1. Which two poets does Du Li refer to?
In modern times, Du Li is usually called Li Bai and Du Fu, the great poets of the Tang Dynasty. Some people call Li Bai and Du Fu "big Du Li" and Li Shangyin and Du Mu "little Du Li".
The Great Du Li: the Romantic Poet Li Bai and the Realist Du Fu.
Li Bai (70 1 Feb. 28 -762), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, is known as the "Poet Fairy" and the greatest romantic poet. Li Bai did not achieve fame in his life, but he had high expectations. He was not afraid of power and despised powerful people. He once let Lux take off his boots. Unscrupulously mocked the hierarchical order centered on the political power, criticized the corrupt political phenomenon at that time, and carried forward the heroic spirit in the prosperous Tang culture with a bold rebellious attitude.
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is as famous as Shaoling Yelao, Du Gongbu and Du Shaoling. He was a great realistic poet in Henan in Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du was born in a family with a literary tradition of "obeying Confucianism and guarding officials". He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. Du Fu lived in the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his life was bumpy and frustrated repeatedly. Because of his brilliant achievements in poetry creation, he is known as the "sage of poetry" and has spread more than 400 poems/kloc-0.
Little Du Li: Li Shangyin and Du Mu are collectively called "Little Du Li" in the world.
Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858 AD), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Yuxi, Huaizhou, Hanoi (now Qinyang, Henan). Kaicheng Jinshi, a former county commandant, secretary lang and Dongchuan our envoy. Influenced by the struggle between Niu and Li, he was marginalized and poor all his life. His poems exposed and criticized the separatist regime of the buffer region, the autocratic power of eunuchs and the corruption of the upper ruling group at that time. He is good at discipline, rich in literary talent, rigorous in conception, graceful in emotion and unique in style. But there are too many useful classics and their meanings are obscure.
Du Mu (803-853 AD) was born in Mu Zhi in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Tang Wenzong Yamato was a scholar in the second year, and served as a censor, a secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu, a foreign minister of Si Xun, and a calligrapher in China. Du Mu had political ideals, but because of his straightforward personality, he was repeatedly excluded and failed in his official career, so he indulged in debauchery and led a bohemian life in his later years. Du Mu's poems, fu and ancient prose are all famous, and the greatest achievement is poetry, which is as famous as Li Shangyin and is known as "Little Du Li" in the world. His poetic style is handsome, cold and beautiful, and unique. Especially good at seven-character poems and quatrains.
Second, what's the difference between Du Li's poems?
The formation of "romanticism" in Shi Li's poems and "realism" in Du Fu's poems is a comprehensive factor. First, the overall prosperity of the political economy in the Tang Dynasty and the prosperous atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty formed by it are the basis for the existence and great achievements of Li Bai's positive romantic poetic style. Li Bai lives in this great era of cultural exchanges between the North and the South and between China and foreign countries.
Li Bai and Du Fu are the two peaks of China's Tang poetry and even China's ancient literature. We call them "poetic immortals" and "poetic saints" respectively. They * * * experienced the history of the Tang Dynasty from its heyday to turmoil. In the face of this troubled times, they formed poems with completely different artistic styles and personal personalities.
The style of Li Bai's poems was formed in the most powerful era of the Tang Dynasty, focusing on expressing personal feelings and praising the desire and pursuit of personal value in free life. (History of China Literature) His poems are free and unrestrained, clear and fluent, imaginative and magnificent. He inherited the romantic tradition since The Songs of the South and formed his own unique style.
Du Fu's poetic style was formed in the period of An Shi Rebellion, and gradually took shape in suffering. Du Fu went deep into the society, cared about the sufferings of politics and people's livelihood, and attached importance to realism. He shoulders the heavy responsibility of the country and the nation and faithfully depicts the face of the times and inner feelings. Du Fu's artistic style is gloomy. He inherited Du Fu's realistic style from the middle Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, especially the Jiangxi Poetry School in the Song Dynasty, which took Du Fu as its ancestor. His influence is enormous.
When Li Bai was young, he read a lot of books. "At the age of five, he read hundreds of books, and at the age of ten, he read strange books, endowed with exquisite images." He also fought with Ren Xia, saying that "fifteen good swordsmanship, the prince is everywhere". (History of China Literature) When he was young, he traveled widely. All these have a great influence on the formation of Li Bai's bold and unconstrained character, and also directly lead to the formation of his romantic poetry style. Li Bai values martial arts and despises Confucianism. He is generous with money and likes drinking. His ideal in life is to be detached from things and actively join the WTO. His personality charm is beyond the reach of others.
Du Fu was born in an official family, and his grandfather Du Shenyan was an important poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Therefore, for Du Fu, career and poetry are both family businesses. He once said to his son, "Poetry is my family". Du Fu was deeply influenced by Confucian culture, and he had a desire to help the monarch all his life. In addition, he was poor all his life, which formed his character of caring for the country and the people and caring for the people. Therefore, his poems emphasize realism.
Third, celebrities' comments on Li Bai and Du Fu.
Han Yu greatly admired Li Bai and Du Fu. There is a saying in "Zhang Jidiao" called "Du Li's article is there, but the light is long".
Bai Juyi: "Anyone who is also a master of poetry is called Du Li's works in the world. This is incredible, people can't catch it. "
Huang Jinxiang praised Li Bai and Du Fu: "Only Li and Du Fu performed the best Tang poetry!"
Su Shi: "Li Taibai and Du Zimei, with peerless attitude, have crossed over a hundred generations, and all poets in ancient and modern times have been abandoned. However, since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the wind and dust have also decreased. " (After Huang Zisi's poetry anthology)
In Cang Hua, Yan Yu clearly put forward "thinking poetry as the standard", which reached the highest level of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.