There are no good traveling companions in the hotel; The sad heart seems to have solidified. Recalling the cold light and returning to my hometown to recall the past; Like a flock of lost geese.
The road to my hometown is too far away. I will come back at dawn, and the letter from home will not be sent to this place until next year. The Cangjiang River in the moonlight, the scenery is so beautiful, and the fishing boat is in front of my house.
Translation rhyming translation
No good travel companion staying in a hotel; Melancholy is like solidification.
Recall the past of my hometown in front of the cold lamp; Like a lonely goose that has lost its flock, it wakes up and goes to sleep.
My hometown is too far away to dream of dawn; It has been a year since the letter from home was sent to the hotel.
I really envy the misty moon outside the Cangjiang River. The fisherman's boat was tied in front of his house.
literal translation
There are no intimate friends in the hotel, so I meditate quietly alone.
Recalling the past before the cold lamp, the sound of lonely geese awakens the lonely dream.
The country road is long, and the dream soul will not return until dawn. Letters from my family won't arrive here until next year.
The moonlight on Cangjiang River is smoky, and the scenery is so beautiful. There are fishing boats tied in front of my house.
To annotate ...
(1) Good companion: good friend.
⑵ Concentration: Concentrate on meditation. Quietly: A sad face. This means melancholy.
(3) Cold lamp: weak cold lamp. Here refers to leaning under a cold lamp. Nostalgia: nostalgia.
(4) Broken geese: the stray geese in the group refer to the lonely geese that are lost in the group. Wake up.
5. Dreaming far away: it means that the dream of returning home is when the dream invades the dawn. The dream of returning home is far away and the time of hating dreams is short. It's easier to hate a letter from home after a long time. Dawn: Dawn. Cangjiang: refers to the river in general, and is called Xiangjiang River.
Good smoky month: refers to the beautiful scenery in the early spring of the following year.
(7) door: in front of the door.
Creation background
This poem may have been written by the author when he was released to work in Jiangxi. The poet has been away from home for a long time and stayed in a hotel. Without a bosom friend, it is difficult to pass on letters from home. On a sad night, he couldn't help missing his hometown. So I wrote this homesick poem.
But there is doubt that this poem is not in Fan Chuan's anthology, but in Fan Chuan's anthology, supplemented by Song people. In the last two sentences, the complete works of Tang poetry are written as "the Xiangjiang River is full of smoke and moon, and the fishing boat is moored here, under my door". Du Mu has never set foot in Xiangjiang River, so it is doubtful whether this poem was written by Du Mu, and the academic circles support the view that the author is Du Mu.
works appreciation
This is a masterpiece of homesickness. Being away for a long time, I appreciate the fishing boats outside the hotel. You hate homesickness, that's really sad. The meaning of "I woke up from a misty dream at dawn, I read it, and a year later, the news came from home" on the necklace is tortuous and multi-layered. This is really a motto full of tests and tribulations.
From the first couplet, you can directly solve the problem, point out the situation, and feel homesick. As you can imagine, long-term away from home, alone in a foreign land, without a bosom friend, the letter from home will arrive every other year. At this time, lonely guests feel homesick for the cold light and will definitely fall into deep depression. "I am locked in loneliness and sadness" is the best portrayal of the attitude of the lyric hero in this situation and scene: he still faces the cold light, concentrates on being alone, feels sad, and writes the poet's thoughts to the extreme.
Zhuanliancheng is the embodiment of the first couplet "I am locked with loneliness and sadness". The poet is in love with the scenery, accompanied by lonely lights on a cold night, and misses the past of the old year in his hometown. The lonely geese are singing, and the travelers are deeply worried and sleepless, and they carefully describe a homesick picture of lonely guests on a cold night. The words "think" and "police" are very refined. Lights can't think, but they have to worry about old things, especially things, on cold nights. Why can't people? From the lamp to the person, obviously, the original intention is that the person is not in the thing. The word "police" is also very emotional. Passers-by have a lonely lamp, sleepless at night, and geese crow, which leads lonely guests to worry about their wives' dreams and makes it difficult to think back.
The first couplet and the couplet say that the countryside is far away and full of sadness. I dreamed that I came home. Because of the long journey, it was dawn when I woke up, and my letters were sent to the hotel every other year, which showed that I was far away from my hometown and expressed my deep yearning for my hometown.
The rotation of the neck joint, with the combination of imaginary words, reality and fantasy, shows the poet's resentment that he has no hope of returning home because of his unbearable sadness in this scene. My hometown is thousands of miles away, and I can only meet in my dream. Maybe it's a short dream, maybe it's a long dream, but it's early morning when I wake up. Between the lines, the bitterness of short dreams and long feelings is revealed. And all this is because of the fact that "I was studying a year late and there was news at home". As a transition from scenery description to lyricism in poetry, the bitterness and sorrow in dreams are also empty and real, and there is reality in the empty, which is thrilling to read with the characteristics of reality versus emptiness.
The combination of tail and tail is very powerful, but it does not directly express the meaning of chest. Instead, I use imaginary words to outline the beautiful life picture of my hometown, melt my feelings into the scenery, express my feelings through the scenery, and melt my strong homesickness into the beautiful scenery of my hometown. The Cangjiang River is misty, the clouds are light and the wind is light, the moonlight is harmonious, and fishing boats are tied outside the house, which is a beautiful, quiet and peaceful hometown scenery. Although there are no figures in the picture, a fishing boat quietly tied outside the house has rich associations. In the face of such a beautiful picture of hometown, no one can dream of it, let alone a poet far from home! Hometown is thousands of miles away, and it is difficult for travelers to return. Such a beautiful hometown not only did not comfort the poet, but deepened his homesickness. This is a typical example of setting off sadness with a happy scene. It's really sad to be thoughtful about the beautiful scenery and feel homesick. Except for a person from China, it is difficult for anyone to deeply taste a kind of China feelings. However, "smoke month" is actually a metonymy here, not necessarily "smoke" or "month". As the saying goes, the image of literary works is greater than the thought. Here, a "smoking moon" can cause different travelers to think about women and produce different image associations, thus producing a strong artistic appeal.
Neck couplets and tail couplets seem to jump out of homesickness and admire the leisure of Cangjiang fishing boats outside the door. In fact, they borrowed things from other places to express the poet's homesickness in a more tortuous way. The whole poem is promoted layer by layer, and the scenery and lyric are unique.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (AD 803-853), whose real name was "Fan Chuan lay man", was called Du. Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi) was a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. (Source: Zhongshu Province is also called the province, so it is called "Du") In the late Tang Dynasty, Tang writers later called Du Fu "Lao Du" and Du Mu "Xiao Du". A (Mu) Fu is also quite famous.
Du Mu is an outstanding poet and essayist. He is the grandson of Prime Minister Du You and the son of Du You. Tang Wenzong Daiwa was a scholar at the age of 26 in the second year, and was awarded the title of school librarian. Later, I went to Jiangxi to observe the envoys, turned to Huainan to observe the envoys, and then entered the envoys. Xi Chui Zhun, the Ministry of Food, Bibi Department and Si Xun, served as the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu, and finally became the official of Chinese calligraphy. Outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty, especially those famous for their seven-character quatrains, mainly expressed their feelings by chanting history. Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from Du Fu and Li Bai, the poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu were called "Little Du Li".
Du Mu's literary creation has many achievements, including poetry, prose and ancient prose. He advocates giving priority to the meaning of the text, supplemented by qi, and taking words as a defense, and has a correct understanding of the relationship between the content and form of his works. And it can absorb and melt the strengths of predecessors and form its own special style. In poetry creation, Du Mu is as famous as Li Shangyin, another outstanding poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and is called "Little Du Li". Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, his classical poems have a wide range of themes and bold brushwork. His modern poems are famous for their beautiful words and ups and downs. The seven-law "Early Wild Goose" expresses the nostalgia for the people in the northern frontier displaced by the Uighur invasion, and it has a graceful and lingering taste. "Ascending the Mountain in Nine Days" writes his broad-minded mind in a bold style, but it also contains deep sadness. The general trend of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty is gorgeous and dense, and Du Mu is influenced by the atmosphere of the times and also pays attention to the use of words. This tendency of rhetoric is combined with his personal characteristics of "heroic and heroic", which is elegant, magnificent and exquisite.
Du Mu saw all kinds of internal and external troubles of the Tang Empire and wanted to make a difference in politics. He pays attention to "the trace of the rise and fall of chaos, the matter of wealth, the danger of terrain, and the gains and losses of the ancients" (Li Zhongcheng's Book). He is good at discussing soldiers, and he has written May 16th Guards, Crime Words, On War, Defense Theory and Sun Tzu's Art of War. When he was a local official, he also did some good things for the people. Some of his works show some patriotic thoughts and feelings. In the first year of Wenzong, the court sent troops to suppress the disobedient buffer region of Cangzhou. He wrote "Poems of Feeling for the Heart", lamenting that the people's livelihood was haggard because of the separatist regime in the buffer region since the Anshi Rebellion, and wanted to do something for the country. The poem "Duyin County" directly expresses his ideal and ambition: "For his wife, don't go to the mountains to hide?" All my life, I am willing to mend clothes. Xiange teaches Zhao Yan, and Lan Zhi bathes in Hehuang. When the smell is swept away, it is fierce. Live but sleep, and live a rich life. "Another example is Hehuang, a poem: Yuan Zai" xianggong "once borrowed a note, and Xian Zong also paid attention to it. I went to the east market when I saw the clothes, but suddenly I left my bow and arrow to inspect the west market. Although the shepherd drives the horse, he is willing to serve and do his best. Only Liangzhou song and dance are popular with idle people. Through the irrecoverable incident of Hehuang, the poet expressed his infinite grief and indignation at the chaos of state affairs and the decline of national strength. At this time, no one in the court even thought about recovering Hehuang like Yuan Zai. Although the people of Hehuang are still under military uniform with the heart of caring for the motherland, the people of the whole country are listening to the songs and dances from Liangzhou in Hehuang with an insensitive and drunken attitude. His poem "Huaqing Palace": "The rain and dew are in the golden hole, and Gan Kun is drunk in his hometown" also has the same sad mood as the last two sentences of this poem. The poem "Early Wild Goose" uses the technique of comparison to symbolize the frontier people with wild geese: the golden river opens in autumn and the strings are half open, and the clouds fly away in shock. On the moonlit night, geese pass the dew, and the mournful sound reaches the dark palace of the palace. You know, legal cigarettes in the north can no longer go home with spring breeze. Please don't abandon a few people in Xiaoxiang. The moss in the water can avoid hunger and cold.
The scattered grief symbolizes the border people who fled back to the motherland under the ravages of Uighur aggression. This poem not only shows sympathy for the refugees, but also implies that the rulers are indifferent to them. The Palm of God and Nagato are not ordinary embellishments, and Do you pursue the spring breeze is not just a natural phenomenon of Hongyan's spring return to Qiu Lai. The ideological content and realistic background of these two poems are similar to those of Bai Juyi's Binrongman and Xiliang Geisha, but they are more concise.
His epic is also famous. Some poems satirize the rulers' arrogance and extravagance through historical themes. For example, there are two poems in Crossing the Qing Palace:
Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn. As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.
Xinfeng green trees have yellow dust, and I have ridden Yuyang several times to explore the messenger. They lied about their military situation, and Tang Gaozong and Yang Guifei still indulged in singing and dancing until the Anshi Rebellion arose and the Central Plains was broken.
This poem implicitly and powerfully satirizes the dissolute enjoyment of the late Tang emperor through the well-known story of the Tang emperor Yang Guifei. His creative intention is completely consistent with his dissatisfaction with Epanggong Fu. Some of his other historical works have obvious historical characteristics. For example, the poem "Red Cliff" says: "The east wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the bronze finches lock Er Qiao in spring." "Wujiang Pavilion" poem: "man of great talent, the son of Jiangdong, has made a comeback." They are all original comments on the key issues of success or failure in history. His historical quatrains were later imitated by many scholars.
Du Mu's seven-character quatrains in lyrical scenery writing have made great artistic achievements. For example:
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills. More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
-"Jiangnan Spring"
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
-"Bo Qinhuai"
In the distance, there are cold mountains, oblique stone paths and people in the depths of white clouds. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
-"Hiking"
These poems are beautiful, vivid and melodious, which shows that he is brilliant and full of vitality. The first two songs also reveal sadness about current events in the landscape. However, there are also some works with unhealthy thoughts and feelings in his poems, some of which are full of personal sadness and lack of ideal brilliance. Poems such as Farewell, Farewell and Sighing Flowers are all devoted to describing the decadent life of prostitutes. Drinking for sex is a popular trend among scholars in the Tang Dynasty, and Du Mu's poems are praised by later scholars who do nothing. These works are undoubtedly the dross in his poems. Du Mu's poems pay more attention to ideology. He believes that the article should be "based on meaning, supplemented by qi, and defended by words and sentences" (a reply to Zhuang Chongshu). He spoke highly of Du Li, saying that "Du Li is endless" and "Du's works are full of gloomy clouds, which seems to tickle Qian Ma-gu". On the one hand, his Preface to Li's Poems affirms that Li's poems are "descendants of Sao", and at the same time, he points out that he lacks the thinking of Li Sao, that is, "talk things over with the monarch and ministers" and "urge people to desire". He said that his creation is "dedicated to poetry, striving for perfection, not surprising, not vulgar, not for the present, not for the past, but for the middle" ("Dedicating Poetry"). From these words, we can see his ideas in poetry theory and his active pursuit in creation. However, in his creative practice, his poems written in flowery words obviously contradict his idea of "nothing strange but common".