Which dynasty was Lu Jiuyuan in?

Lu Yuan, named Xiangshan, is quiet. A famous philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. Fuzhou Jinxi people. He was as famous as Zhu Lu, a famous neo-Confucian. Lu Jiuyuan is China's theory of mind and nature. Wang Yangming developed his theory in the Ming Dynasty and became a famous Lu Wang school in the history of China philosophy, which had a far-reaching influence on modern neo-Confucianism in China. Later generations called Lu Zi. Lu Yuan once built a thatched cottage in Longhushan, Guixi to give lectures. Because of the picturesque mountain shape, it is named Xiangshan Weng, known as Xiangshan teacher and Lu Xiangshan. I lived in the mountains for five years and read books in the mountains. Thousands of people came to see it. In eight years, the avenue ranked first. He admits that Wang Anshi's talent is beyond the reach of the world, but he thinks that Wang Anshi has not touched the foundation academically and does not agree with his political reform. I have a great sense of revenge on Jingkangbian, so I visited the brave, sought common ground while reserving differences, and recovered lost ground. When I became a local official, I made remarkable achievements, but I didn't forget education. He often gives lectures. When he arrived in Guanguili, he set up a lecture chair in the East Palace, and all ages came to listen. According to the Xiangshan Chronicle, from the height of the tour, there is no such thing. There are the complete works of Xiangshan. Two. Lu Jiuyuan is a 34-year-old scholar. He was the first person in the owner's book of Stegosaurus County, and later rebuilt Anchongning County. About ten years later, he was recommended as imperial academy, and soon he was appointed as an official by the imperial edict. As a teenager, Liu Yuan studied the history of the Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties. He felt that Yi Di was in chaos at that time, and then he listened to his elders' talk about the shame of Jingkang. So he cut his nails, learned to bow and horse, and revenged himself on the imperial court of the Song Dynasty. When he was appointed as an official by the imperial edict, he visited the samurai to discuss the restoration and the relationship between the court and the court. Then he made five suggestions: first, he would like to be a hero in the world and preach the posts on the list of sermons; Second, I would like to sincerely respect morality and music; On the difficulty of knowing people: four things that are tame but not sudden; About improper personal care of five people. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Chun was sent to Taizhou Taoist Temple to offer sacrifices. Because this is only a part-time job in managing Taoist temples, he returned to his hometown in Jiangxi to give lectures and gathered scholars from all over the country. It was not until Song Guangzong acceded to the throne that he was appointed as Jingmen Army. During this period, he made remarkable achievements in governing the country, and he had strong customs and habits. He used strict laws to protect Wu, whether he was a thief or not, but no one escaped. Jingmen is located between Chiang Kai-shek and Han Dynasty, and it is the land of four wars, so it is planned to build a wall to protect the border. But after only one year in office, he died in Jingmen. Liu Yuan has been studious since he was a child. His knowledge lies not in exposition, but in thinking. When he was three or four years old, he once asked his father how poor the world was. His father just smiled and didn't answer. He thought so hard about the problem that he forgot to eat and sleep. Later, he studied tirelessly and often found problems in books. For example, if you are studying in the Analects of Confucius, you suspect that you have a son. Reading Cheng Ershu, we can find that what Yichuan said is not similar to that of Confucius and Mencius, and even contradictory. When Lu Yuan was thirteen, one day he suddenly realized what he was thinking when he was a child. On this day, he read the word universe in ancient books. People of insight say that the universe is everywhere from ancient times to the present. Then he suddenly realized that infinity is infinity. People and everything in the world are in infinity. He began to write: things in the universe are things in his own field, and things in his own field are things in the universe. According to Lu Jiuyuan's chronicle, he deeply studied saints because of the meaning of the word universe, that is to say, he learned the way of life from the word universe. Lu Jiuyuan is determined to be a Confucian saint, but he believes that the truth of being a saint is actually in his heart.

After several generations of changes, by the time Lu Jiuyuan was born, Jin Lu's national economy had declined, with only about 65,438+00 mu of vegetable fields, a pharmacy and a school. But at this time, Monroe has a history of more than 200 years and still retains the demeanor of a feudal clan. American family management depends on the strict implementation of patriarchal ethics. At the same time, family members should give full play to their enthusiasm and initiative and do their best to perform their duties. There is such a record in 2006, which is a vivid portrayal of this situation. It says: His family has always lived a just life. Everyone's eldest son is his parents, and they are obedient in family affairs. Children who move to the elderly are responsible for family affairs, and each has its own American affairs, such as farmland, taxes, going out, accommodation, guests, etc. Take Jiu Shao's exhortation as a poem. In the morning, parents take their children to the temple, beating gongs and drums to recite their words and let them listen. Children have, parents' children will be responsible; Do not change, then start; If you don't change, you can't bear it, then you can tell the government that it is far from the screen. Lu Jiuyuan himself once said: My family lives in a family, and each round of poor children manages the warehouse for three years. If you do your job well and make great progress in what you have learned, that is, deacons respect students in such a family atmosphere, learn from childhood and manage housework by themselves when they grow up. This life experience will have a great influence on Lu Jiuyuan, and he will have the consciousness of participating in society and the country. Perhaps this is the starting point for the Lu brothers to learn and form their professional practice. Lujia has a family background. Lu Xisheng, the eighth ancestor of Lu Jiuyuan, wrote a lot of works. Lu's great-grandfather, Lu Youcheng, is knowledgeable and well-read. When Lu Jiuyuan came to the United States, his father, although his family business declined, only managed medicine and taught to support his family. However, influenced by his academic behavior, he tried Sima's wedding at home. Lu Jiafeng was purged and became famous in the state, even praised by Emperor Xiaozong. Lu Jiuyuan's father Lu has six sons, and Lu Jiuyuan ranks sixth. In addition to him, there are four brothers Lu and five brothers Lu Jiuling, who are all famous for their research and are called the study of the three sons. Jiu Shao, whose real name is Zi Mei, was called "Suoshan" by scholars for giving lectures. He said: he is knowledgeable, lives in seclusion in the mountains, teaches by example during the day and writes books at night. His family lives in a just world, the boss is the parents, and the family takes orders. He presided over the strict implementation of family rules and family training in Lu, and had good laws in managing the family economy. In order to learn, he advocated cutting hair for daily use, knowing the festival of friends of father, son, monarch, minister and wife, knowing self-cultivation and ruling the country by virtue, and taking parents, brothers, clans and parties as friends. . Moreover, he is good at ancient learning, reading history and knowing how to deal with the rise and fall of dynasties. Lu Jiafeng is upright and rigorous. They were quite dissatisfied with the style of taxis at that time, so they studied not for the imperial examination, but for daily use and guidance of life. The Lushi brothers have no immediate apprentices, but friends and teachers, supporting each other. Based on their sense of responsibility to society and family, they communicate with each other in daily life and pay attention to the understanding of the relationship between mind and reason. It can be seen that Lu Jiuyuan lived in such a learning atmosphere and family background, and his spiritual thoughts were not accidental. Song Guangzong Shao Xiyuan, 50-year-old Lu Jiuyuan was appointed as Jingmen Zhijun, Jinghu North Road. On the third day of September of the following year, Lu Jiuyuan went all the way from Jiangxi to Jingmen to take office. At that time, nomadic people invaded south, and Jingmen was located in the border of the Southern Song Dynasty. When Liu Yuan saw Jingmen?

Only those who commit serious crimes, the circumstances are bad, and those who refuse to mend their ways will be punished by law. So there are fewer and fewer civil lawsuits. In his second year in office, there were only two or three lawsuits every month. Lu Yuan built a pavilion on the east slope of Xiangshan to preach Neo-Confucianism, and the audience was often hundreds. Before Jingmen, the closed folk customs changed obviously. Lu Jiuyuan, who was listed by the competent departments at all levels, reported his achievements in Jingmen to the court. Prime Minister Zhou Bida and Zuo both emphasized that the Jingmen army was well managed and worth learning from local rulers. 1at the beginning of 993, Lu Jiuyuan died of illness in Jingmen. When he was lying in the coffin, officials and people cried and paid tribute, and the streets were crowded with mourners. Thousands of people attended the funeral. After his death, Wen An. In memory of Lu Jiuyuan, later generations renamed Mengshan in Jingmen as Xiangshan, and built a temple, namely the Xiangshan Academy site where Lu Wen and Lu Jiuyuan accepted civil litigation and gave lectures. Elephant Lake in Nanchang today is said to be the place where Lu Jiuyuan opened an altar to give lectures in Nanchang. One of them, Elephant Lake, comes from its name. Lu Jiuyuan's glorious life lies in establishing schools, engaging in missionary and teaching activities, and thousands of students are educated by him. With the mind as the core, he founded the theory of mind, emphasizing self-control and advocating the dynamic role of spirit. His theory is unique, and it competes with the authentic neo-Confucianism represented by Zhu at that time. 145 April met with Zhu at Ehu Temple in Shangrao, Jiangxi, to discuss the way and attitude of academic research. Zhu holds an objective idealistic view and advocates enlightening internal knowledge through extensive reading and observation of external things; Lu Yuan holds the subjective idealism view, and thinks that inventors should take their initial intentions first, and then take their extensive reading. The so-called mind is reason, so there is no need to spend too much time on reading and poor management. Poetry debate between the two sides. Accusing Lu Zhu of fragmentation, Zhu ridiculed Lu Chan, and the academic opinions of the two factions were deadlocked. This is what historians call the Goose Lake Conference and the Goose Lake Debate. Lu Xiangshan's most famous students are Sui Wendi, Yuan Xie, Lin Shu and Fu Ziyun. Among them, Emperor Wendi further developed his subjective idealism world outlook. Xiangshan School was not advocated again until Chen Xianzhang and Wang Shouren in Ming Dynasty. Lu Jiuyuan's thoughts have been enriched and developed by later generations, and become the main philosophical trend of thought since Ming and Qing Dynasties, which has been influencing the ideological circles in modern China. Famous scholars Guo Moruo and Ma Yifu both think that they are deeply influenced by Lu Jiuyuan.