Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture.
Chinese is a basic subject, which is of great significance for students to learn other subjects well, for their future work and further study, for carrying forward the excellent national culture, absorbing the progressive culture of mankind and improving the quality of the people.
Chinese teaching must carry out the national education policy and face modernization, the world and the future; We must take Marxism and scientific educational theory as guidance, integrate with practice, strengthen Chinese practice and improve teaching quality.
First, the purpose of education
On the basis of Chinese teaching in primary schools, further guide students to correctly understand and use Chinese, improve their reading, writing and oral communication abilities, stimulate students' sense of language and thinking, and form good Chinese learning habits.
In the teaching process, it is necessary to further cultivate students' patriotism, stimulate students' feelings of loving the Chinese language of the motherland, and cultivate socialist ideological and moral quality; Strive to broaden students' horizons, pay attention to cultivating students' innovative spirit, improve cultural taste and aesthetic taste, develop healthy personality, and gradually develop a sound personality.
Second, the teaching content and requirements
(1) reading
1, on the basis of primary school, expand literacy and know about 3,500 commonly used words.
2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin. Develop the habit of silent reading, with a certain speed (reading about 500 words per minute in general modern literature). Master the methods of intensive reading and skimming.
3. Perceive the text as a whole, understand the author's attitude, views and feelings, understand the content and ideas of the text, and understand the meaning and role of words in the language environment. I have my own experience in the content, language and writing of the text, and I can put forward my opinions or questions.
4, in the reporter's understanding of narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyricism and other expressions.
5. Learn to appreciate literary works, feel the images in the works and appreciate the beautiful and wonderful language.
6. Reading ancient poems and simple classical Chinese, you can understand the content with reference books and recite a certain number of famous articles.
7. Develop the habit of reading books and newspapers. Learn to browse, search, extract, make cards, write reading notes and other reading methods. Self-study after class is no less than 800,000 words per academic year (including 2-3 literary masterpieces).
8. Skillfully use commonly used dictionaries and dictionaries. Learn to use other tools and multimedia.
(2) Writing
9. Can write narrative, simple explanatory, simple argumentative and general practical writing.
10 according to the needs of writing, determine the content and center of expression, so as to achieve true feelings, specific content, clear center, fluent language, and pay attention to simplicity and appropriateness.
1 1, choose the appropriate expression, arrange the order and details of the content reasonably, and express your meaning clearly. Use association or imagination to enrich the expression. Encourage creative expression.
12, no typos, correct punctuation, correct format, standard, correct and neat handwriting.
13, get into the habit of observing and analyzing things around you, collect and accumulate language materials, and often make more changes.
14, the composition is generally not less than 14 times per academic year, the number of words is not less than 07000, and other writing exercises are not less than 10000 words. You can finish homework of about 500 words in 45 minutes.
Oral communication
15, oral communication should pay attention to civilization, natural attitude, respect each other, and pay attention to objects and occasions.
16, listen patiently and intently, understand the meaning of the other party, understand the intention, and grasp the center and main points.
17. Speak Mandarin with clear pronunciation, coherent sentences and clear organization, and be able to express your thoughts and feelings accurately and try to make the other party understand.
18, retelling the report, trying to be complete and accurate; Discuss the speech, focus on the theme, concise and clear; Tell stories with concrete content and vivid language.
(4) China common sense
19. Understand the classification of words, the structure of phrases (juxtaposition, deviation, subject-predicate, verb-object and complement), the components of simple sentences (subject, predicate, object, definite, form and complement), and the main types of complex sentences (juxtaposition, progression, choice, substitution, causality, assumptions and conditions, and limitation to duality.
20. Understand the general usage of commonly used figures of speech (metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical questions).
2 1, learn about the important writers and works involved in the textbook.
22, understand the basic knowledge of prose, poetry, novels and drama literature.
(5) Text
The text should be exemplary, beautiful in quality, rich in subject matter, genre and style, rich in cultural connotation and flavor of the times. It should not only reflect the teaching purpose, but also be suitable for teaching, which is conducive to broadening students' horizons and stimulating students' interest in learning.
The text is mainly based on China's modern works, with ancient works accounting for an appropriate proportion, while taking into account foreign works. Intensive reading and skimming generally account for 50% each. Ancient poetry and classical Chinese account for about 30%. There should be no less than 60 texts per academic year.
(6) Extracurricular activities
Chinese extracurricular activities are an important part of Chinese teaching. We should give full play to students' initiative and creativity, and carry out activities such as extracurricular reading, writing, visiting and special research in a lively way. You can use the forms of reading reports, reading parties, story meetings, lectures, wall newspapers, radio, television, internet and other media, and you can also organize various Chinese interest groups and literary societies.
Third, the problems that should be paid attention to in teaching
(1) Based on the characteristics of Chinese subject, students' ideological understanding, moral sentiment and aesthetic taste are improved imperceptibly.
(2) In Chinese teaching, we should strengthen integration, simplify the complex, highlight key points, pay attention to the relationship between knowledge, ability and knowledge, ability and emotion, pay attention to accumulation, perception, edification and the cultivation of language sense, and devote ourselves to the overall improvement of Chinese literacy.
(3) Pay attention to the development of students' thinking ability. In the process of Chinese teaching, students should be guided to use the methods of comparison, analysis and induction to develop their abilities of observation, memory, thinking, association and imagination, especially to cultivate their creative thinking.
The teaching process should highlight students' practical activities, guide students to acquire knowledge, scientifically train their skills and improve their Chinese ability in an all-round way. We should advocate flexible and diverse teaching methods, especially heuristic and discussion methods, and encourage the use of inquiry learning methods. Avoid tedious analysis and trivial mechanical exercises.
(5) Pay attention to creating an environment for Chinese learning, communicate the links inside and outside the teaching materials, inside and outside the classroom and inside and outside the school, broaden the learning channels and increase the opportunities for students to practice Chinese.
Fourthly, teaching evaluation.
Teaching evaluation should conform to the characteristics of Chinese subject and follow the laws of Chinese teaching itself.
The evaluation of teachers should attach importance to teachers' teaching process and teaching effect, and should not be based on the students' test scores.
The evaluation of students should attach importance to the evaluation of Chinese accumulation, the ability to use spoken and written languages and the development of Chinese level, so as to combine quantitative and qualitative, objective and subjective, written and oral, adhere to equal emphasis on attitude, emotion and knowledge, and pay equal attention to process and result, which is conducive to encouraging and guiding the all-round development of students' Chinese quality.
The Chinese exam should focus on subjective questions and encourage students to be original. You can't test students with difficult, strange, biased and complicated mechanical questions. Chinese rhetoric and stylistic common sense are not included in the examination scope.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) teaching equipment
We should actively create conditions and strive to equip junior high school Chinese teaching with corresponding equipment.
Schools should be equipped with enough reference books, ancient and modern Chinese and foreign literary masterpieces, other humanities books, science and technology books and other books, equipped with necessary teaching wall charts, teaching AIDS, and a considerable number of newspapers and periodicals. According to the actual needs of teaching, audio-visual materials such as audio tapes, video tapes and CDs are provided, and a certain number of slide shows, projectors, televisions, tape recorders, video recorders, computers and other auxiliary equipment are provided. Conditional schools should actively use network resources, and audio-visual classrooms, voice laboratories and multimedia classrooms can also be equipped.
Chinese teachers should strive to master and apply modern educational technology, make full use of teaching equipment and improve teaching quality and efficiency. Schools should strengthen their guidance and training, encourage and support them to develop and produce teaching courseware.