He used to be the magistrate of Dexing County, the magistrate of Jiande, the township, the supervisor of Huzhou tax, the signing of books, the judge of ZhongWu Jun and Zhen 'an Army, the supervisor of Yongfengcang and other local officials. Due to repeated recommendation of courtiers, he was called to Song Renzong in the third year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (105 1) and won a scholarship.
In May 4th (1052), Dr. Taichang became an official. This year, he may have participated in the compilation of "Tai Chang Yin Gree". Immediately supervise Yongjicang.
In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (1053), in June, why did Lin Bu compose a poem for Mrs. Jing? In the winter of the same year, our mother Shu and her family returned to the south.
In the first year of He Zhi (1054), Mei, who was in mourning in Xuancheng, studied medical books and often treated nearby farmers. Since then, I have been to Yangzhou and Bianjing.
In the first year of Jiawu (1056), Zhao Bi and Ouyang Xiu, bachelor of Hanlin, recommended Mei. The following year, Mei was appointed as the editor of Tang Shu, and imperial academy spoke directly. In the same year, Ouyang Xiu and other officials made contributions, and Mei served as an examination officer. May Yao Chen works in Beijing, and his footprint is "not at the gate of power". Even for Ouyang Xiu, an official in Zhao Yin, he doesn't want to go to his home. At this time, Ouyang Xiu, Jiang Xiufu and Wu Zhongfu often visited. In the same year, he was promoted to an official of Shangshu, so he was called "an official of Dumei".
Mei wrote twenty-six volumes of Tang Shu, which corrected many mistakes in the old history. Renzong asked him to participate in the compilation of New Tang Book. After the book was written, Mei died in Bianjing on April 25th, five years (1May 27th, 060) at the age of 59. In order to reward his achievements, Renzong specially employed one of his sons as an official. On July 9, the same year, Ouyang Xiu and others paid tribute to Mei and Ouyang Xiu in Bianjing.
Mei was transferred to the county magistrate of Jiande (now dongzhi county, Anhui Province) in the first year of Jingwu in the Northern Song Dynasty (1034) until Jingwu (1038), and served as an official in Jiande County for five years. He is honest and clean, lofty and self-sustaining, able to observe the sufferings of the people and do a lot of things that benefit the people. He often went to the rural people's homes to visit incognito, talked with farmers, bricklayers and poor women, understood the sufferings of the people, and personally rushed to the scene of forest fires and flooded streams for on-the-spot inspection; He got rid of the medical accident and did it himself. Jiande was a small mountain county at that time, and there was a dilapidated bamboo fence outside the county government, which needed to be repaired, so it became an excuse to extort money from officials. After Mei Yao Chen came, she decisively replaced it with an earthen wall and planted a pile of bamboo in the courtyard. In memory of Mei, the local people named the county town "Meicheng", which has continued to this day. Where there are official positions, many people build shrines for them. Wu Shidao praised him as "kind, easy-going, gentle and sincere" in "The Palace of Mei".
Although Mei is extremely dissatisfied with his official career, he enjoys a high reputation in poetry. With infinite grief, anguish, longing and pain, he wrote many exciting poems. At that time, he was as famous as Su Shunqin and enjoyed a high reputation in the poetry circle. He was called "Su Mei" and made friends with Ouyang Xiu. Both of them were promoters of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on the Song Dynasty. Instead of being called "Ou Mei". He actively supported Ouyang Xiu's ancient prose movement, and his poems were divided into ancient prose and simple prose, which were highly praised by people at that time. Ouyang Xiu once thought that his poems were inferior to Sebrina's. Lu You once quoted the poems of Ouyang Xiuwen, Cai Xiangshu and Mei in Preface to Mei Bie Ji.
Mei's early poetry creation was influenced by poetry school. Later, because he cared about reality and was close to the people, his poetic style gradually changed, and he put forward a poetic theory that was tit-for-tat with Quincy School. He emphasized the tradition of The Book of Songs and Li Sao, and advocated that poetry creation must be inspired by events and things (A Poem to the Third Son of Han Hua, the Lord of the Five Koreas), and abandoned the flashy and ethereal poetic style.
In art, Mei pays attention to the imagery and implicit artistic conception of poetry, and puts forward the famous artistic standard (quoted from Ouyang Xiu's Poems on June 1) that "a painting is difficult to write in front of you, and the implication is endless", and advocates a dull artistic realm: a poem is difficult to write without the past or the present, and it is difficult to simply create. ("Reading Shao Buyi's Poems")
Mei's creative practice is consistent with her creative ideas. His poems are rich in realistic content and wide in subject matter. Knowing about rural life, he wrote some works that cared about the fate of farmers in his early days, such as Four Seasons at Home, Wounded Mulberry, Looking at Crops, New Cocoons and so on. Later, he wrote Tian Yujia, describing the disaster and pain caused by exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees to farmers. His masterpiece Rufen's Poor Woman, through the crying of a poor woman, profoundly reflects the tragic experience of the broad masses of the people. Some of his poems express his concern for state affairs. Such as Xiangcheng to Snow, So the Original War, etc. Other chapters, such as Bi Yin, Qiao Fu, The Mausoleum of Ouyang Yongshu and Hu Mengxing, show his hatred of conservative and decadent forces. He also wrote many landscape poems, including Cold Grass, Watching Cowherd Flute Crossing the River, Watching Cockfighting at Night and so on, which contained profound philosophy in ordinary scenery or things. Mei's poetry is plain in style and implicit in artistic conception. He is good at drawing clear and novel landscape images in simple and natural language. For example, A Journey to Lushan Mountain describes the desolate and quiet scenery in the mountains in late autumn. In addition, Dreams of a Thousand Miles, The Broken Moon and Chickens in a City (Send Ouyang Yongshu after Dreams), The most leisurely sleep on the shore, The Old Tree with Flowers Without Ugly Branches (Dongxi) and I don't know for a few days upstairs are all beautiful stories written by Italian language workers. However, his poems sometimes have a strange and clever side, such as The Yellow River and Dreams on the River, which are magnificent and different from his general style. Influenced by Han Yu and Meng Jiao, his poems tend to be overly argumentative and dull in art, and sometimes his language is too simple and blunt, lacking in literary talent. These shortcomings can be regarded as the price paid for correcting the flashy poetic style.
He made an important contribution to the development of the Song Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu called Mei's poem "like a witch girl, old age has its own residual state." Liu Kezhuang called him "the founder of the Song Dynasty" in Houhua. Gong Xiao said that he "got rid of floating habits, got rid of the extreme disadvantages of Kun style, kept the way of Gu Zhuo, and stood out from others" (appendix of Mr. Wan Ling's Collection), and Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden from Conghua Collection" said that "Yu Sheng poets are plain and unique". Qian Zhongshu called him: "Advocating' plain' had a high reputation and great influence at that time."
Mei's creative activities began in the ninth year of Tiansheng (103 1) and lasted for thirty years until her death. At the age of 30, together with Ouyang Xiu and Athena Chu, he launched a massive poetry innovation movement. Although Ouyang Xiu gained greater popularity later, at the beginning of its launch, Mei Yao Chen undoubtedly occupied a leading position. Poets in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Ouyang Xiu, later Wang Anshi, Liu Chang and even later Su Shi, were all influenced by him and admired him. Ouyang Xiu always called Mei an "old poet" to express his inner admiration. Therefore, it can be said that Mei's influence on the poetry circle in the Northern Song Dynasty is enormous.
Lu You thinks that he is the first writer after him, and the so-called "suddenly crossing Yuan and the author" is here. In his Stone Manuscripts, Lu You called himself "like Mr. Wan Ling" and "like Mr. Wan Ling" in eight places. Liu Kezhuang, a poet at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, called Mei "the ancestor of the Song Dynasty" in "Houcun Poetry", which had a great influence on his works and made it very clear.
However, since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, few people have paid attention to Mei's literary criticism. It was not until the end of the Qing Dynasty that Mei was paid attention to because of the Song Poetry Movement, and experts began to learn from Mei. Its influence continues to this day.
The evaluation of Wang Shu in past dynasties: there is no such work in 200 years!
Ouyang Xiu: ① Mei is famous for her poems, so she can't take up her post at the end of 30 years. In his later years, he wrote the Book of the Tang Dynasty, but the book died before it was played, which made the scholar-officials lament. Don't be poor or sleepy. Don't dwell on difficulties, don't do whatever you want. Raise its peace and make a sound. The more muddy the earthquake, the more shocked the audience. In order to publicize its purity and broadcast its English. Become its name and tell the ghost. (3) is an article, simple and pure, only the world knows. However, when there is no virtuous fool, the poet must seek holiness; Yu Sheng is also happy to write poems because of his unsuccessful people. So what he did all his life, especially in poetry. ... wouldn't it be great if it was used in the imperial court as an ode to the merits of the Great Song Dynasty and recommended the Qing Palace, while chasing the truffle author in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties? (4) Yu Sheng talented, is a scholar in the southeast. Jade mountain is high, reflecting my poor shape. Li Sao is a metaphor for grass, and poets know birds and beasts. The competition in the city is fierce, so you can't learn. On weekdays, he is polite and virtuous, preferring long-distance running. Han Meng is equal in literary works. Lonely for two hundred years, the treasure is buried. Death in the suburbs is not an island, but Yu Sheng hides it. Out of the world, lonely in the frost. ⑥ Zi Mei's pen power is magnificent, and it is surprising to surpass others. The sage Yuqin's thought is implicit, with profound leisure as the meaning, and each article is extremely long.
Sima Guang: I have a lot of poems. I have nothing in my body. His name is composed of prose, and his years are immortal. I won a poem by Yu Sheng. What fruit do you have at home? It is better to keep it as a treasure for future generations than to have a thousand-year-old pearl.
Wang Anshi: Poetry began in the Spring and Autumn Period before the world, and the white boat began when the national style declined. I appreciate this sentence, but I can still sing in harmony. Before Wang Ze was poor, he stole it, and the author was ashamed, and his voice was urgent. The real person gave another flow that day, and Du Shengmei Palace asked for it in time. Eulogize the outstanding achievements of civil and military affairs, and scatter Kyushu across strange latitudes. Not if all people are young and clever. Weng can't rest if he works hard, and regrets those names he didn't pick. Noble people pity the public and have green eyes, boasting that they can make the Gao Cen Tower, but they are invisible under the seat. I can ask for money to help feed distillation, which is suspected to be hidden. Living under Confucius and Mencius, Zou Lu was buried, and then Zhuo Yi was called a mound. Sage and destiny j spear, strong and sincere. The poet is poor and sad, and Du Li is not a duke. It is better for the public to see the poor throw themselves at each other. Urging is not a good idea, tiger and leopard stay dead. Floating under the sewer, the scroll of the chalk book hangs without embarrassment. High Wanli Tang mourns the hoary head, and looking east makes my business sound.
Liu Chang: The oldest poet, with a reputation of 30 years. Chapter covers the sea, not only Lu and Zou. I saw it with my own eyes today. Holding a whip is what I want. More importantly, I will go to church and pay in advance.
Sister Zhang Yun: Mei is like a Taoist in the mountains, eating grass and wood. When the princes saw it, they did not feel bent down.
Lu You: ① When I was at my peak, my husband was an official. At the same time, there were many great men and giants, while Ouyang Gong's writings, Cai Shu and Mr. Wang's poems were all famous. Writing like Yin Shilu, writing like, poetry like a generation of history, isn't it enough to hang in the world? If it weren't for the comparison of the three schools, this common public opinion would still exist. Mr Zhuo Wei is very talented. He is good at poetry, not waiting to learn. But learning is second to none. Fang put pen to paper, the words were written like a tripod cast by Dayu, the sentences were practiced like Hou Kui's interest, and the articles were written like the sum of the Duke of Zhou, so that later talented people wanted to learn but could not, praised but could not, and took them according to the situation. Ouyang often thinks that he despises Mr. Wang and makes him an old poet. Wang calls himself. Tiger figure poetry. Not as good as the tiger painted by Mr. Baoding, but also given Mr. Cry a poem, which is especially admired. ..... Su Hanlin is an ancient poet, but there are only two poems by Mr. Yuanming and Mr. Yuanming. (2) sudden success and independence. As the old saying goes, "Every family has its own hard-to-read classics". Zhao Bi is priceless, Sui Ming. A cursory glance at the outline is enough to comfort your life. 3 Du Li is no longer, Mei Gong is really strong! If the top door is open, it's not just a bone change. Exercise is effortless, and the source comes from itself. I have been solving problems all my life, and the blade has been restored by myself.
Liu Kezhuang: Wan Ling was the founder of poetry in this dynasty. Wanling came out, and then he felt at ease, and his elegance continued, and his credit was not under Ou and Yin.
Fang Hui: ① Ouyang Gong's absence became a poem by Li Taibai and Han Changli. Su Zimei is at odds with each other. Mei was an outstanding figure in the Tang Dynasty, so he retired in the late Tang Dynasty. (2) Meiye, spring is beautiful, Ouyang Yongshu respects and fears. ..... there is a tendency not to see that it is hard work, there is an eternal box, and I don't realize that it is useful, so this is a profound commitment. (3) First of all, I admire Mei's skill. There is a wind in the prosperous Tang dynasty, and it is under the prosperous Tang dynasty.
Tuotuo: The work is a poem with profound and ancient meaning and originality. ..... Song Xing, a famous poet, is famous all over the world for his Sebrina. He has almost no cover.
Hu Yinglin: Mei's poems are peaceful, simple and far-reaching, light but not withered, beautiful and elegant, which is really the highest among Song people.
G: Poets in Song Dynasty wrote poems for Europe, Mei, Su, Huang, Wang, but the later waves pushed the former waves.
Ji Yun: Poetry in the early Song Dynasty is still being studied in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. Liu Kai and Mu Xiu tried to change their style, while Yu Wang tried to change his poetic style, but they both failed. Ouyang Xiu rose to be a hero and tried to restore the ancient style. At that time, there were Ceng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Chen Shidao and Huang Tingjian. It's not obvious yet Athena Chu who helped change the style; It was Sebrina who helped to change the poetic style. ..... However, Yao Chen's poems are boring, and everyone who knows them hopes.
Stone: after the Ming dynasty, the name was heavy | gentry. The house is near Canglang, and Germany has its neighbors.
Qian Jibo: ① Song's articles can't distinguish the two, but they are both from the Tang Dynasty: ... One of them was originally Han Yu; From Liu Kai, Mu Xiu to Shijie, Ou Yangxiu, Mei, Wang Anshi, Su Xun and his son, Shi, Zhe Brothers, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, etc., the gas quickly dispersed and vigorously dispersed Maoxing, which was beneficial to the development of Wen Song, but different from Tang Ge. 2 being kind and easy-going, never complacent; His poverty, anger, ridicule and ridicule are all in the poem; However, I think it's fun and there is no resentment. ..... five words thin, hard and fat, originated in Meng Jiao; If you are angry and bully, you will climb Han Yu; The ups and downs are bright, and Bai Juyi is beside him. (3) A poet in the early Song Dynasty, Taige Kunti, specializing in Li Shangyin, was mentally exhausted. Where there are people in the mountains, there is no Yao He, and the potential is small. From Su Shunqin, I caught a glimpse of Du Li, but the strength of Song poetry began to rise and the spirit began to relax. When he arrived in Mei, he specialized, but the style of Song poetry began to sharpen and the pen began to grow.
Xia Jingguan: I was born in the Song Dynasty, and I admire Mei Yao Chen the most.
The main work "Mei" has 40 volumes of collected works, which has been lost. There are 60 volumes of Wan handed down from ancient times, and one volume of Mei's Poetry Review, with one of ten (or eleven) articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War. There are also 20 volumes of Biography of Mao Poetry and 26 volumes of Records of the Tang Dynasty. The Complete Song Poetry records 25 volumes of his poems, the Essence of Song Poetry records 24 poems and The Complete Song Poetry records 3 poems.
Anecdotal allusions When Su Shi was in a Jinshi exam, Mei served as the examiner, assisted the examiner Ouyang Xiu in marking papers, and found Su Shi's "On Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment", which included the words "For a scholar, you must kill people, say three kills, and Yao says three kills". After marking the papers, he recommended Su Shi's papers to Ouyang Xiu for marking. Ouyang Xiu asked, "What book is this?" Mei Yaochen said, "Why do you need a source?" Ouyang Xiu thinks that only people occasionally forget the source, but he is also quite shocked by Su Shi's talent. However, Ouyang Xiu thought it was probably written by disciple Ceng Gong, but in order to avoid suspicion, he took it as the second one. When the list was announced, Ouyang Xiu saw Su Shi's name and said to Mei Yao Chen at the beginning: "What he wrote must be based, but unfortunately we can't remember it." When Su Shi came to thank Ouyang Xiu, Ouyang Xiu asked about the origin of his test paper. Su Shi gave the same answer as Mei Yao Chen: "Why do you need a source?" Ouyang Xiu appreciated his heroism and sighed.
Mei, a tea-picking official, once went deep into the tea area of Guangang, personally inspected the whole process of tea growth climate, picking, making tea and selling, and wrote "There are beautiful teas in the South": "There are mountains and plains in the South, and it is ridiculous to produce beautiful teas without digging." Legend has it that he gave up throwing pens, stroked his beard and said with a smile, "I am a tea picker!" " "He also wrote a poem:" Whether the tea leaves are cooked or green, picking lotus leaves is more complicated. "He combined tea and lotus leaves into the beauty of Jiande. When I was traveling in Meishan Temple, I wrote a poem "You Meishan Temple", which said, "Spring Mountain Day is lovely because I visited the old Zen Palace. The road goes around dangerous streams, and the bridge rafters pass through ancient trees. Outside the house, white chickens crow and green water passes through the court. How can a person sit in the past like a friend or relative? "
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