1, the ideological content and artistic style of Gao Shi's frontier poems
Gao Shi is as famous as Cen Can, with similar styles, and both have had the experience of military life. Their poems are full of heroic spirit and indomitable spirit of fighting for the country. Gao Shi is an outstanding frontier poet with political talent. When I was young, I yearned for the frontier fortress life: "Relying on the sword against the dust, thinking for myself" ("Appreciating Xue Lun Qi, Sending Guo Shaofu Wei Three Certificates"), I had a profound experience of frontier fortress life and wrote a lot of frontier fortress poems. Ge Yanxing, the most famous poem, is one of the best chapters in frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It is a vivid picture of frontier life, rough and bold, powerful and imposing. Tragedy is full of grand and profound emotions. The language is concise, the wording is warning, and there are many good sentences. As the saying goes, "Hua Yi clears the way, and the falcon comes out of the dust" (Du Fu's Feng Jian Gaoshi Sanwu County). Poetry uses ancient style, but modern poetry, with exquisite antithesis and sonorous rhyme. This poem eulogizes the fighting spirit of frontier fortress soldiers and their lofty sentiments of sacrificing their lives for their country and killing the enemy. It is not only vivid but also full of optimism and patriotism, showing Gao Shi's praise and yearning for his career as a sword and horse, and his political ambition of "Wan Li dies once and for all" for his country.
Now let's enjoy this song Ge Yanxing:
The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families. Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor.
They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet. Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain.
The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain. Half of our soldiers at the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive, and beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them in the camp!
In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall. When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe.
Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure. Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain.
The wind cut off our progress, and in the place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead! Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble.
Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame? However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, our name today is Li, the great general, who lived a long time ago!
This poem was written in the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738). The whole poem vividly reflects the whole process of a battle with concentrated pen and ink. It not only praised the noble character and heroism of the sergeant who fought bloody battles and died regardless of honor, but also satirized the uneven bitterness and joy in the army and the incompetence of the garrison. It not only affirms that men should drive horses into the world, but also sympathizes with the pain caused by war to recruit people and think of women. Out of taboo, the poet used "Han Jia" and "Han Jiang" to compare "Tang Dynasty" and "Tang Jun". The first two sentences "smoke and dust in the northeast" and "quitting the family and breaking the thief" point out the location and origin of the war. In three or four sentences, write Tang Jun's prestige. "Cutting Drum with Gold" and "Swaying" wrote marching scenes, with a magnificent lineup, which set off the arrogance of the lords with great momentum and laid the groundwork for the defeat. Among the seven sentences, the word "flying" highlights the urgency of military affairs, and the urgent "feather book" flies out of the "vast sea" (that is, the desert). The eight sentences of "hunting fire to shine on the wolf mountain" write that the enemy is trampling on the land arrogantly, and the newcomer is not a "residual thief". The next eight sentences are about the tragic and unsuccessful battle. What caused Tang Jun's fiasco? "Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still dancing and singing for them at the camp!" With a strong and vivid contrast, the poem truly and profoundly reveals the theme: while the sergeants are fighting bloody battles, the garrison soldiers are happy and dissolute in the military account! This sharp contradiction has created Tang Jun's inevitable failure, and the lesson is painful! While condemning the garrison commander, the poet expressed infinite sympathy for the ordinary sergeant: "Still at the front line, the armor is worn out, Yu Miao should say goodbye, and the young wife's heart is still broken in this southern city, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking for their homes in vain. "Reading this makes people sad and speechless! Recruiting people for a long time and seeing their families for a long time, the young women in the south of the city who are far away can only be sad day and night, and their hearts are broken. " Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame? "The sergeants died in battle, with blood, never thought of personal Rong Lu. Isn't this a pity and praise for the chief sergeant? Speaking of this, the poet pointed his pen at the commander in front of him and said, "Speaking of hard fighting in the desert, today we are going to mention the great general Li long ago! "Miss the T-shirt sergeant flying general Li Guang, suggesting that there is no Li Guang today! This is an angry condemnation of the arrogant and corrupt garrison commander! This tragic ending makes the ideological significance of the whole poem suddenly clear, as if it were a close call, shocking people!
In terms of ideological content, Xing broke the general theme pattern of frontier poems or describing ethnic contradictions, or expressing the lingering lovesickness of husband and wife, and found a new way to interweave the desolate natural environment, intense and tense war atmosphere and complex psychological activities of border guards with interwoven poems, forming a profound, profound and tragic artistic style of the whole poem, focusing on writing military contradictions. Theme of the whole poem: Not only condemn Tang Jun's generals for being arrogant in the face of strong enemies and underestimating them, but also castigate them for being bohemian, arrogant and extravagant at the critical moment of national peril, lacking sympathy for foot soldiers, leading to the failure of the war, the loss of teachers and national humiliation, and the bloodshed and sacrifice of countless sergeants, which is a painful warning to future generations! At the same time, in the face of the unclear reward and punishment of the court, the poet showed concern for the country and the people.
From the perspective of artistic skills, there are many strong and distinct contrast techniques in the poem: for example, the golden drum in the invasion contrasts with the desolation after the defeat; The soldiers fought bloody battles and worked hard, which was in sharp contrast with the dissolute greed of the generals. Li Guang, a flying general who sympathized with the sergeant in the Han Dynasty, compared with General Tang who ravaged the foot soldiers. The use of contrast makes this poem meaningful. In addition, the whole poem uses metrical sentences and many antithetical sentences, and absorbs the advantages of modern poetry. Every four sentences rhyme, flat, continuous, ups and downs, ups and downs. Judging from the depth, breadth and perfection of artistic expression, it is not only a famous song style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Most of Gao Shi's frontier poems are based on his actual life experience in frontier fortress. In addition to seven-character songs, five-character ancient poems are often used in the form of expression, which combines the author's personal cutting-edge knowledge, observation and thinking, and fame and fortune ambitions. Therefore, Yin Kun praised Gao Shi for "poetry is full of words, spirit and bones".
2. The ideological content and artistic features of Cen Can's frontier poems.
Different from Gao Shi, the ideological content of Cen Can's frontier poems shows a more prominent and strong patriotic theme, which breaks through the traditional mode of others writing frontier hardships and foot soldiers toiling. In contrast, Cen Can's poems have incorporated more painstaking efforts and true feelings. Cen Can is eager to contribute to the frontier fortress. He often encourages himself and serves the country by saying "fame is only temporary, what a hero husband" and "why should a man love his wife". Don't go to the old man in Jiangcun. " Therefore, in his life, he entered the sideline five times and went out of the northwest frontier twice, and was recruited to Anxi (now Kuqa, Xinjiang) and Beiting (now Jimsar, Xinjiang), the farthest frontier of the Tang Dynasty. He really joined the army, "traveling back and forth between horses and dust for more than ten years" and "stuck in a fortress in the city" The military life of the frontier fortress became the source of the poet's creation. The frontier fortress scenery and the customs of the western regions are strange and magnificent, and his poems are full of charm and enthusiasm. His poems broke through the traditional writing mode of frontier fortress poems, greatly enriching and broadening the description theme and content scope of frontier fortress poems.
In terms of artistic style, Cen's poems are good at observing and describing, rich in imagination, novel in metaphor, exaggerated and rational, magnificent, romantic, tragic and steep. Du Fu once said that "Cen Can brothers are all strange" (A Trip to Beipi), and Yin Kun also said that "Cen Can's language is strange and elegant, and its meaning is also strange" (He Yueling's photo album). "The number of Qinshan is like indigo, and the water of Weihe is like white practice", and the language is bright and beautiful; "The crescent moon rises and hangs on the city head, and the city head shines on Liangzhou, with 100,000 households in seven miles, and the Hu people play the piano halfway" and "The volcano is abrupt and red, and the volcano is thick in May; The clouds of fire have not opened all over the mountain, and thousands of birds dare not come. " The scenery is magnificent and charming.