You love me, or you don't love me, love is there, neither increasing nor decreasing; You follow me, or you don't follow me, my hand is in your hand, don't give up; This is a passage that Xu Zhimo once said. Xu Zhimo was an influential writer who was once active in the literary world of China. His world outlook is not dominant, or he is a "poet without party affiliation" who transcends class. His thoughts, creative features and development trend all show that he is a bourgeois poet. The development and changes of his thoughts and the different situations before and after his creation are related to the social and historical characteristics at that time.
Xu Zhimo (1897.1.15 ~1931.19) is a modern poet and essayist. Han nationality, Shi Xia Town, Haining City, Zhejiang Province. Xu Zhimo is Jin Yong's cousin. Formerly known as Zhang Yi, it was renamed Zhimo when studying in the United States. Used pen names: Nanhu, Shi Zhecun, Gu,,, Xianhe, Delete Me, Xinshou, Huanggou, Huan, etc. Xu Zhimo is a representative poet of Crescent School and a member of Crescent Poetry Society. 19 15 graduated from Hangzhou No.1 Middle School and studied in Shanghai Hujiang University, Tianjin Beiyang University and Peking University successively. 19 18 went to the United States to study banking. 192 1 year went to study in Britain and joined Cambridge university as a special student to study political economy. During my two years in Cambridge, I was deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetic poets in Europe and America.
Xu Shi's poems are fresh, harmonious in rhythm, novel in metaphor, rich in imagination, beautiful in artistic conception, elegant in thought and full of changes. He pursues neatness and splendor in artistic form and has a distinct artistic personality. He is a representative poet of the Crescent School. His prose is also unique and has achieved no less achievements than poetry. Among them, Self-Anatomy, Want to Fly, Cambridge as I Know It and Chatting in Yushan Residence are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
I studied at home when I was a child. At the age of eleven, he entered Shi Xia Kaizhi School, studied under Zhang Shusen, and laid the foundation of China ancient literature, with the highest grade in his class.
19 10, when Xu Zhimo was fourteen years old, he left his hometown and went to [1] Hangzhou. On the recommendation of my uncle Shen Junru, I was admitted to the High School Attached to Hangzhou (19 13 was renamed as Zhejiang No.1 Middle School, now Hangzhou Senior High School in Zhejiang Province), and I was in the same class as Yu Dafu. He loves literature, and published a paper "On the Relationship between Fiction and Society" in the first issue of the school magazine "Friends", thinking that novels are beneficial to society and "should be promoted as much as possible", which is the first work in his life. At the same time, he is interested in science. And published articles such as Radium Ingot and the History of the Earth.
19 15 In the summer, Xu Zhimo graduated from Zhejiang No.1 Middle School and later entered Shanghai Baptist College and Theological Seminary (predecessor of Hujiang University, now Shanghai University of Technology). In the same year 10, he was arranged by his family to marry Zhang Youyi, the daughter of Zhang Runzhi, the richest man in Luodian County. Xu Zhimo, who is active by nature, did not finish the course of Baptist College with peace of mind. 19 16 autumn, left Shanghai and went to Tianjin Beiyang University (Tianjin University) to study law. The following year, the law department of Beiyang University was merged into Peking University, and Xu Zhimo was transferred to Peking University. During his two years in the north, he added new contents to his life and injected new factors into his thoughts. In this institution of higher learning, he not only studied law, but also studied Japanese, French and political science, dabbled in Chinese and foreign literature, and ignited his interest in literature. During this period, he made many friends and met many celebrities. Introduced by Zhang Junmai and Zhang Gongquan, he worshipped Liang Qichao as his teacher. He also held a grand ceremony to learn from the teacher. Liang Qichao had a great influence on Xu Zhimo's life and played an important role in Xu Zhimo's mind. Although Liang Xu is a close master-apprentice relationship, there are still ideological differences between them. Xu Zhimo, who accepted the bourgeois idea of democracy and freedom, put down his body desperately to pursue his ideal life and strive for the freedom of marriage and love.
When he was a university student in the north, he personally experienced the scene of warlord scuffle and witnessed the slaughter of innocent people. He hates this society, "smearing purple at dusk all day in Xishan, and smearing the shame that this person has become a beast" (Xu Zhimo: the second battle song of "Man Becomes a Beast"). He is determined to study abroad, seek a prescription to change the reality of China and carry out his "ideal revolution".
Xu Zhimo left Peking University (19 14, August 2008, Xu Zhimo's "A Record of Going to America") with patriotic enthusiasm of "applying what he has learned to serve the country", and in June 2008, 19 14 left Shanghai to study in the United States. In the first year of studying abroad, I entered Hearst Clark University in the United States. He entered the history department and took sociology, economics, history and other courses in order to be a Hamilton of China in the future. Ten months after I entered school, I graduated with a bachelor's degree and a first-class honor award. However, he is not satisfied with this. That year, he transferred to the Graduate School of Columbia University in new york and entered the Department of Economics. Xu Zhimo has gained extensive knowledge of philosophy and politics. That year, the wave of the May 4th Revolution also spread to China students studying in the United States. Driven by patriotism, Xu Zhimo took part in patriotic activities organized by local students and often read magazines such as New Youth and Trendy. At the same time, his interest in learning gradually shifted from politics to literature, so he got a master's degree in literature.
Xu Zhimo stayed in the United States for two years, but he was tired of the madness, greed and material desire of the bourgeoisie in American capitalist society. He was attracted by the British philosopher Russell, and finally got rid of the temptation of a doctorate from Columbia University and bought a boat to cross the Atlantic. Unexpectedly, Russell's personal life changed unexpectedly, which made him unable to realize his long-cherished wish to learn from Russell. As a result, he spent half a year at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and he was bored and wanted to change his way. Thanks to Dickinson's introduction and recommendation, Xu Zhimo entered the Royal College of Cambridge University as a special student.
Xu Zhimo also lived in England for two years. His life in England, especially in Cambridge, had an important influence on his life's thought and was a turning point in the development of his thought. In Cambridge, he deeply felt that "the beauty and tranquility of nature, harmony unexpectedly drowned your soul in the tacit understanding of starlight and waves" (Xu Zhimo: Cambridge as I know it). Xu Zhimo is obsessed with Cambridge and nature because he thinks that the real society is ugly, life is painful and only nature is pure and beautiful. The best way to cure this society and people, as well as the embarrassment of current life, is to leave the degraded civilization and return to the simplicity of nature. Only by approaching nature can we restore human childlike innocence and alleviate social symptoms.
He received a bourgeois aristocratic education and a "smoking culture" in Cambridge. He worships England very much and likes Oxford and Cambridge very much. He likes to associate with British celebrities. He has extensively dabbled in all kinds of famous works in the world, and has also contacted various schools. During this period, his political ideas and social ideals were cultivated, and his self-consciousness-idealism was born. He himself will become an "unrepeatable individualist". The environment in Cambridge not only contributed to and formed his social outlook and outlook on life, but also aroused his thirst for knowledge and triggered his creative ideas. He began to translate literary works. He translated several short stories by British writer Mansfield, the novel The Swirl Boy by German Fogo, the stories of Wu Jiarang and Ni Alan in medieval France, the Dead City by Italian writer Danon Wu Xue, and the Gandhi by Voltaire. At the same time, he was full of poetry and wrote many poems. His "upsurge of spiritual revolution washed down on both sides of your charming river" (Xu Zhimo: Goodbye to Cambridge). His idols are no longer Hamilton in America, but Shelley and Byron in England. He changed his way and entered the ranks of poets.
19/kloc-married Zhang Youyi in 0/5,1divorced in Berlin in March, 922.
My love affair with Lin ended in vain, and then I met Lu Xiaoman.
Tanabata is China's Valentine's Day. On the day when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met, a long-discussed wedding was held in 1926 Beijing Beihai Park. Marry Lu Xiaoman, Hu Shi as an introducer and Liang Qichao as a witness.
19 15, the politician Zhang Junli proposed to his sister Zhang Youyi, and Xu Zhimo married a bride he had never met before. Zhang Youyi is dignified and kind, with the traditional feminine virtues of China. She respects her husband and in-laws, is virtuous and steady, and is good at housework. After marriage, I gave birth to two sons, who can teach each other.
Lin Zhou toured Europe. During her stay in England, she met Xu Zhimo, who was studying in England at that time. At that time, Xu Zhimo was already the father of a two-year-old child. Xu Zhimo was attracted by Lin's outstanding talent and beauty, and pursued Lin hard, even though he divorced his first wife, Zhang Youyi. But after rational thinking, Lin returned home with his father ahead of time and left without saying goodbye to Zhimo ... Xu Zhimo wrote to Lin in his famous poem "Accidental": "I am a cloud in the sky/occasionally projected on your wave/you don't need to be surprised/don't need to be happy/suddenly disappeared/you and I met in the dark sea/you have yours/I have mine. This is the best confession of Xu Zhimo's feelings for Lin. Love at first sight, go your own way rationally. This is a kind of pure feeling that is difficult to understand in the secular world.
After returning from studying abroad, Xu Zhimo often gets together with his friend Wang Geng. Wang Geng's wife Lu Xiaoman had a great influence on Xu Zhimo. Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman met and fell in love in the communication field in Beijing. Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman lived a romantic and comfortable life in their newly married days, although Xu's father and mother were still dissatisfied with Lu Xiaoman. Only in the later period, due to Lu Xiaoman's illness, Xu Shenru's refusal to accept it, the erosion of opium and many other reasons, Lu Xiaoman became more and more careless, lazy and playful, and lost his passion in love. It seems that she is no longer a spiritual woman. She gets up after noon every day, gropes in the bathroom for an hour, and then eats. Painting, writing letters and receiving visitors in the afternoon. I spend most of the evening dancing, playing cards and going to the opera. In order to please his wife, Xu Zhimo indulged her blindly. Although Lu Xiaoman was often verbally warned euphemistically, it had little effect. Later, Xu Zhimo's father, Xu Shenru, was extremely dissatisfied with Lu Xiaoman and made a clean break with the couple economically. It is unrealistic for Xu Zhimo to take money from his father. Therefore, he will give lectures at Guanghua University, Soochow University and Daxia University at the same time, and write poems after school to earn money. Even so, it is not enough for Lu Xiaoman to squander. From 1929, Xu Zhimo resigned from Soochow University and Daxia University and continued to teach at Guanghua University. From 1930, he also taught at Nanjing Central University, and served as editor of Zhonghua Book Company and director of the Sino-British Cultural Foundation. Shanghai and Nanjing travel back and forth. 1In the autumn of 930, when Lu Xiaoman was 29 years old, Xu Zhimo simply resigned from his posts in Shanghai and Nanjing. At the invitation of Hu Shizhi, he became a professor in Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University to make a living. 193 1 In the first half of the year, Xu Zhimo made eight trips between Shanghai and Beijing. At that time, the average annual salary was five yuan, while Xu Zhimo could earn several hundred dollars a year, but even so, it still could not satisfy Lu Xiaoman's extravagant expenses in the carnival.
As the main poet of the Crescent School, Xu Zhimo has a certain influence on the development history of China's new poetry, and has made various experiments and explorations for the development of new poetry. His poetry has a distinctive and unique style and certain artistic skills. As a person of that era, Xu Zhimo did everything that an ordinary intellectual could do. While pursuing his happy life, he also thought deeply about the fate of the country. His marriage with Zhang Youyi was the misfortune of that era. His marriage with Lu Xiaoman was mixed with too much material utility, and the faint affection between him and Lin was the most embarrassing.