The theme selection characteristics of Gao Shi's frontier poems are: observing and analyzing the present situation of frontier fortress from the perspective of politicians, considering war, national security and people's sufferings and joys together, with a wide range of themes and profound thoughts. For example, he expressed concern about the disturbance of the frontier fortress: "Every time I go to the battle site, I worry about everything." ; "Disappointed with Sun Wu, I came back and closed the door alone" (In Thistle). He paid a warm tribute to the brave soldiers: "Until Jian Qing in white sees the light of day and blood is red, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame" ("Ge Yanxing"). He also had profound thoughts on the significance of the war: "Today, Qinghai only drinks horses, and the Yellow River doesn't need to guard against autumn" (nine songs). Comprehensive perspective is the uniqueness of Gao Shi's poems. Previous comments on Gao Shi's poems are "touching to read" (Yan Yu's Cang Hua) and "Shi Shi's poems are full of words and full of vitality" (Yin Kun's He Yue Ji) are summarized as awe-inspiring. "Awesome spirit" is to highlight heroism and fearless heroism, so it has the charm and realm of poetic style.
His poems inherited the vigorous style of ancient poems in Han and Wei dynasties, and the common expressions are parallelism and straightforward expression. Poetry is full of strong feelings. For example, Wanli showed a desire for fame and fortune, was willing to die, and had succeeded. Draw a picture of Kirin Pavilion and enter Mingguang Palace. "Gao Shi often expresses his opinions in poems, interspersed with narration and lyricism, which makes the works more profound and mature. Gao Shi is good at seven ancient poems. Poetry has a large capacity, ups and downs of emotions and vivid and concise images. Therefore, Hu Yinglin's poem says that "syllables are distinct, emotions lead to collapse, and crude fibers are trimmed to achieve harmony". (1) Poetry Title and Creation Background: Ge Yanxing is one of the representative works of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it is also the "first masterpiece" of Gao Shi. "Ge Yanxing" was originally a form of Yuefu, and Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei Wen, wrote poems on it for the first time. Since then, this topic has often been used to eulogize the sufferings of troops stationed in the northeast border (Yan Di) and the love of missing women. This poem develops the old theme. There have always been different opinions about the creative intention of poetry. One is to praise the patriotic spirit of the border guards to overcome all difficulties and defeat the enemy on the grounds that my Youzhou made Zhang Shouxuan quell the Qidan rebellion; On the other hand, it exposed the problem of Zhang Shousheng's false exploits after his defeat, and accused the generals of being arrogant and underestimating the enemy, which caused the failure of the war and caused great pain and sacrifice to the soldiers. Is it a compliment or an irony? According to the viewpoint of the History of China Literature (People's Literature Publishing House), and considering the preface of the poem, we think that this poem is related to the Zhang Shousheng incident, but what is written in the poem is not entirely about this battle, but a fusion of his experience in Jiyumen, which shows his deep sympathy for the soldiers with a high artistic summary.
(2) The following lectures on the content of poetry:
The preface of this poem explains the reasons for creation. "In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, a friend who went to war with Marshal came back and wrote a song Ge Yanxing for me. I deeply felt what I defended in today's war, so I sang a song. " In the 26th year of Kaiyuan, the Ministry of Zhang Shousheng suffered defeat in the battle with the renegade Xi people, saying that "Zhang Shousheng concealed the defeat and made vain use of his merits" (see Biography of Zhang Shousheng in Old Tang Dynasty).
The first eight poems summarize the process of soldiers' expedition. At the beginning of the poem, "The northeast border of China is filled with smoke and darkness" shows the orientation and nature of the war. In the poem, "the smoke and dust of the Han family" and "the Han general resigned from his family" refer to the soldiers of the current dynasty. The rampage in "quick march, A Hero" is to run to the enemy's territory and walk the line. "Let the army beat drums on Guan Yu" is about the military ability to go to the battlefield. The word "Fei" in "School Han Hai" vividly illustrates the urgency of the military situation and the sinister war situation. The atmosphere gradually advanced and became tense.
Write eight sentences about losing in key battles. Putting pen to paper is "the mountains and rivers outside are cold and bleak", which is an open and flat area with a cold breath. Hu rode fast and wild, rolling in like a storm. The Han army struggled to meet the enemy and was killed in the dark. "Half of us were killed in the front line, but the other half are still alive, and beautiful girls are still dancing and singing for them in the camp", which contrasts the painful and happy lives of generals and soldiers and vaguely reveals the inevitable result of failure. Then I wrote about the failure of the war, the fatigue of the soldiers, the difficulty of encirclement, the sunset in the lonely city and the withering of the grass. The unique gloomy scenery of these frontier fortress sets off the desolation of the defeated troops.
The next eight sentences describe the pain brought to soldiers by the war, which is a portrayal of the mood of soldiers trapped in danger. "Still on the front line, dressed in rags" is about soldiers fighting abroad, and "Jade Girl is going to cry after parting" is about women who are at home alone in the imagination of soldiers. The woman is sad day and night, but "how can I do it in the side yard?" The soldiers looked back in vain, after all, "in a place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead." The murderous look lingered around the soldier for a long time, and the sound of night patrol was urgent, which broke his homesickness. This was originally the content of the old poem Ge Yanxing. But this poem is more exaggerated than the previous one. The complex inner activities of soldiers undoubtedly deepened the theme. Who put them in the corner?
The last four sentences sum up the whole article, full of emotion and tragic. Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame? The soldiers fought bloody battles and died in the battlefield, but it was for personal credit. This sentence is full of praise from the poet. This satirizes the aggressiveness and greed of Han Jiang. In the last two sentences, the poet sighed: "However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we are going to mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago." Eight or nine hundred years ago, Li Guang, a flying general in the north of Weizhen, took care of his soldiers everywhere, which was in sharp contrast with today's arrogant generals. The poet put forward general Li, which is of far-reaching significance. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there have been countless frontier wars for thousands of years, but it is really difficult to find a general like Li Guang who can care about soldiers and guard the frontier. With Li Guang's last article, the artistic conception is more vigorous and profound.
(3) Evaluation:
First, in terms of ideological content, most of Xing's poems on the same topic are lingering in the pursuit of a husband and a woman. This poem breaks this theme pattern and highlights heroism and tragic feelings. Poetry and pen interweave, combining the desolate natural environment, comprehensive war atmosphere and the complex inner activities of soldiers in battle, forming a rich, profound and tragic artistic style of the whole poem.
B, from the perspective of expression, contrast is used in many places in the poem. From a long point of view, the golden drum when sending troops is in sharp contrast with the hardships and desolation after the defeat. From the description throughout the article, the soldiers' loyalty to their duties is in sharp contrast with the generals' arrogance and greed. The hard work of the soldiers is in stark contrast to the indulgence of the general. Finally, Li Guang is put forward, which is another comparison between ancient and modern times. The use of contrast makes this poem meaningful. In addition, the poem uses four rhymes to turn, showing the momentum of jumping and unrestrained.