Step 1: Find the amount directly and hit the text directly. The time is five minutes.
The first step in reading is to understand and feel directly without any prejudice or explanation. In other words, to teach students to read, we must first teach students to read like ordinary readers. As an ordinary reader, to get "Ji Xiang Xuanzhi" is not to read the translation first, not to know the background materials first, but to face the text directly. I quoted three materials:
In order to learn to read, you must be patient and understand carefully ... you must go to a heavy one today and a heavy one tomorrow, so that you can see the meat. Look at the meat, and you will see the bones. Bone marrow can only be seen if the bone is removed. -Zhu
Throughout the ancient and modern times, most of them are true, and they are all straight. -Zhong Rong's poem
If you understand the scene, you either "push" or "knock", which will be one of them. Because the scene is naturally wonderful, why bother to bring it up? At first, there was no fixed scenery. "I call the woodcutter on the river" was unexpected at first. Then the so-called "present quantity" of the Zen family is also. -Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua"
Step 2: Emotional control
Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long: "Therefore, lovers are literary classics; Resignation is a rational latitude. " Ask a few students about their initial feelings about reading at random, and they will start with the genre of the article to grasp their emotions. This article is an essay, specifically "zhi", which means "narration". Those who remember people are called "knowing" and those who remember places are called "remembering". There is a sentence in the article that can sum up the author's feelings, and students can easily find it: "However, living here is both gratifying and sad." Then I asked another question, that is, what is the structural function of this sentence? It is also convenient for students to answer, and it is a link between the preceding and the following. Then a question arises: where should the sentences before and after the connection be placed? Let my classmates think about it. Where do they usually put transitional sentences? Many students said it was the beginning of the last paragraph, or a single paragraph. So, I told the students that it was unreasonable to put this sentence at the beginning of the first paragraph of the textbook of Guangdong Education Edition.
After finding this sentence, I asked another question: Please discuss Gui Youguang's Where is Joy and Where is Sadness from many aspects? This is also a core issue of this class.
Students first explore "where is happiness". To sum up, the answer is: beautiful environment, elegant residence, poetic reading life, rich spiritual world, sweet love marriage. In fact, this place is very humble, and it is not an exaggeration to call it a "humble room". But just like "a humble room is not humble", Gui Youguang can study freely here and enjoy his time alone. There are two details worthy of attention: First, "Gui Lan bamboo is planted in the court". Why do you plant "Gui Lan Bamboo" here? Why not plant big willows and poplars? In fact, bamboo in Gui Lan is not only a real plant, but also a symbol of some kind of spirit. Gui Lan, a symbol of a gentleman, a symbol of bamboo and wood, is elegant. These plants are just symbols of Gui Youguang's personal spiritual pursuit. The second is to "suppress singing and sit still." This kind of action will only appear when you are alone, and "holding your breath" or "sitting silently" in public will be regarded as a mental problem. In other words, "happiness" is a summary of our feelings as ordinary readers.
Secondly, students discuss in groups "Where is the sadness?" ? This question is actually very simple. Just summarize the meaning of the second paragraph, the third paragraph and the fifth paragraph respectively. It can be summarized as follows: family fortune is falling, falling apart, fame and fortune are hopeless, and there is no future. My mother drives a crane and my wife dies.
Step 3: Background analysis.
As a teacher, we should not only guide students to read, but also stand in a higher position, stand on a richer information position, supplement students with relevant knowledge, and let them understand the text more deeply. So, after the students mastered the article emotionally, I threw out three background materials:
1, family situation in Gui Youguang: "Why don't you go back to your hometown and build a county official seal?". Long Dao, a distant ancestor, was born in the Song Dynasty and once lived in Xiangjijing, Taicang County. Great-grandfather was promoted by Phoenix, and Guan Wucheng was appointed. Grandfather and father have no fame. Grandma's grandfather Xia Chang, secretary of Taichang Temple.
2. Gui Youguang's personal data: 1540, 33 years old, failed in eight subjects. /kloc-he was a scholar in 0/565. At the age of 60, he was made an order of Changxing County, Huzhou, and was later sentenced to Shunde (Xingtai). Nanjing Taibu Temple 1570 Cheng (from) is 65 years old. 157 1 year, died in Nanjing at the age of 66.
3. Writing background: The first to fourth paragraphs: written at the age of. Mother passed away: the author was 80 years old. My wife came and went: the author was 18 years old. Wife passed away: the author was 80 years old. The last paragraph: written at the age of.
After these three background materials, I once again lead the students into the text itself, especially paragraph 2345.
Before returning to China, it was an aristocratic family, but now it is divided. Uncle and uncle split up, chicken fly a dog to jump, Gui Youguang is studying in Nange. There are two interpretations of this problem: First, Gui Youguang can temporarily put aside family distractions, stay in his spiritual space and enjoy reading. In this sense, there is nothing more gratifying than this; Second, Gui Youguang is studying in Nange. Can he really put aside the right and wrong of his family? Perhaps, for him, reading is an escape. In other words, what appears to be joy is actually sadness, a sense of helplessness and hopelessness. He can't really put aside family feuds. Perhaps he wants to gain fame and revitalize his family by reading.
In fact, the following article also shows that Xuan is not a quiet place, but is often disturbed by the outside world. This kind of "interference" is both affection and fame. The author was only eight years old when his mother died. Seventeen-and eighteen-year-olds are very vague about things before they are eight, and so are ordinary people. It is in the constant retelling of others that I can build my childhood. The appearance of the old woman just provides the author with an opportunity to build a childhood world, especially the life related to his mother. Unfortunately, the old woman is still here, and the neck is still there, but her mother has already passed away. The so-called "the tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop, and the child wants to raise it and not wait for it."
Followed by the visit of the big mother. This clip is also very interesting. Grandma obviously came to visit on purpose, perhaps full of worries about the family's future or nostalgia for the family's past. In a word, he pinned all his hopes on Gui Youguang, who is still studying. She said three sentences. The first sentence is clear and directed at the author. These words are full of love. The second sentence is talking to himself, but it seems to be intended for the author to hear that several generations of our family have failed in reading, and no one has been an official to gain fame, so it is on you; The third sentence is also explicit, and I brought an elephant, saying that this is for my grandfather's use, and you can use the Taichang Temple. In fact, Gui Youguang never used this thing in his life, because his official position was too low, and he didn't have many opportunities to face the saints directly. There is another problem with this sentence. Even if Gui Youguang had the chance to use an elephant, he wouldn't use it too long, because the emperor would give it to himself.
The fourth paragraph is of little significance, but the fifth paragraph has been deleted. Personally, I found it very interesting and added it. The content of this paragraph is: Ji Xiangsheng said: "Shu Qing defends Dan points and benefits the world. Later, Qin Huang built a daughter with a clear platform. Liu Xuande and Cao Cao fought for the world, and Zhu Gekongming started in Longzhong. The ignorance of both parties is in one corner. How can the world know? The rest of the area is in a broken house, and everyone knows that there are wonders with a blink of an eyebrow. What's the difference between them and frogs in Kanjing? " This passage is self-deprecating, but it is more of a lofty ambition and a self-confidence arising from reading.
The fifth paragraph of this article is about getting along with and leaving with his wife. There is a sentence worth noting in the article: the wife returned to Ningxiang and said to her sisters, "I heard that my sister has a cupboard. What is it?" This sentence actually implies the deep affection between the author and his wife. Imagine, my wife just accidentally mentioned Nan Gezi at home. I don't think anyone will care. Only by repeating it many times will others be impressed. And the original text is "Zhu Xiaomei", indicating that the author has not only said it to a certain sister, but has said it many times and told everyone. What's the use of saying such simple sentences? In fact, in the wife's view, this is the place where her husband studies, even a sacred place. Although too humble, but very happy, very proud of her husband. "Love me, love my dog", and vice versa, also makes sense. It is precisely because his wife is full of affection for the author that she keeps telling others about her husband's study in Nangezi. One more question. The author's wife is not well educated. She can't write and knows nothing about history and culture. That's why she "learned ancient things in the porch, or learned books from a few books." So when she relayed it, she didn't call this place "JiXiangXuan" but "Gezi", which is also in line with her wife's identity. From this detail, we can see that the author and his wife have deep feelings. Unfortunately, good people didn't live long. Six years later, his wife died, which once again brought a heavy blow to Gui Youguang when he was young. The loquat trees in the yard are lush and slim, but the Sri Lankan has left. What a pain!
The fourth step: aesthetic exploration.
After grasping the emotion of the article more deeply, my students and I entered the stage of aesthetic analysis. This has been discussed before. For example, Wang Xijue said in "Epitaph of Cheng Guigong in Taibu Temple": "What you do is to express what is in your arms, which is warm and elegant, like a device of clearing the palace, sighing and walking. I have no intention of touching people, but my thoughts of emotions and sorrows are beyond words. " Huang Zongxi said in the epitaph of Zhang Jie's mother Ye Ruren: "I am so affectionate that every time I see a little detail, I want to cry." Gai's history has no details, only this epic spirit will last forever. "
However, I made a little change. First of all, I changed my previous view of exploring what artistic achievements and writing methods are, but started the term "aesthetic inquiry". Secondly, I don't talk about cliches such as grasping the fragments and details of life, but introduce a term from American sinologist Yu Wensuo 'an: fragment aesthetics. Yu Wensuo 'an's book Remembrance-Reproduction of the Past in China's Classical Literature says: "Memories are composed of a series of fragments and details. The true and complete past does not exist, just some fragments of life and scattered details. " I set this session as a "language training" session, and the specific operation is as follows:
Firstly, it lists all kinds of "fragments" in the text, such as some language fragments, limb fragments, emotional fragments, action fragments and so on. For example, somewhere, but my mother is here. Is the child cold? Want to eat? Elephant. Look at the ruins, just like yesterday. Still rely on a few books. loquat
Then use two examples to demonstrate.
1, image: As a fragment, image is a symbol of fame and family prosperity. Gui Youguang's ancestors used to be a noble family. At that time, there was a saying that "it is better to return to China with a letter from the county magistrate", but neither his grandfather nor his father achieved fame and died in cloth, so the author's tender shoulders have begun to bear the heavy responsibility of starting a family.
2. Loquat Tree: Fragments of Loquat Tree not only carries the personnel changes, but also carries the author's deep thoughts for his wife. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yu Yan" records: "Huan Gong went north and passed Jincheng. He used to plant willows when he saw evil spirits, all of which were about ten. He said,' With all this wood, how can people be inferior!' Climbing branches and hugging sticks, tears streaming down her face. "Huan Gong is Huan Wen, lamenting that the years make people old, and Gui Youguang laments that the world has changed, and the loquat tree is slim, but his wife is gone forever. In contrast, the inner despair can be imagined.