The original text of Spring Tour in Qiantang River
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Brief introduction of the author
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), also known as Xiangshan Jushi in his later years, was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty in China. His poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and popular language, and are known as "Poet Saint" and "Poet King". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor.
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From the north of Gushan Temple to Jiating West, the spring water on the lake is just level with the dike, and the white clouds hang low, which is connected with the waves on the lake.
Several early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny tree, and the new swallow was building a nest with mud in its mouth.
Countless colorful spring flowers gradually fascinated people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass just covered the horseshoe.
I like the beautiful scenery in the east of the West Lake best, but I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green shade.
To annotate ...
1. Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Chen Wendi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (559 ~ 566), it was renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Isolated Mountain: It is between the inner lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, so it is called an isolated mountain because it is not connected with other mountains. There is an isolated mountain pavilion overlooking the West Lake.
2. Jia Ting: Also called Jia Gongting. A scenic spot in the West Lake was built by Jia Quan in the Tang Dynasty. In the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785 ~ 804 AD), Jia Quan became the secretariat of Hangzhou and built a pavilion in Qiantang Lake. This pavilion was called "Jia Pavilion" or "Jia Gong Pavilion" and lasted until the end of the Tang Dynasty.
3. Initial leveling of the water surface: the lake is just as flat as the dike, that is, the spring water rises at the beginning. Chu: used as an adverb in ancient Chinese, it is often used to express time and just now.
4. Low cloud foot: White clouds overlap and connect with the waves on the lake. It seems that the cloud is very low, so it is said that the foot of the cloud is low. Point out the starting point and way of spring outing, and focus on depicting the scenery of the lake. It is more common when it rains or when it just stops.
Cloud foot: cloud gas near the ground, which is more common when it begins to rain or stops raining. The original meaning of "foot" refers to the organs that people and animals walk. This refers to the drooping clouds.
5. Early spring warbler: an oriole coming in early spring. Warbler: oriole, the song is euphemistic and beautiful.
6. Competing to warm the trees: competing to fly to the sunny branches. Warm tree: a tree facing the sun.
7. Xinyan: A swallow just flew back from the south.
8. Here. Swallows nest with mud in their mouths. Look up and see what you can see in spring, singing and dancing, full of vitality. Focus on birds.
9. Miscellaneous flowers: numerous flowers. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling.
10. Shallow grass: light green grass. Talent: Just right. No: yes, yes. Looking down on the spring outing, the flowers are tender and the grass is tender, and the spring is full. Focus on flowers and plants.
1 1. Hudong: Take Gushan as a reference.
12. deficiency: never tired of traveling. That's enough. That's enough.
13. Shade: The same as "shade" refers to shade.
14. Baisha dike: today's Bai Causeway, also known as sand dike and broken bridge dike, is located on the east bank of West Lake, which existed before the Tang Dynasty. Bai Causeway was built by Bai Juyi when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou, and it is another place outside Qiantang Gate. The poet from north to west, from south to east, surrounded the lake for a week, and at the end of the poem, he expressed his deep affection with his "favorite". Bai Causeway length1000m.
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When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, there were many poems describing lakes and mountains. This poem captures the characteristics of the local environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on a spring coat, as full of business and just right.
The first poem sticks to the theme and always writes about the lake. The previous sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the surrounding "uneven towers". The use of two place names shows a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching. On the front of the latter sentence, the lake is as bright as water: at the beginning of spring, the water surface is flush with the embankment, and the white clouds in the air are connected with the rippling waves on the lake, which is a typical water state of Jiangnan Spring Lake. Zhuan Xu wrote about birds seen from looking up. Yingying is singing and swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring, and the oriole sends the good news of spring back to the earth with its euphemistic and smooth voice. Swallows wear flowers and paste water, build nests with mud, and encourage people to start working in spring. The word "several places" summarizes Ying Ge's call to the other and the poet's modality of seeking sound from left to right. The doubt about the word "whose family" shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes readers have rich associations. Writing with a neckband overlooks the flowers and plants you see. Because it's early spring, and it's not the season for flowers to bloom, what we see is not colorful flowers, but a cluster of flowers in the east and a cluster in the west, which is described by the word "chaos". Spring grass does not grow luxuriantly, only it is not as long as horseshoe, so it is described by a word "shallow". The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this association are also the feelings and judgments of the poet's observation and appreciation, which makes the objective natural scenery become the scenery in the eyes with the poet's subjective feelings and infect readers. These two couplets describe the scenery of the West Lake in detail, and express Yingying Yan's new arrival with "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking". Using "chaos", "shallowness", "gradual desire" and "talent" to describe the thriving trend of flowers and plants accurately and vividly reveals the early spring weather that the poet felt while walking, giving people a fresh feeling. The previous generation poet Xie Lingyun's phrase "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willow in the garden turns into songbirds" ("Pond Upstairs") is wonderful in ancient and modern times, precisely because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. The above two couplets of Qiantang Spring Tour are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poems are more widely spread. William wrote about the poet's favorite sandbar in the east of the lake. Qiantang Lake, which runs through Bai Causeway, is located in the east of the lake and can win the whole lake. I saw that under the shade of Populus cathayana, the flat and slender white sand embankment was lying in the blue waves, and the people riding on the embankment were knitting and enjoying the beauty of spring. In the meantime, the poet enjoyed the lakes and mountains and was relaxed and happy. "Lack of action" means that the natural scenery is beautiful and the poet is still alive.
China calendar, in heaven, Hangzhou can be said to be famous as a historian or magistrate. But the most famous are Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo, two great writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties. They not only left their achievements in Hangzhou, but also circulated many poems describing the beauty of Hangzhou and its West Lake, so some people called them "romantic satrap". Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour in Qiantang" is a well-known one. This poem not only depicts the beautiful spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of everything bathed in spring scenery, but also makes the poet himself intoxicated with this beautiful scenery. "Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West, and the water level is low." The first sentence of the poem is the place, and the second sentence is the vision. The lonely mountain is located between the back lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, with overlapping peaks and emerald green hills, and there is a lonely mountain temple on it, which is beautiful to climb and see. According to Tang Yulin's six-year record, Jiagong Pavilion was built in Zhenyuan, and it has not been abandoned after 50 or 60 years. When Bai Juyi wrote this poem, his pavilion was still there and it was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. Bai Juyi first came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west bank of Jiagongting. Looking around, I saw the winter water rippling, the cloud curtain hanging low, and the lakes and mountains were panoramic. Chuping expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in winter. Due to the continuous spring rain, today's lake looks much higher than in winter, and seems to be at the same level as the line of sight. This feeling that the water surface is flush with the line of sight is only possible for people facing the vast water surface, and it is also a feeling that can be written by people who have a deep understanding and love for the West Lake. At this moment, the calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake. When the poet was silently watching the virgin charm of the West Lake, the crisp birdsong came from his ear, which broke his meditation, so he withdrew his sight from the intersection of water and clouds and found himself in a beautiful world full of spring. "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and young swallows peck at spring mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. " These four sentences are the core of Bai Juyi's poem, which is also the most striking sentence, and also the finishing touch of Bai's poems describing spring scenery, especially the spring scenery of the West Lake. A few places, that is, a few places, or even many places. Using "early" to describe orioles shows Bai Juyi's sincere love for these little life full of vitality: orioles in the trees are busy grabbing the "warm tree" that first sees the sun in the morning, for fear that they will not catch up soon. The word "struggle" makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. I don't know whose swallow is under the eaves. At this time, it is also busy making a nest with mud, and uses a word "peck" to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallow, which seems to bring life to the swallow. These two sentences deliberately describe the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, thus making the whole poem full of vitality and vitality in spring. Huang oriole is recognized as a spring singer. Listening to their euphemistic voices makes people feel the charm of spring. Swallows are migratory birds. They returned to their hometown with spring, busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly around building nests makes people feel the beauty of life even more. After anthropomorphic description of the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his eyes to the vegetation under his feet. "Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes." This is also an emotional and energetic description of the scenery, which fully shows Bai Juyi's careful observation of the object of description and accurate grasp of its characteristics. As far as flowers are concerned, they are chaotic and even confuse the eyes of flower watchers. In other people's poems, this kind of writing is rare, and this unique feeling is just Bai Juyi's personal experience when enjoying the scenery of the West Lake. Colorful flowers are blooming all over Shan Ye. Against the backdrop of lakes and mountains, Bai Juyi has no idea where to look and how to tell the difference between them. The phrase "flowers are getting more and more charming" means to stop and look closely, while "shallow grass can't have horseshoes" is already an outing on horseback. It is a very pleasant thing to travel freely with two or three friends on the West Lake where the grass grows and the flowers bloom. The horse seemed to realize its owner's relaxed interest on its back and stepped on it slowly. The poet accidentally caught a glimpse of the fluctuation of horseshoes on the grass and found it particularly interesting. He wrote it into the poem, which was a random stroke, but it added a lot of lively interest and elegant leisure to the whole poem.
Belinsky, an aesthete, once said, "In any case, beauty emanates from the depths of the soul, because natural scenery cannot be absolutely beautiful, and this beauty is hidden in the souls of those who create or observe them." Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang just illustrates this aesthetic of truth. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, there will be some unsatisfactory places, but in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world, because he is not only good at observing, but also good at discovering and experiencing. Or in the film and television scenery, I can't help but feel infinite yearning when I hear and see the beautiful scenery, but often once I am there, I feel far less moving and beautiful than I thought. This is because people can't look at the natural landscape with the eyes of discovery and appreciation, but travel with preconceived, excessive and even some critical eyes. Throughout the ages, the West Lake has shown people wonderful spring scenery, and many people have witnessed the spring scenery of Xizi Lake. But there are few works that can be widely read in the end. It is precisely because Bai Juyi has a rare aesthetic appreciation that he can find its moving place among countless tourists in the West Lake and truly enjoy this paradise on earth endowed by nature. Bai Juyi didn't see many "early warblers" and "new swallows", only "a few places" and only "whose home". If it is someone else, he may feel sorry that there is no season of swallows in "everywhere" and "every family", and he thinks it would be good to come ten and a half days late. However, Bai Juyi doesn't think so. There are few advantages. It is because of scarcity that "early warbler" and "new swallow" feel the joy of spring. If the poet doesn't have a young heart and a heart that loves life and spring, I'm afraid he won't be moved and intoxicated by these spring herald newspapers, but will happily write this touching poem. It is precisely because of this that he can smell the flowers and plants, see the beautiful scenery of the fragrant grass, be fascinated by the wild flowers dotted everywhere, and sigh for the grass that has not crossed the horseshoe. Bai Juyi is lucky, because he has a pair of eyes to discover beauty and spring, so he can't help but linger in the beautiful scenery of the West Lake: "I love the lack of lake in the east and the white sand embankment in under the greenwood tree, Qingyang." When Bai Juyi was a historian in Hangzhou, he did build dikes to store water and irrigate people's fields. However, the dike is in the north of Qiantangmen, but later generations mistook Bai Causeway for a dike built for nothing.
This poem is like a short and pithy travel note, from Gushan and Jiading to Hudong and Bai Causeway. Along the way, in the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains, green mountains and green waters, the poet feasted his eyes, sang and danced, and was intoxicated by the birds and flowers. Finally, he reluctantly left along the white sand embankment under the shade of willows. My ears are still echoing the hymns of spring played by all things, and beautiful poems full of the interest of natural integration flow in my heart involuntarily.
Predecessors said that "Lotte's poems are full of emotions, which enter people's liver and spleen, follow things, and are everywhere" (Su Hua), and that "Lotte's poems are extremely profound and lovely, and they often take what is in front of them as their own words, while others have not done it" (China). The language of this poem is simple, fresh and natural, and carefully selected shots are written into the poem by line drawing. Vivid image, that is, the scene is emotional, and the author's joy when he visited the lake in the early spring with abundant business is worthy of the above comments.
background
In July (822), the second year of Tang Muzong Changqing, Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and in March (825), Tang Jingzong Baoliyuan was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou. Therefore, this poem "Qiantang Spring Tour" was written in the spring of the third and fourth years of Changqing (823 and 824).