when it comes to "xing" in poetry, we will naturally think of a passage in Preface to Mao's Poems: "Poetry has six meanings: a day's wind; Two-day fu; Three-day ratio; Four days of prosperity; Five-day elegance; Six days. "
Kong Yingda's "Mao Shi Zheng Yi" is interpreted as: "The wind, elegance and praise are the variants of the poem; Fu, Bi and Xing are different words in poetry. Fu, Bi and Xing are used in The Poetry. Style, elegance and praise are the formation of the poem. Use those three things to achieve these three things. Therefore, the same is called righteousness.
Style, elegance and ode are three genres in The Book of Songs. Fu, Bi and Xing are the methods of expression. This is the explanation of Preface to Mao Poetry and Justice of Mao Poetry by Kong Yingda.
The definitions of "Fu" and "Bi" in "Fu, Bi and Xing" have always been clear and consistent, and they are considered to be relatively simple and solvable, but the technique of expression is very certain.
The best definition of "Bi", which is often quoted by people, is what Zhu Xi, a master of Confucian classics in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "If you compare, compare this thing with another thing."
For "Fu", it means telling the story directly, and most of them are worried about it in the Jin Dynasty: "Fu is also called" Fu Chen ". For reference.
What is more controversial is the definition of "Xing". The earliest definition of "Xing" was Zheng Zhong, a Confucian scholar in Han Dynasty. He said in his annotation "Zhou Li": "Xing people entrust things to things." Its meaning is: "Xing" is to pin the meaning to be said on one thing.
Song Zhuxi is defined as "those who are interested, say other things first to cause the words to be sung".
In the above statements, the understanding of "Xing" is mainly limited to the expressive skills and techniques.
In the Jin Dynasty, Zhi Yu gave a comprehensive explanation of "Fu Bi Xing". He thought: "The giver is also called Fu Chen; Compared with others, the words of metaphor are also; Those who are excited have feelings. "
He explained "Xing" with "feeling" and no longer regarded "Xing" as a pure artistic skill. Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties further pointed out: "Those who are excited, those who are excited ... those who are excited, are proposed according to the micro. When you are in love, you can stand on your feet ... When you are in love, you can make fun of it. "
here, he points out that the important feature of "Xing" is "feeling", which arouses the poet's feelings in the subtle relationship between things. (This is no longer just a skill of choosing words, making sentences and writing like "Fu" and "Bi", but an artistic thinking of the conception of the whole poem. Here he pointed out that the important characteristic of "Xing" is "Qi"; Get up what? Love; How to start the law? In the subtle connection between things, the poet's feelings are aroused, and the "Xing" style is formed. Obviously, Liu Xie has grasped the importance of "Xing" and poetry to convey ideological content, and has initially included "Xing" in the category of artistic conception.