field of ci. He can express all the themes that poets are used to, such as nostalgia, nostalgia for the past, reasoning and so on. This makes Ci get rid of the state of being only a lyric poem for music, and become, for example, "Hunting in the River and Mizhou", which describes his ambition to make contributions to the country by killing the enemy under the encouragement of hunting.
The old man talked about juvenile madness, pulling yellow on the left, holding pale on the right, wearing a gold hat and mink fur, riding a thousand troops on a flat post. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan. It doesn't matter if the chest is still open and the temple is slightly frosted after drinking wine. When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.
Another example is "Huanxisha" and "Xuzhou Shitan Xieyu Road", which wrote a romantic picture of rural life, which is rare in his previous works. The following two sentences have always been regarded as the works that can best express his style:
When did the moon begin to appear? Ask heaven for wine. I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight? I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance and enjoy the shadow of the moon, which is in the world. The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away. -"Water Melody", "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drunk, drunk to write this article, pregnant"
The river of no return, a romantic figure who has traveled through the ages. To the west of the old base, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. Feather fan black silk scarf, thick between jokes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. The world is like a dream, a statue is still on the moon. -"Nian Nujiao" and "Red Cliff Nostalgia"
In the first poem, the author fantasizes that "the top of the mountain is too cold" in Qionglou Yuyu, and thus turns to reality, attaching importance to and loving human life. The latter describes the magnificent scenery of Chibi battlefield and the images of heroes such as Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, giving people a magnificent feeling. When the author wrote these words, he was politically frustrated, thus revealing heavy depression and negative thoughts of "the world is like a dream"; However, he still can't conceal his optimistic attitude of loving life and heroic feelings of making contributions to the country.
According to the different contents of ci, Su Shi also changed the flowery style of ci poets in language, absorbed the poems of Tao Qian, Li Bai, Du Fu and Han Yu from many aspects, and occasionally used the spoken language at that time, giving people a fresh and simple feeling. In order to fully express the artistic conception, sometimes it breaks through the bondage of melody.
Su Shi changed the graceful and restrained style of five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty and became the pioneer of bold and unconstrained ci school in later generations. This first depends on the change of the political status of the literati in the Song Dynasty and the influence of the poetry innovation movement. Some famous literati in the Northern Song Dynasty had great political ambitions. They were dissatisfied with the vulgar style of writing since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and set off a poetry innovation movement. As far as the aftermath is concerned, they have to have an impact on the ci world. There have been some bold works in Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu's ci, and Wang Anshi is more aware of opposing the practice of filling words with sound. Su Shi inherited their style and made great changes, thus creating an important school in the field of ci. Secondly, due to Su Shi's rich life experience, leading position in the literary world at that time and outstanding achievements in poetry and prose, he could not be satisfied with the achievements of pre-pronouns, and also opposed the once popular Liu Yong ci style. According to legend, when Su Shi was a bachelor of Hanlin, he asked Corporal Mu, "What is my handwriting like Liu Qi?" The captain of the curtain replied, "Liu Langzhong's words are only for the girl of 187, holding the red fangs and singing' Yang Liuan's small wind and the waning moon'. A bachelor's degree must be from Kansai, singing "River of No Return" with a copper pipa and an iron rake. \ "(seen in Wenbao's Blowing Sword Record) was not sung by Kansai Korea at that time, which is obviously a satire on Su Shi, but it vividly illustrates the different styles of Liu Ci and Su Ci.
Heroic and unrestrained emotion and frank and cheerful mind are the keynote of romanticism in Su Shi's Su Ci. \ "The ancient history of the Spring and Autumn Period is a family law, and the poetic pen is also used when leaving Sao \" ("It's expensive to send books and wine, but poetry is far away ...") and "Who sent greetings that day, so far there is a temple to worship Chaozhou" ("Two Poems over the Ridge"), and his self-confidence in his career enables him to treat political setbacks with a heroic attitude. "Chrysanthemum blooms in Chongyang, and the mid-autumn is cool, and the moon is in the sky" ("Quotations of Jiang Yue Wu"). His self-sufficient mentality makes him good at finding beautiful and lovely places in his daily life and always maintains an optimistic and cheerful attitude. \ "The Yangtze River travels around the country to know the beauty of fish, and the bamboo trees connect the mountains to feel the fragrance of bamboo shoots \" ("Arriving in Huangzhou for the first time"), \ "It rains in Luowan in spring, and cakes come to Xia Feng \" ("South Garden"), where the poet's rich associations often sprout. "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, it is always appropriate to use light makeup and heavy makeup" ("Drinking Chu Qingyu on the Lake"), "Like a rabbit walking an eagle, a good horse betting on the slope of thousands of feet, the string is broken and the arrow flies off the column, and the pearl turns over the lotus" ("Two Poems of Hong Baibu"), the poet's metaphor is always so appropriate and vivid. His ci is also good at using figurative techniques to pin his personal arms, such as Dingfengbo, Rain on the Road in Shahe on March 7, Buji, and Dinghui Courtyard in Huangzhou. All these, together with the writer's free writing attitude and unpredictable text structure, form the artistic characteristics of Su Shi and Su Ci's romanticism. Due to the limitation of class and times, he failed to go deep into people's life and reveal the essence of life, which also brought ideological and artistic limitations to his poetry creation.