Source of works
Leyuan Garden is a poem by Li Shangyin, a poet in Tang Dynasty. This poem is a five-character quatrain.
This poem eulogizes the scenery of Yuan Ye before dusk and expresses his feelings. The reasons for going out to visit the original place in the first two issues: I drove to the original place because I was not feeling well at dusk; The last two sentences strongly admire the beauty of the evening scene: under the afterglow of the sunset, draw a golden world. The latter two poems have always been well-known, with rich meanings and high aesthetic and ideological values. The language of the whole poem is clear as words, without carving, with bright rhythm, deep feelings and rich philosophy.
original work
Leyouyuan scenic spot
In the evening, I was unhappy and drove to Gu.
Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.
Word annotation
⑴ Leyuan Scenic Area: In the south of Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), it was the highest place in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, established Leyou Temple, also known as Leyou Garden. Boarding it is expected to be Chang 'an. Le Garden Scenic Area is a part of Yichun Garden in Qin Dynasty, which was named after the early Western Han Dynasty. "History of Han Dynasty Xuandi Ji" states, "After three years as a god, I will be happy in the garden". Xu, the first empress of Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, died after giving birth and was buried here. Because "Yuan" and "Yuan" are homophonic, Leyuan Garden is called "Leyuan Garden Scenic Area". There is a record in Records of Guanzhong: "Xuan Di Hou Xu was buried in Leyou, Chang 'an County. The temple was built in the north of Qujiang Lake, and it was named Leyou Temple, which was named after the garden (Chang 'an Records was mistakenly written as a burial word)."
(2) Evening: Evening. Discomfort: displeasure, unhappiness.
(3) Guyuan: refers to Leyuan Scenic Area.
(4) near: soon. ?
Translation of works
I was in a bad mood at night and drove to Guyuan.
The sunset is infinitely beautiful, buried by the coming night.
Creation background
Leyuan Scenic Area is a tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty. Until the turn of the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Leyuan Scenic Area was still a good place for Beijingers to visit. At the same time, because of its high geographical position, literati often come here to express their feelings with poems. Poets in the Tang Dynasty left nearly 100 quatrains in Leyuan Scenic Area, which have been praised by people all the time, and Li Shangyin is one of them.
Li Shangyin lived in the late Tang Dynasty, when there were few national games left. Although he is ambitious, he can't show it and is very depressed. At the age of twenty-five, Li Shangyin was chosen as a scholar by Ling Hu Mao, the son of Ling Hu Chu. Linghu Chu died soon, and was valued by Wang Maozhi and married his daughter to him. Since Wang Maozhi was an important figure of the Li Party, Li Shangyin was caught in the struggle of the Niu Li Party and was extremely frustrated in the officialdom. This song "Le Garden Scenic Area" is a true portrayal of his depressed mood.
Mengxing Cheng's Notes on Li Yishan's Poems: "This poem is regarded as the mourning of Wu Zong, when Yishan went to Heyang to retire from Taiyuan and went to Beijing to have a fun garden scenic spot in four years (844) and five years. Wu Zongyingmin TEDA, a bit like Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty, appointed Deyu as the prime minister and Ke took Taiyuan, which was promising in the Tang Dynasty, hence the name "Seeing the sun, for Wanrong". However, Wang Cairen, who was favored by Wang Cairen, took a fancy to Sendai and named Liu Xuanjing as a bachelor. With technology, he no longer feels sorry for his illness. Those who know it know that it can't last long, so a mountain is worried and thinks it's' near dusk'. "
works appreciation
This poem reflects the author's sadness. When the poet boarded the Leyuan Scenic Area to dispel the feeling of "discomfort", he saw the splendid sunset and was filled with emotion.
The first two sentences of this poem, "There is a shadow in my heart, and I have driven up among the tombs of Leyou", pointing out the time and reason for going to Guyuan. "Night" means it's getting dark, and "uncomfortable" means unhappy. The poet is in a melancholy mood. In order to relieve boredom, he drove out to see the scenery, so he boarded the ancient plain, that is, Leyuan Scenic Area. Since ancient times, poets have been sentimental and sentimental, but whenever they look far up, they are more likely to arouse endless thoughts: the sadness of home and country, the feeling of life experience, the feelings of ancient and modern times, and the thoughts of heaven and man are often intertwined, full of grievances, and almost unspeakable. As soon as Chen Ziang boarded the Youzhou Ancient Terrace, he uttered a sigh of "I miss heaven and earth, and there is no limit, no limit", which is probably the most representative example. Li Shangyin's visit to "I'm already in Leyou Graves" is not to find love, but to dispel his feeling of "twilight in my heart".
The last two sentences, "to see the sun, for all his glory, buried by the coming night", describe such a picture: the sunset is reflected, the sunset is all over the sky, the mountains are rouge, and the weather is myriad. The poet integrated the feeling of the decline of the times, the pain of the destruction of his home country and the sadness of his later years into the scenery in the sunset. Infinitely Good is a warm praise for the setting sun. However, the word "Gang" turned into deep sorrow. This is a sigh of the poet's inability to retain good things. These two sentences are profound philosophical sayings, which imply that the scenery is so enchanting because it is infinitely beautiful near dusk. This lamentation, which is close to the epigram, is very profound. Some people think that the sunset is a sigh of old age and poverty. Some people think that this is a positive optimism, because poets love life and are persistent in the world. In fact, it is not only a natural scene in the sunset, but also a sigh of the times. Li Shangyin, a poet, foresaw a serious social crisis through the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty empire and expressed his inner helplessness. The profound philosophical implications contained in these two poems have been widely quoted by later generations and used for reference by all aspects of human society; It also extends, sublimates and even does the opposite, turning negative into positive, turning decadent into magic and generating new meanings. Therefore, it has extremely high aesthetic value and ideological value.
This poem is a rare masterpiece of Li's poetry with clear language, no carvings, lively rhythm, profound regret and rich philosophy.
Famous comments
Guan Shiming's Preface to Reading Tang Poems in Snow Mountain House: "The poems in Leyuan Scenic Area have good news, and the quatrains are unprecedented."
Zhou believes that Yuxi's poem has been misunderstood by predecessors for a long time. Later generations interpret "gang" as meaning of "gang" and "but", and think that Yuxi is a lament, with few good times and "a reflection of declining negative emotions", and so on. As we all know, the ancient word "Gang" didn't have this meaning. Originally written as "only", it means "not" and "only", so it means "yes" and "exactly". There are other examples, not to mention Yuxi herself. There is a good example. He wrote in the chapter "Jinse": "This situation can be remembered, and I don't know when I come!" It means: it was (exactly) at that time that it was difficult to name it. Some people interpret this "just at that time" as "even at that time", which has become a hypothetical word. "Just at that time" has never been meaningful, so it is difficult to confuse it. ?
Brief introduction of the author
Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Yishan,No. Yuxi Sheng, Fan Nansheng. A native of Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan). In 837 AD, he was also a scholar. He used to be county commandant, secretary of Lang, and judge of Dongchuan Festival. In the struggle between Niu and Li, he was pushed out and lived in poverty all his life. Poetry has made great achievements, "praising history" poems are full of irony, and "untitled" poems are famous. He is good at law and unique, rich in literary talent and unique in style, but there are too many useful classics with obscure intentions. There are poems by Li Yishan.