Shang shan Zao hang
Author: Wen
I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.
Notes on "Doing Good and Going Early";
(1) Shangshan: Shanming, also known as Shangban and Chushan, is located at the junction of Shanyang County and Danfeng County in the southeast of Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province. The author left Chang 'an in the last years (the year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, 847 ~ 860) and passed through here.
(2) Moving Tudor: the bell that vibrates the stroke. Tudor: A bell that hangs around a horse's neck while driving. Tudor: The big clock.
⑶ Mistletoe (hú): Deciduous tree growing in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province. Although the leaves wither in winter, they don't fall until the branches sprout in spring. Every Dragon Boat Festival, mistletoe zongzi wrapped in this leaf has become a local feature.
⑷ Wall of knowing China: Some people regard some versions (such as "reciting ancient poems after class" in the ninth grade of Chinese published by People's Education Press) as the "wall of knowing China", and some people think that "Zhao" is wrong (see "Wall of knowing China-the first volume of Chinese published by People's Education Press"). Ming: Make ... bright. Zhi Wei: Also called "smelly orange", deciduous shrub or small tree. White flowers bloom in spring, and the fruit is slightly smaller than orange. The sour ones are inedible and can be used as medicine. Post wall: the wall of the post office. Note: In ancient times, people who sent official documents or officials who came and went stayed to change horses. There are bright bitter orange blossoms on the wall of the post office.
5. Ling Du: Place name, in the south of Chang 'an (now southeast of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province). In ancient times, it was Du Guobo, Du County, Qin Wei. The mausoleum built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was on Dongyuan, hence the name, which refers to Chang 'an here. At this time, the author visited friends in Xiangyang from Chang 'an and passed by Shangshan. Therefore, I remembered my dream when I was in Chang 'an.
[6] [6] (f ú) Goose: [6], wild duck; Goose is a migratory bird, which flies north in spring and south in autumn. Back to the pond: a winding pond on the shore. This sentence is a dream in Ling Du Dream.
(7) Back pond: lakes and marshes with curved lakeshore.
"Be good and leave early" means:
Get up at dawn, the bells of horses and chariots have shaken; Traveling all the way, the wanderer misses his hometown.
The chicken is loud and clear, and the thatched shop is bathed in the afterglow of Xiao Yue; Footprints are blurred, and the wooden bridge is covered with early spring frost.
Withered oak leaves are covered with barren hills and roads; There are bright pale white and bitter orange flowers on the mud wall of the post office.
Therefore, I remembered the beautiful scene of dreaming about Ling Du last night. Flocks of ducks and geese frolic in the winding lakes and marshes on the shore.
The writing background of "Going Good and Walking Early";
The exact writing date of this poem has been impossible to verify. However, in connection with Wen's life experience, he served as the governor of Suixian County and Xiangyang Town, and was appointed as the governor. According to Xia's "Wen Fei Qing Nian", these two things happened in 859 AD (thirteen years of Dazhong), when Wen was 48 years old. From Chang 'an to Sui County, Shangshan was in power. This poem was written when Wen left Chang 'an for Xiangyang, passing through Shangshan. Although Wen is from Shaanxi, he has lived here for a long time and regards it as his hometown. Trapped in the imperial examination hall for a long time, he was forced to make a county magistrate in his late fifties. It can't be said that he is in a good mood, and the feeling of going to the countryside and homesick is inevitable.
Appreciate "Doing Good and Walking Early";
The reason why this poem is recited by people is that it truly reflects some common feelings of ordinary travelers in feudal society through its distinctive artistic image.
The first sentence shows a typical "leave early" scene, which is very general. In the morning, the bells of horses and chariots have sounded inside and outside the hotel, suggesting many activities such as riding and driving. The second sentence is the author talking about himself, but it also applies to ordinary passengers. "It's good to be at home for a thousand days, but it's difficult to go out for a while." In feudal society, due to traffic difficulties, weak human feelings and many other reasons, ordinary people often moved to different places and dared not travel far. The poem "It is sad to travel far away from home" can arouse readers' emotion "* * *".
Three or four sentences have always been popular. In Song Dynasty, Mei once said to Ouyang Xiu: The best poem should be "it is difficult to write today, but words are not enough". Ouyang Xiu asked him to give an example. He quoted these two sentences and Jia Dao's "Birds are strange in the wild, and pedestrians are afraid in the sunset". He also asked: "The road is difficult, but you are worried." Isn't it obvious? " ("Poems on June 1") Li Dongyang in Ming Dynasty further analyzed: "It is rare to mention the word' seeking near the customs' in two sentences without one or two idle words, but the rhyme is sonorous and the image is full." "sonorous rhyme" and "full image" are the necessary conditions for all good poems. Li Dongyang put forward these two points as the subordinate conditions of "not using one or two idle words, only mentioning words", which can explain the artistic characteristics of these two poems. The so-called "function words" refer to various words other than nouns; The so-called "mentioning words" refers to the choice and combination of nouns representing typical scenery. These two poems can be broken down into ten nouns representing ten kinds of scenery: chicken, sound, hair, shop, moon, people, trace, board, bridge and frost. Although the words such as "chicken's voice", "Maodian", "traveled by people" and "Banqiao" in the poem are all combined into the radical phrase of "attribute plus head word", because all attributes are nouns, the specific meaning of nouns is still preserved. For example, the word "chicken sound", the combination of "chicken" and "sound" can completely arouse the visual image that attracts people's attention. Maodian, Travel and Banqiao are similar to this.
In ancient times, for the sake of safety, tourists usually stayed indoors early, and the rooster crowed early to see the sky. Since the poet wrote about walking in the morning, the cock crow and the moon shine. Maodian is a characteristic scenery in mountainous areas. "The cock crows in Maodian". Travelers live in Maodian. When they hear the cock crow, they get up and look at the sky. When they see the moon in the sky, they pack their bags and get up and leave.
Similarly, for early walkers, Banqiao, frost and people on the frost are also characteristic scenery. The author set out on the road before the cock broke dawn and the waning moon set, which was also an "early trip"; However, it is already a "cold slab bridge frost", which is really "Mo Daojun left early and there were many pedestrians early"! These two poems composed of pure nouns describe the scene of early death, which is really a good sentence with "sufficient images"
The sentence "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, Zhihua famous post wall" is written about the scenery on the road. There are many bitter citrus reticulata and oak trees in Shangxian and Luonan areas. The leaves of oak trees are very big. Although it will dry up in winter, it will still stay on the branches. It was not until the early spring of the following year, when the branches were about to sprout, that they fell off. At this time, the white flowers of bitter citrus reticulata have already bloomed. The word "Ming" was used because the white bitter orange blossom next to the wall was conspicuous before dawn. It can be seen that the poet is obsessed with the word "leave early".
The scenery of the first trip reminds the poet of the hometown scenery that appeared in his dream last night: "The geese return to the pond." Spring has come, hometown Ling Du, back to the pond to boil water to keep warm, geese enjoy themselves; I, on the other hand, am far from home, stopping at Maodian and running around on the mountain road. Du Mengling complements the homesickness of Maodian at night and takes care of "homesickness" from beginning to end; The scenery of my hometown in my dream is in sharp contrast with the scenery on my trip. What I see in my eyes is "mistletoe falling down the mountain", and what I think in my heart is "wild geese returning to the pond" The scenery and feelings of "leaving early" are perfectly expressed.