1. From the form of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poetry such as Song, Song Xing, Quotations, Qu and Ling, which also belong to ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
② Modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains. Rhyme is necessary. Rhyme refers to poems written according to certain rules. Although there are many exquisite rhymes, even lines, antithesis and so on. Metric poetry mainly has the following four characteristics:
(1) Each song is limited to eight sentences, with 40 words in five laws and 56 words in seven laws;
(2) They are all rhymed;
(3) stipulate the level of each sentence;
(4) Every song should have antithesis, and the position of antithesis is also stipulated.
There is a kind of metrical poem with more than eight sentences, which is called long law. The long law is generally five words, and the number of rhymes is often marked on the topic. For example, Wang Wei's "Henan Yan Yin Di visits others to give ten rhymes" is one hundred words; Bai Juyi's "Poems with Hundred Rhymes" is a thousand words. This long method uses antithesis except tail (or head-tail), so it is also called parallelism.
The number of words in quatrains is half less than that in metrical poems, which is equivalent to half a metrical poem in form, so metrical requirements are the same as metrical poems.
③ Ci, also known as Yu Shi, long and short sentences, Qu Zi, Qu Zi, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. According to different words, it can be divided into long tone (9 1 word or more), middle tone (59-90 words) and short tone (58 words or less). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A paragraph of a word is called a que or an article, the first paragraph is called Qianque, Shangque and Shangpian, and the second paragraph is called Houque, Xiaque and Xiapian.
④ Qu, also known as Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.