1. Breakthrough from the title of poetry
Some titles summarize the important content of the work, some titles reveal the clues of the work, and some titles lay the emotional tone of the author.
For example, it is not uncommon for a bamboo window to smell the wind and make wonderful methods.
Sitting alone by the breezy window at dusk, meditating on leisurely thoughts far away from the sky. The breeze opened the door, stirred the bamboo forest and doubted the arrival of old friends.
Dewdrops on the branches and leaves fall from time to time because of the wind, which gradually moistens the dark green moss under the steps. When the wind blows open the curtains in the room, it wipes away the dust accumulated for a long time for me.
The word "literary style" in the title is the clue of the whole poem and the key to understanding its connotation. First, the two couplets are written about thinking of friends in the wind and suspecting friends at the wind; The neck couplet says that the wind blows the leaves, and the dew grows moss, which means writing the wind; When the tail is connected with the wind, it is also said that the wind is a daydream, and I hope the wind will send friends. It can be seen that the whole article closely revolves around the artistic conception of "smelling the wind", and through the image of the breeze, it expresses the poet's lonely mood and his yearning for his old friend.
2. Describe the breakthrough of "cold" and "warm" colors of scenery from poems.
When the ancients wrote poems and lyrics, they often used scenery to express their feelings. Therefore, when appreciating the scenery, we should first understand the words and expressions of the scenery, and then understand the "cold" and "warm" of the scenery written, and then grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
For example, Du Fu (I) and two poems on water threshold.
The hut is far away from the hustle and bustle of Chengdu, with a spacious courtyard, no villages around and boundless vision. Clear water, almost drowning both sides; Green trees and flowers in full bloom in the evening.
It was drizzling, and the fish jumped out of the water happily; The breeze is blowing gently, and the swallows slant across the sky. The city is crowded with thousands of people; There are only two Three Lamps District here, and it's free.
The scenery in this poem is mainly written in the second and third paragraphs. The poet first described the surrounding environment of the open and beautiful thatched cottage with the words "Chengjiang is less flat, secluded trees spend more flowers in the evening", and then described a vibrant spring scene with the words "Fish come out in the drizzle, Yan Xie in the breeze". You see, fish are swaying in the drizzle, and swallows are flying lightly in the breeze. How cheerful and free! It is by depicting such a "warm" color scene that the poet expresses a leisurely and happy mood that he has temporarily settled down after the war.
3. Image Breakthrough from Poetry
Many images in ancient poetry have specific meanings, and poets often express their unique feelings by choosing specific images. When we appreciate poetry, we should pay attention to images, mobilize accumulation and try to figure out the meaning of images, so as to understand the content of the works.
For example, Wang Changling's Five Poems of Chang Xin Qiu (I).
The plane tree leaves in Jinjingbian are yellow, and the night pearl curtain is not rolled out to see the frost. Jade pillow jade pillow looks like a withered face, lying on your back and worrying about listening to the south temple-style leaking face.
The first sentence of the poem uses "phoenix tree" and "autumn leaves" to render the bleak and cold atmosphere, and the "smoke cage" in the third sentence further sets off the cold night environment in the deep palace. Combined with the last sentence, we can know that it is because the poet is in a sad mood and can't sleep. He feels that the leakage from the Nangong (the emperor's residence) is sad and long.
4. Breakthrough of implied keywords in poetry
Poetry is the product of the poet's "feeling". Sometimes, if we can capture the words that can best express the poet's feelings, we will find the key to appreciate this poem.
For example, Jianglou feels old, Zhao Wei.
Alone at the bottom of the river, I vaguely thought that the moonlight was like water. Where are the people who came to see the moon together? The scenery is vaguely like last year.
The word "thinking" in the first sentence lays the emotional tone of the whole poem and becomes a window for us to peek into the poet's inner world. Why do poets "think"? What is the object of thinking? From the following, we can know that the poet misses his friend because he saw a scene similar to last year.
5. Break through the sentences with poetic eyes in the works.
When the ancients wrote poems, they paid special attention to the choice of words and sentences, striving for every word. These poetic sentences often best reflect the connotation and expression skills of the works.
For example, in Lu Jun, Dong Shimen sent Du and Li Bai.
Not drunk for a few days, boarded the pool platform. When will Shimen Road open again?
Eyes rested on Surabaya, and the sea was bright. Looking across the wall, the cup is in your hand!
The third couplet in the poem is vivid, and the words "falling" and "Ming" are concise and vivid, which is the poetic eye of the couplet. "Falling" gives "Surabaya" a sense of movement, as if falling from the sky, making the static image dynamic; "Ming" gives the static natural color a sense of movement, not to mention how green Culai Mountain is, but that light green actively and intentionally reflects Culai Mountain. Connecting with the whole poem, it is not difficult to find that the poet wrote the landscape so beautifully in order to set off his pure friendship with his friends.
6. The breakthrough of the author's life experience
"Poetry expresses ambition", the author's life experience is different, and the ideological tendency expressed through poetry is also different. Therefore, we might as well make a breakthrough in appreciation from the author's time environment and life experience.
For example: Qingpingle? Xin Qiji, Wangshi Temple in Dushu Boshan
Hungry mice ran around the bed and bats danced around the dark oil lamp. There is a breeze blowing in the room, and it is raining hard. I am talking to myself between the broken paper windows. From the northern frontier to the south, and now retired to the forest, it is already an old face with white hair. A cold autumn wind blew through the thin cloth quilt and woke up suddenly. It was still a dream country in front of me.
Xin Qiji was a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He insisted on resisting the restoration of gold all his life, but he was not reused and died with regret. Most of his poems express his patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity and pour out his grief and indignation. This word expresses his great ambition and his great concern for the country and people.
7. Breakthrough from the meaning of poetic allusions
Ancient poets sometimes use some allusions to express profound themes when creating. If we pay attention to and understand these allusions, it will undoubtedly help to grasp the theme of the work.
Like sending Du Mu away.
Down and out, rivers and lakes carry restaurants, and Chu has a thin waist and a light palm. Yangzhou's ten years, like a dream, wake up, but in the brothel women this is a fickle reputation.
In the poem, "Chu's waist is slender" implies "Is everything wrong? Second in command: "King Chu Ling has a thin waist, but there are many hungry people in the country." "Lightness in the palm of your hand" is the classic of The Biography of Flying Swallows, which refers to Zhao, the queen of Emperor Han Cheng, who is "light and can dance in the palm of her hand". The poet used these two classics to illustrate that he once indulged in debauchery and debauchery. Looking at the third sentence again, the "ten years" and "one sleep" in the poem are relative, giving people a strong contrast between "a long time" and "extremely fast", which shows the poet's deep affection. Throughout the poem, we can find that the poet's thoughts are not only contrite, but also dreamy and unbearable.
8. Break through from the interpretation of poetry
Some poems are appreciated with comments after the original poems. Reading these notes can help us understand the author and his works, so as to understand the author's feelings and the contents of his works more accurately.
For example: Li Bai, who boarded Yueyang Tower on the 12th day of summer.
Climb the Yueyang Tower and overlook the Yangtze River until you reach the open Dongting Lake. It breaks my heart to see geese flying south, and the distant mountains are in the title of a good month.
On the upper floor of the sky, stay in the chair and upload a glass of wine from the sky. The cool breeze rising after drunkenness, blowing the sleeves with the wind, we will return.
[Note] This poem was written in the autumn after Li Bai was pardoned and exiled. He is Li Bai's friend in December.
The notes after the poem provide the writing background of the poem. From the words "I was forgiven in exile", it is conceivable that the poet should write this poem with a relaxed mood. Therefore, all the natural things in the poet's works seem to be endowed with life: wild geese fly high and take away the poet's sad and depressed heart; When the moon comes out of the mountain pass, it seems that Junshan has a good reunion month. Such an affectionate and intentional scene sets off the poet's incomparable pleasure after being forgiven.
Practice example
1. Read the following Tang poems and complete the topic. (8 points)
Wu Rong of Huaqing Palace
The snow in the suburbs darkened the clouds, but the palace collapsed and dried up.
The trees and eaves set each other off, and no one knows that the outside world is very cold.
Huaqing Palace Cuilu
The grass hides the phoenix, and the clouds and trees are cold.
The bright moon comes and goes, and no one leans on the jade.
[Note] Huaqing Palace: the name of the Tang Dynasty Palace. Therefore, it is located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province. There are hot springs in the mountains. In the eighteenth year of Tang Zhenguan, Tangquan Palace was built, and in the second year of Xianheng, it was renamed Hot Spring Palace. Tianbao was expanded in six years and renamed Huaqing Palace.
1. The late Tang poet (fill in the author) also wrote Guo Huaqing Palace, in which the famous sentence is "No one knows that it is litchi". (2 points)
2. The following statement is incorrect () (2 points)
A. The above two poems are consistent in rhyme, harmonious in sound and rhythm, and catchy to read.
B. Wu poetry takes the prosperity of Huaqing Palace as the background, and Cui poetry takes Huaqing Palace after Tianbao Rebellion as the background.
C. Wu poetry expresses the author's grief and indignation, while Cui's poems reveal a sad and sentimental mood.
D. the above two poems belong to the seven-character quatrains in history, and the purpose of writing is to satirize the present with history and warn the world.
3. A brief analysis of the outstanding performance of Wu Rong's poem Huaqing Palace. (4 points)
Reference answer 1. (2 points) Du Mu (Du Muzhi, Du Fanchuan); The world of mortals riding a princess laughs (1, 1) 2(2) D 3. (4) Key points: The most outstanding performance of this poem is the use of contrast. (2) The author makes a strong contrast between the warm scene in Huaqing Palace and the chilly environment outside the palace (1) and lashes out at it. (That's right)
2. Read the following poem and complete the topic. (8 points)
[Double Tone] Water Fairy? You axe king ○ 1 pontoon bridge set.
Sing a dream to break the sand of thistles, and Luo Qixiang will leave wild vegetables and flowers. In the sunset, Yan stopped looking for the king, tired of rising and falling, and angered some frogs. Jinchi was buried in the desert, and the cup pavilion was piled with broken tiles. Where is the prosperity?
Note (1): Zhao and Rui, brothers of Southern Song Dynasty. ② Tribulus terrestris sand: sandy land full of Tribulus terrestris. ③ desolation: desolate broken well.
1. When writing Yuanqu, writers often use some interlinings. Please extract a passage from this song. ( 1)
2. The incorrect analysis of this song is (3 points).
A "Brother Sheng" and "Luo Qixiang" mean that the former Fu Wangfu has now become a place for others to entertain.
B. "Old Trees in the Clouds and Sunset" has a strong sense of picture, which is different from other places in this song where only sporadic things are written when writing scenery.
C the phrase "Yan Xiu seeks Wang Xie's family" uses a poem from Wuyi Lane by Liu Yuxi-"In the old society, Wang Xie-tang flew into the homes of ordinary people".
D. This song is lyrical by the scenery, and the feelings move with the scenery, but it does not depict the scenery in detail.
3. Simply appreciate the wonderful use of contrast in this song. (4 points)
Reference answer 1. Write only one place ("Sha Er" can be written separately) or (1). 2. Answer (3 points)
3. This Yuanqu has made a sharp contrast between the previous Song Ge, Luo Qixiang, Pu and Liu Beiting, and the real Tribulus Sand, Wild Vegetable Flower, Flowing Clouds and Old Trees, Sunset Red, Wild Goose and Broken Tiles (2 points).