About the details of money, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, the poem of money
Wu Menchun sent Li Sheng back to Chang 'an. After Jinling watched chess, there were six poems about Jinling watching chess, one of the first works of Jinling Qiuba Caotang, the first choice of the West Lake, and the fallen leaves of a pottery collection in Hesheng. Wu Menchun sent Li Shengjiu back, and the West Lake was six mistakes. Eight Poems from Autumn Cottage in Jinling, The Second Poem on the First Day of July, Twelve Poems Encountered with the Gods, Ancient Poems for the King of New Town, Fourteen Farewell Plays, Rain beyond the Great Wall, Ten Eulogies for the Painting of Willow Boat, Mystery of West Lake, Deviation between Square Robe and Unique Corner Scarf, etc.
Second, the evaluation
Qian is a person with complex thoughts and distinct personality. In his body, there is no lack of the habit of celebrating the birthday of the late Ming people, but he always shows a serious face of maintaining traditional morality; He once claimed to be a "clean stream", but because he was keen on fame and fortune, he repeatedly fell into the political whirlpool, leaving a stigma of flattering the party and reducing corruption; In fact, his concept of loyalty to the monarch is not persistent (the poem "The Road to the Cemetery in Xuan Lu" says: "What is the end of life?" ), but engaged in anti-Qing activities after the Qing dynasty, trying to rebuild their own life value in traditional morality. This dilemma and capricious embarrassing state not only caused psychological bitterness to itself, but also was reprimanded by adherents of the Ming Dynasty and hated by emperors of the Qing Dynasty. In him, it reflects the contradiction of some literati's attitude towards life during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Emperor Qianlong listed money as the first in the Biography of Two Ministers of Ming Dynasty, and ironically said that he "talked about righteousness all his life, and his second surname was king, and he was unable to advance and retreat, and his article was bright." This is really a wine jar. I often see sachets, and I escaped to the end of Zen. It turned out to be Meng Balang. "Although a bit too much, it can be seen that the money in a dilemma at that time was not only ashamed of the former power, but also dissatisfied with his integrity and personality in the Qing Dynasty.
Three. life
In the thirty-eight years of Wanli (16 10), he was a scholar, edited by the Imperial Academy, tried Zhejiang in the apocalypse, and Chunfang turned to Zhongyun, and participated in the compilation of "The Record of Gods". After the Lindong Party case in Luo Zhi, Wei Zhongxian, who was implicated, was cut from his post. Qian was a scholar in thirty-eight years of Wanli until his death in seventeen years of Chongzhen. During the thirty-five years before and after, there were three ups and downs, spiraling forward and losing. All the terms of office added up to only about five or six years, let alone any political achievements. His fame is due to his outstanding literary talent, and he is known as one of the three outstanding men in Jiangzuo. Because he had participated in the activities of Lindong Party against Wei Zhongxian Eunuch Party, he was also regarded as one of the leaders of the literati. As the leader of Lindong Party in the late Ming Dynasty, he was already influential. In August of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Zhu Youxiao died in Mingxi and Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne in four cases. He was reassigned to North Korea. In the second year (the first year of Chongzhen), in July, I was summoned to the north and became the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. But three months later, "I am modest about pushing the ministers' style and benevolence, and Zhou Yanru, the assistant minister, and then I will name myself and courtship." Tijen pursued the theory of modesty and benefit, and tried to take money from Zhejiang for thousands of years and give it to redeem. Tijen bribed Zhang Hanru, a native of Changshu, and was modest, greedy and illegal. Qian Yi turned to the eunuch for help and executed Han Ru. Tieren became ill and his modesty was reduced. After returning to Changshu, I had a good relationship with a scholar named Cheng Jiasui, and often drank and recited poems together. It is recorded in the Ming Dynasty: "Cheng Jiasui was born in Xiuning, Yangmeng, and lived in Jiading. Be good at painting. With Gu Shan in Tongzhou. My friend advised me to cross the river and stay in the ancient temple, drink with the drinkers for three days and three nights, and write five chapters of Ode to the Ancient, but I didn't see my modesty and returned. During the Chongzhen period, Qian, a native of Changshu, retired as an assistant minister, built a coupling farm hall and invited him to study there. After studying for ten years, I returned to Xiuning and died. He is 79 years old. Qian values his poems most, saying that the poems of Song and Yuan Dynasties are old. " At the beginning of Shunzhi, he was arrested and imprisoned for being involved in Jiangyin Huang Uprising, and was released the following year. Naturally, I stayed at home, built a crimson cloud building and proofread my works with books. Poetry was quite famous at that time, and the southeast area was regarded as "literate Sect". In the forty-four years of Qianlong (1779), Qian's works were listed as "the poems of absurd writers" and all of them were deleted from the county annals. His works include Collection of Beginners, Collection of Scholars, Collection of Throwing Pen, A Brief History of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, Poems of Past Dynasties, Collection of Internal Classics, etc. 1664, Qian died in Hangzhou at the age of 83 and was buried at the southern foot of Yushan Mountain.
Qian, a famous bibliophile, has made friends all over the world. When I was young, I liked rare books of ancient books and was famous for its rich collection of books. After the death of the bibliophile Zhao, all the books in his "Selling Wang Guan" belonged to him, with 20,000 gold. I also bought books of famous bibliophiles such as Liu Feng's _ Zaige, Qian's "Hanging Room" and Yang Yi's "Seven Mountain Rooms", including more than 10,000 copies of Tang manuscripts, Song and Yuan manuscripts and rare manuscripts. At the same time, he spared no expense to collect ancient books extensively. The library in front of the door can be on an equal footing with the royal family, surpassing the library of Zhu, Zhu and Zhu. Therefore, I am more willing to buy ancient books, so that "booksellers can tie up the burden without a false day." Yuan Shu in Suiyang is a famous collector in the north in the late Ming Dynasty, and a master of collecting works of Dong Yuan and Ju Ran so far in history. Qian Ceng praised him as "Suiyang Yuan Boying, the son of a famous minister (the history of the Ministry of War), a master of literature and art, rich in literature and art" (Qian's Preface to Yuan Boying's South Expedition). Qian attached importance to Yuan's collection and gave his poems to each other. There are many old paintings from Song and Yuan Dynasties in Qian's collection, so he took the trouble to look around. This book, The Book of the Han Dynasty, which was bought by Wang Mingshizhen at the price of a manor, was later scattered among the people for some reason, that is, money was tracked and inquired for several years, and finally it was found at a high price of 1,200 gold. When the money people reached middle age, they built a "landscape room" to store books. In his later years, he lived in "Red Bean Villa" and built a new "Jiang Yun Lou", which means "Jiang Yun is really glorious, and the immortals are dying", and named his book building "Jiang Yun Lou". Among them, there are unique copies carved in the Song Dynasty, and there are also many cheats. Its library has been renovated and divided into 73 cabinets, claiming: "I am late and poor, but books can be rich." Scholars say that "the wealth of books is nothing more than money." He also revised and catalogued the books collected in his life. As a result, he filled 73 cabinets and stored them in the building. Looking at a room full of books, Qian said with emotion, "Although I am late and poor, the books are rich." In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), a girl and a wet nurse were playing in the bookstore, and the candle accidentally fell into the paper pile and caught fire. Claiming to be the fire of Jiang Yunlou, Emperor Liang Yuan of Jiangling burned books, and Wenyuan Pavilion of Li Zicheng burned books, which are the "three great books". It is said that when the library caught fire, money directed the flames and shouted, "Heaven can burn the books in my room, but not the books in my stomach." Afterwards, he said bitterly: "The Shenjia Rebellion was a great robbery of ancient and modern classics, and the fire of Gengyin in my family was a small robbery of Jiangzuo classics. Qian is well-read and proficient in version catalogue. Cao Rong's Bibliography Inscription of Jiangyunlou said: "Every book of Zongbo can tell what the old version looks like and what the new version looks like. The difference between the two is geometric, which makes it uncomfortable to look up. For others, this is far from a good book. " But at the same time, he also pointed out that his book collection is too paranoid: "A book collection must be published in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, without taking neighbors' engravings and notes. Although it has been copied by Mei, Ye Shilin and Sanshenji. , it is not an old painting and is not included in the catalogue; I am so proud of myself, so proud of him, I refuse to lend it out. "Lian" has a thread, which will never be seen again after it is burned. "There is another episode: money is closely related to Cao Rong. When Cao was in the capital, there were six or seven thousand kinds of books listed in his class. Qian often goes to Cao's residence to read books. Whenever he sees that his family is short of money, he always borrows money, so Cao hopes that one day he can borrow books. Cao Cao asked Qian again, "Since you have Lu Zhen's Records of Nine Kingdoms and Ten Kingdoms, you would like to borrow them from Jiangnan." "Qian made a promise for a while, but later regretted it:" I don't have these two books at home. " When the crimson cloud was on fire, Cao Rong came to hang on to the disaster. Qian Fang said regretfully, "I am addicted to books as my life, and I am afraid I will lose it because of borrowing them." I wanted the Chronicle of the Nine Kingdoms and the Chronicle of the Ten Kingdoms, but I took them and didn't borrow them. This book will never be published again. "If you keep the money, you can give me the rest." After the fire in Jiangyun Building, Qian compiled it into "Bibliography of Jiangyun Building" in 4 volumes, with addendum 1 volume. The bibliography is divided into 73 categories and 4 parts, among which geography and Catholicism are added, which are not found in private bibliographies of the same generation. Recorded more than 3300 kinds of books. There are many rare books, and it is important to leave more than 270 inscriptions, which is helpful to understand the versions and lost ancient books. In his later years, he married a talented concubine, Wei Liu, and Liu Ye was able to collect books and have many inscriptions. After the death of Qian, the books were looted and Liu was forced to hang himself. There are many records about the Song and Yuan editions in the bibliography, which is a precious private library catalogue. Muzhai Bibliography 1 Volume. In addition to Jianglou, Qian also has a small collection of books in his old East City, including Song editions. , plus the parts he collected later, all belonged to his family Sun Qianzeng after his death. The collection is printed with "Qian Yin" and "Crimson Cloud". There is a draft of Ming history, which was destroyed by fire. He is the author of Pastoral Poetry Copy, Study Tour Collection, First Snow Collection and Pen Collection, and the clear edition is banned. In addition, there are 10 notes on Shurangama Sutra and Diamond Sutra.
In the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1639) 12, Qian saw Liu's poem "Eight Poems of the West Lake" at the Wangs' home and praised "Peach Blossoms are Beautiful". So he was invited to visit the West Lake with Liu. From then on, Qian compared Liu to Zhuo Wenjun, and Liu compared Qian to Ma Rong, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty who was "proficient in both talent and learning" and "proficient in classics". He said: "Only a bachelor in Yushan can be talented, and I will not marry a bachelor." At this time, the widowed money replied, "There are women who have pity on me, and I am not a unmarried person." In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Xin Si (A.D. 164 1) married Liu on the seventh day of June. This matter was quite controversial among the literati at that time. "The desecration of the famous palace vessels hurt the system of scholars and doctors." On March 19th, the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Shen Jia and Dashun Army captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park and died in Ming Dynasty. In April, the Qing soldiers entered the customs and occupied Beijing. On May 15, Wang Mingfu Zhu Yousong was located in Nanjing and renamed Hong Guang. At this time, Qian took advantage of the relationship between his wife Liu and Ruan Dacheng to get the position of Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites. According to Nanming unofficial history, "Money (modesty) amuses itself by debauchery, which leads to the end of the road and dishonor. This is not only for Ruan Dacheng, but also for his concubine Liu. Ruan presented a crown of pearls worth thousands. Qian ordered Liu Ji to thank Ruan and moved Ruan. Its ugliness is disgusting. " In the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, in May of the first year of Hong Guang (A.D. 1645), the Qing army approached Nanjing. Liu advised the money to be righteous, but the money refused. "May yiyou change, you advised ZongBo death, ZongBo can't. You tried to sink into the pool, but you couldn't hold on. " On may 15, Qian was not only shy, but also shaved. Shi Dun's Miscellaneous Notes on Fear: "Yu Wang (Duoduo) went to Jiangnan and ordered a haircut, which made everyone angry. Qian Muzhai suddenly said,' The scalp itches.' Stand up. Man is still called his grate head. Soon, I came in (kūn, Yin Kun, shaved his hair). "At that time, Yue, the governor of Henan Province and Yuan Shu, the commander of Henan Military Region, who had made good friends with money, swore not to keep their promises and died of hunger strike one after another. Hong Guang regime perished in Nanming. Qiu and Qian Bei are the envoys of the Ming Dynasty. Liu stayed in Nanjing. Peter said north, Liu Shi adultery, son angry, official punishment. And return, denounce his son, don't meet each other. It is said that the country is ruined, but the literati can't be full of festivals and can't protect themselves from a woman. This statement can be described as flat and forgiving. "In June of the third year of Qing Shunzhi (AD 1646), Qian lied that he was ill and returned to Nanjing, and took Liu back to Changshu. Ding Hai, in the fourth year of Qing Shunzhi, was dragged down by the Xie Bi case in Zichuan, and Qian was arrested in the north and put into the prison of punishments. Accompanied by helping the patient, Liu wrote a letter to express his feelings and vowed to die or avoid death for him. In April of the fifth year of Qing Shunzhi, Qian was detained in Nanjing prison because of his involvement in the Huang case. After Liu, please go all out to rescue and ask for money to mediate, so as to avoid disaster. After he was released from prison, he was placed in Suzhou and lodged in Humble Administrator's Garden. Qing Shunzhi was ugly for six years. He returned to Changshu from Suzhou and moved into Hongdu Villa. On the surface, he stayed at home, checked his works with books, and secretly contacted the anti-Qing and anti-Ming forces in the southwest and southeast waters. In the summer of his death (the third year of Kangxi), Qian couldn't afford to get sick, and the funeral expenses were still missing. It happened that Gu from Yantai came to ask for three pieces and promised to give Runbi 1200 two pieces of silver. At this time, money is no longer available for writing articles, so we have to ask visiting Huang Lizhou (Zong) to write a ghost. Huang Lizhou declined slightly. In desperation, Qian had to lock Huang in his study and force Huang Zongxi to finish three articles overnight, which solved the funeral expenses. Huang Zongxi's "Nanlei Poetry Calendar" and "Eight Sorrow Poems" (fifth) wrote: "After 50 years of alliance between the four seas, who will pass on the heart? If you burn candles, you will be asked to pay your debts. Red beans float on the moon, and beauty is heartbroken. Who is a bosom friend? Can you not be public? " Mr. Chen Yinque also said objectively: "The decline of grazing is a stain on his life. But this is also due to its natural cowardice and forced by the situation. It is unreasonable to say that it must be persuaded forever. " Before he died, he shouted, "Isn't it too late to die on the first day?" (According to Gu Gongxie's "Leisure in Summer") In the early Qing Dynasty, Yu Chenglong, Tang Bin and other literati who were slaves of the Manchu Dynasty forgot to call themselves Neo-Confucianism, just to deceive the world and steal their fame. Judging from Qian's later performance, he was unwilling to surrender to the Qing Dynasty to save his life. Qian's surname in his early years has friends all over the world. When I was young, I liked precious ancient books. He once bought the old collections of Liu Feng, Qian, Yang Yi and Zhao Yongxian in the Ming Dynasty, so he did not hesitate to buy ancient books, so that there were many old paintings from the Song and Yuan Dynasties in Qian's collection, so he took the trouble to look around. This book, The Book of the Han Dynasty, which was bought by Wang Mingshizhen at the price of a manor, was later scattered among the people for some reason, that is, money was tracked and inquired for several years, and finally it was found at a high price of 1,200 gold. When Qianren reached middle age, he built a study here. In his later years, he lived in Hongdu Villa, built a new Jiangyun Building, and revised and catalogued the books he collected all his life. As a result, he installed 73 cabinets and stored them in the building. Looking at a room full of books, Qian said with emotion, "Although I am late and poor, the books are rich." Unfortunately, just ten days later, due to careless cutting of candles, a fire broke out at home, and all the books in Jiangyun Building were burned. It is said that when the library caught fire, money directed the flames and shouted, "Heaven can burn the books in my room, but not the books in my stomach." Afterwards, he said bitterly: "The Shenjia Rebellion was a great robbery of ancient and modern classics, and the fire of Gengyin in my family was a small robbery of Jiangzuo classics.
Fourth, achievements
As a poet, he initiated the poetic style of Qing Dynasty. He had a lot of contacts with the famous poet Suiyang Yuan Shu. At that time, it was said that "the former and the latter seven scholars, the latter poetry school declined, the pastoral clan rose, the poet lived alone, and the world was right." His profound learning and rich spirit are enough to cover all the scholars. His poems are beautiful and elegant, harmonious and strong, sighing but not narrow, talking about things widely but not arrogant, and his vowels are beautiful, which is the highest among poets! "("Ling Fengxiang Beginner's Preface ")
As a historian, Qian wrote five volumes of Dialectical Records of Taizu in his early years, determined to complete the national history privately. In the first year of Hong Guang and the third year of Shunzhi, he tried to compile Ming History twice. Although he failed to do so for various reasons, people think that "Yushan (money) still exists, and the national history is not dead", which shows that his historical talent is highly respected.
As an essayist, Qian is famous all over the world, and is known as a "contemporary writer". Huang Lizhou's Records of Loyalty and Righteousness is the most famous figure in the literary world after Shi Zhecun.
As a bibliophile, Qian got four books, Liu Feng, Qian, Yang Yi and Zhao Yongxian, and even bought ancient books at a high price, built the "Jiang Yun Lou" and collected the orphan books of the Song and Yuan Dynasties on it, "accumulating _ _, making achievements".
In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (AD 16 10), he was a scholar. Ten years later, it was only in the first year of the Apocalypse that the official was "replenished". However, he was soon impeached by Chen, an imperial envoy, and was dismissed, and ordered to cut his books and return to the south. At that time, on the one hand, his mood was disheartened: "The world outside the door moved to the other side of the road, and the snow on the bridge was embarrassing"; On the one hand, I want to retire to the countryside: "Coupling the old and the high, taking the moon with me."