An overview of the knowledge points of classical Chinese in Chibi Fu I. Classical Chinese notional words
1. Common word
(1) the vast wind like Feng Xu (preach "by" and take).
(2) Different mountains and rivers (through "dazzling" and surrounding areas)
(3) Send wine to guests (call people to drink).
(4) Give each other a bottle (persuade people to drink).
2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
(1) Wandering between bullfights
An ancient meaning: the bright moon stays today: people walk back and forth in one place.
B Ancient meaning: Dou Su and Niu Su are both stars. Modern significance: a way of competition.
(2) Bailu River
Ancient meaning: white water vapor modern meaning: one of the 24 solar terms
(3) Ling Wanqing was at a loss
Ancient meaning: broad-minded appearance; Modern meaning: the appearance of complete ignorance.
(4) look forward to the beauty and the sky.
Ancient meaning: people who are admired in their hearts are often regarded by the ancients as a symbol of sages or beautiful ideals.
Modern significance: beautiful people
3. Polysemy
(1) Go east along the current (verb, go east)
Looking east at Wuchang (noun adverbial, east)
(2) Looking forward to July (noun, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month)
Look at the beauty and hope of the sky (verb, look out, look far away)
(3) The lower side will break Jingzhou and go to Jiangling (verb, seize)
Perilla and guests go boating under Chibi (noun, below)
(4) Like a reed (verb, go)
Like crying (adverb, like)
(5) White dew crossing the river (white, adjective)
I don't know the oriental white (bright, adjective).
(6) Graceful chapters of songs (aria, verbs)
Song: "..." (lyrics, nouns)
To compose (a tune or beat, a noun) by it.
4. Flexible use of parts of speech
(1) nouns as adverbials.
There are few stars under the moon, and the black magpie flies south/looks west at Xiakou, and looks east at Wuchang (looks west at East).
(2) Nouns are used as verbs.
My son and I went to Zhu Jiang (fishing and chopping wood)/Xiajiangling (capturing)/Downstream eastward (eastward).
(3) Verb usage of nouns.
Make friends with fish, shrimp and elk (take … as a companion and … as a friend)
(4) The causative usage of verbs.
Dance (make ... dance)/cry (make ... cry) for a lonely woman in a secluded valley.
(5) Adjectives are used as verbs.
Sit still (clean up)/a drop in the ocean (as small as ...)/I wonder if the East is white (white)
Second, the function words in classical Chinese
1. and
The conjunction (1) indicates a turning point. Vast as Feng Xu keeps watch, I don't know where it ends/The deceased is like a husband/Those who haven't gone are empty, and the deceased will not rise or fall.
(2) Modification of conjunctions and tables. Make up by songs/see the same person.
(3) conjunction, table to undertake. Sit down and ask the guests.
(4) Conjunction and table juxtaposition. Love to eat fish and shrimp, and be friends with elk.
2. Wisdom
(1) auxiliary words, yes. The moon rises from Dongshan/mourns my life for a moment.
(2) auxiliary words, symbols of preposition objects. Ling Wanqing was at a loss.
(3) Auxiliary words, subjects and predicates cancel sentence independence. If it's not the place I own/where my son and I live, it's * * *
(4) Pronouns, it and them. Gai must change his mind/listen to his ears/take it without restraint and use it inexhaustible.
(5) Songs with buckles (syllable auxiliary words)
(6) Make peace by song (pronoun, instead of "song")
(7) What does the reed do (verb, go, go)
3. at
(1) preposition, in. Perilla and her guests are boating under the Red Cliff/strolling between bullfights/fishing in Zhu Jiang/leaving their legacy in Yuntai/so they like drinking.
(2) prepositions, from. The moon rises in the east of the mountain.
(3) Preposition, quilt. This is not Meng Zhizhi trapped in Zhou Lang.
4. Hu (hanyu pinyin)
(1) modal particles, indicating doubt. Why envy?
(2) Modal particles are rhetorical questions. It's not that Yu De is trapped in Zhou Lang/Cao Mengde's poem.
(3) Modal words express doubts. The guest also knows that the husband is hidden.
(4) prepositions, in. Take a boat with each other.
(5) Adjective suffix. It is as vast as the wind in Feng Xu/as independent as the world.
(6) Tones and modal particles used in sentences to indicate pause or relaxation. Gloomy/knowing can't be achieved at once.
5. it
(1) and I don't know where it ends (pronoun, it means "a reed")
(2) Its sound is purring (demonstrative pronoun, that)
(3) What is it (pronoun, meaning flute sound)
(4) broken Jingzhou (pronoun, he, refers to)
6. However,
(1) Ling Wanqing's loss/Perilla's sadness (adjective suffix ...)
(2) What is it (therefore, pronoun)
(3) Its voice is purring (modal particles, equivalent to "words", express the tone of statements and cannot be translated)
Third, classical Chinese sentence patterns
A verdict.
(1) The protagonist Gu is/is the creator's endless hiding (the modal particle "Ye" indicates judgment)
(2) This is not a poem by Cao Mengde (negative judgment is the same as "non-"table).
(3) This non-Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang (using the "non-"table to deny the judgment)
(2) Inverted sentences
1. Adverbial Postposition Sentence
Travel under the Red Cliff/fish in Zhu Jiang/send ephemera to heaven and earth/stay in Yuntai/leave Dongshan in the month.
2. Preposition object sentence
What is this? /Are you safe now? /And what do you envy!
3. Attributive postposition sentence
Ling's vacancy/guest has a flute player.
passive sentence
This is not because Meng Zhizhi is trapped in (using "Yu" to express passivity)
Doubt question
What is (1) ("he" and "ye" indicate interrogative tone)
(2) Peace now (the modal particle "zai" means interrogative tone)
(3) A guest knows his husband's hidden feelings (the modal particle "Hu" indicates interrogative tone)
(4) this is not a poem ("Hu" means rhetorical tone).
Fourth, idioms
Feathering and flying like a wisp, sitting in danger and writing poetry.
That's what the dead do. They are in a mess, crying and complaining about their independence.
The artistic feature of Chibi Fu is the fusion of emotion, scenery and reason. Whether lyrical or argumentative, the full text never leaves the scenery on the river and the story of Chibi, forming a fusion of emotion, scenery and reason. From beginning to end, the scenery runs through, with romantic scenery as the main factor, supplemented by mountains and rivers. The author describes and discusses the wind and the moon. The article is divided into three layers to express the author's complex and contradictory inner world: first, writing about boating on the river on a moonlit night, drinking wine and writing poems, so that people are immersed in the beautiful scenery and forget the secular happy mood; From mourning the rise and fall of historical figures, I feel that life is short and changeable, so I fall into the depression of reality; Finally, the philosophy of change and invariance is expounded, which shows that human beings and everything exist forever and show an optimistic attitude towards life. Scenery, lyricism and reasoning have reached a harmonious level.
In this paper, the genre form of "prose as fu" not only retains the characteristics and charm of traditional poetry, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the shackles of the duality of sentence pattern and rhythm, and is more composed of prose, so that the article has both the profound charm of poetry and the incisive artistic conception of prose. The style of prose makes the whole article feel depressed and frustrated. For example, Fountain Fountain is different from Fu's emphasis on duality, and it is relatively more free. For example, at the beginning of the paragraph, "Autumn is endless, July is looking forward to it, perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff", and the whole article is full of loose sentences, which means sorting out. From the following to the end of the article, most of them rhyme, but the rhyme changes quickly, and the rhyme changes often in a paragraph, which makes this article especially suitable for reading, and the rhyme is very beautiful, which embodies the advantages of rhyme.
The image is coherent and the structure is rigorous. The coherence of scenery not only makes the whole article look like a whole in structure, but also communicates the emotional context and ups and downs of the whole article. Writing the scenery at the beginning is the emergence of the author's broad-minded optimism; Singing while Seizing the Boat was born out of the scenery of "emptiness" and "streamer", and the transition from "happiness" to "sadness"; Guests worry about the wind and moon, and their mood turns into depression and negativity; Finally, the discussion on the variation of all things and the philosophy of life is drawn from The Bright Moon and the Breeze, so as to dispel the sadness in my heart. The repeated interpenetration of the scenery does not give people the feeling of repetition and procrastination at all. Instead, it shows the ups and downs of the characters, reproduces the changing process of the author's ambivalence, and finally achieves the unity of poetry and discussion.
In autumn and July, perilla and her guests are boating under Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy. (Feng Tong: adopted)
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " Guests have oral sex and rely on songs to make peace. Its voice is whiny, like resentment, like crying; The sound is endless. It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Perilla was very sad and sat in danger and asked the guest, "What is it?" The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, wearing a flag, drinking wine and singing poems across the river, and became a hero in the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, making friends with fish, shrimp and elk, keeping a boat and keeping bottles for each other. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. I couldn't understand it at the moment, but I heard about it in Hengtai. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things are infinite to me, so why envy them! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are wonderful to hear and beautiful to meet. It is the creator's endless hiding place, and my son and I are in the right place. " (* * * Suitable for one work: * * Food)
So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean again and poured it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white.
The knowledge points of classical Chinese in "Red Cliff Fu" sort out and summarize relevant articles;
★ High school compulsory two classical Chinese knowledge points induction.
★ The original text of the classical Chinese "Red Cliff Fu" in Senior Two.
★ Summary of classical Chinese knowledge points in college entrance examination
★ Gao Er Chinese Classical Chinese Chibi Fu
★ Reflection Summary of Red Wall Fu
★ Induction of two compulsory knowledge points of Chinese in senior high school.
★ After practicing the questions and answers in Chibi Fu, practice the classical Chinese in Chibi Fu.
★ Notes on Classical Chinese Translation of Chibi Fu
★ High school compulsory Chinese and classical Chinese common sense induction.
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