Haining, Zhejiang, a wealthy family. Pen names Yun Zhonghe, Nanhu and Shizhe. Middle school is in the same class as Yu Dafu. 19 16 was admitted to Peking University. In the same year, she married Zhang Youyi, who was only 16 years old. 19 18 went to study in the United States. 1920 went to the University of Cambridge, England to study for a doctorate. During this period, Xu Zhimo had an extramarital affair with Lin, and left Cambridge in August of the same year. 1923, he founded the crescent society with Hu Shi and others as the main members. 1924, Tagore, a great Indian poet, visited China, with Xu Zhimo as translator, and then Thailand roamed Europe. In the same year, I met Lu Xiaoman, a married woman, and fell in love. 1June, 926, Lu Xiaoman and I got married. 1June 927, Professor of Shanghai Guanghua University,1June 929, Editor of Zhonghua Book Company. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/930, he was invited by Hu Shizhi to be a professor in Peking University. During this period, Xu Zhimo traveled between Beiping and Shanghai for a living. But it's still hard to satisfy Lu Xiaoman. He has made a new start, but it's hard to divorce again because of old feelings and face. He fell into deep pain. 193 1 year 1 year 1 year 65438+9 years, I flew from Nanjing to Beiping, and my plane crashed on the way, and I died at the foot of Mount Tai at the age of 35.
As a famous bourgeois gentleman poet in the history of modern literature in China, Xu Zhimo can be said to be the soul of new poetry, and it is not too much to call him a "philosopher of poetry" or a "poet saint". Mao Dun said that he was both a "pioneer poet" and a "last poet" of China bourgeoisie, and his successors could not catch up with him. His new poems are immortal, and his behavior and character are appreciated and loved by his peers, friends and students. Although his persistent pursuit of love is a romantic story in the literary world and he has many regrets, his pure humanitarian feelings of advocating freedom, equality and fraternity and his spirit of pursuing the true meaning of life are earth-shattering. No wonder the tragic news of this young poet shocked the world. Hu Shilian shouted: "Genius died suddenly, but China literature was lost!" Among his many friends, including Liang Qichao, Yu Dafu, Chen Xiying and Liu Haisu. , Chen, and Shen Congwen, etc. There is no one who does not admire and admire his talent and conduct, just as Shen Congwen said: "He is handsome, tolerant, informal, not tacky, not stingy, not snobbish, his enthusiasm for life in the universe, and his personality is beautiful and radiant. It shows his personality charm.
As the soul of the Crescent Society, his achievements in poetry creation should be regarded as the literary standard of this century, and Gu Nie's prose style is also unique. Chen Xiying, Shen Congwen, Liang Shiqiu and Zhou Zuoren all praised the beauty of his writing style, and his students admired him even more. Zhao believes that there is no other essayist like Xu Zhimo who is gorgeous and gushing in writing. Some people even think that the unique style of his prose is "a poetic form". In any case, Xu Zhimo's prose has its unique charm. Hu Shi said that Xu Zhimo's outlook on life has only three words: one is love, the other is freedom and the third is beauty. It really hit the nail on the head. As a bourgeois writer full of poetic temperament, Xu Zhimo's short life journey not only shows the naive romance of this prodigy, but also reveals the naive absurdity of this idealist living in utopia. In his prose, it is not difficult to see his embarrassment and comity in measuring China's national conditions with Anglo-American democracy, and under this circumstance, there is also a patriotic heart of intellectuals. Xu Zhimo is not only a lover in love, but also a childlike boy in politics. Many of his essays exposed the darkness of society, attacked the disadvantages of the times, and showed the impassioned humanitarian feelings of bourgeois literati. Of course, if we talk about the profound meaning of Xu Zhimo's prose, I'm afraid we don't have Lu Xun's profound sense of sharpness and broadness, Yu Dafu's sense of sophistication and vicissitudes, but its lyrical features are incomparable to any modern essayist. Its prose is always full of passion, even if it is decadent, it is hearty to read, and it is definitely not lingering.
Xu Zhimo seems to have a kind of "love for the moon" in his heart. As a symbol of love, the moon is always a beautiful condensation in his heart. This is explained in his essay Ghost Story. Chanting about the moon, loving the moon and enjoying the moon are also common in Xu Zhimo's prose, which just forms an internal connection with his love hymns and constitutes the soul of Xu Zhimo's poetry. In Xu Zhimo's love letters, the fiery flame of love in the once-popular love letter has burned the blood of countless young people. In these articles, the innocence and romance of love guru's persistent pursuit of love are truly reflected.
Xu Zhimo's poems and songs are unique in style. Like a woman who pursues beauty, the first thing he looks at is gorgeous appearance. Chu Anping once said in the article "Mourning for Mr. Zhimo": "The connotation is its bones, and the rhetoric is its appearance; The strongest house can't be regarded as its architectural art without some modern colors and contours. " This shows that Xu Zhimo's artificial style, colorful language and grandiose sentences directly constitute the external beauty of his prose, coupled with the surging internal passion, just like the "appearance" of a free and easy romantic genius. Perhaps it is because he pays too much attention to the beauty of appearance and form, but ignores the forging of life connotation, which makes his poems sometimes enter the realm of illusion and decadence. Of course, even if he expresses such connotation, it is full of the beauty of his gorgeous appearance. This proves that his love life is the same. The crisis in his later love affair with Lu Xiaoman was also the result of his initial attention to external beauty.
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Brief introduction of Xu zhimo's life
Xu Zhimo (1897 ~ 193 1) is a modern poet and essayist. Preface to seal script, pen names Nanhu, Yun Zhonghe, etc. Haining, Zhejiang. 19 15 graduated from Hangzhou No.1 Middle School and studied in Shanghai Hujiang University, Tianjin Beiyang University and Peking University successively. 19 18 went to the United States to study banking. 192 1 went to study in the uk and became a special student at Cambridge university in London, studying political economy. During my two years in Cambridge, I was deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetic poets in Europe and America.
192 1 Start writing new poems. 1922 After returning to China, he published a lot of poems in newspapers and periodicals. 1923 participated in the establishment of the new moon meeting. Join the literature research society. 1924 founded Modern Review with Hu Shi and Chen Xiying, and was hired as Professor Peking University. Translated by Tagore, a great Indian poet, when he visited China. 1925 has been to Europe, the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, France and other countries. From 65438 to 0926, he was the editor-in-chief of the supplement of Morning News Poetry Magazine, and started the metrical movement of new poetry with Wen Yiduo and Zhu Xiang, which influenced the development of new poetry art. In the same year, he moved to Shanghai and served as a professor at Guanghua University, Daxia University and Nanjing Central University. 1927 participated in the establishment of Crescent Bookstore. The following year, he served as editor-in-chief after the publication of New Moon. And traveled abroad to Britain, the United States, Japan and India. From 65438 to 0930, he was a member of the China Cultural Fund Committee and was elected as a member of the English Poetry School. In the winter of the same year, he taught in Peking University and Peking Women's University. 193 1 At the beginning of the year, he founded Poetry Quarterly with Chen and Fang, and was elected as the director of China Branch of Pen Club. In the same year165438+1October, 19, I flew from Nanjing to Peiping. Because the fog hit a mountain near Jinan, the plane crashed and died. He is the author of poetry anthology "Poems of Zhimo", "Cold Night Cui" and "Tiger". Travel in the clouds, essays such as Leaves, Scales of Paris, Autopsy and Autumn, novels and essays such as Roulette, drama Bian Kungang (co-written with Lu Xiaoman), diaries such as Aiza and Diary of Mo Zhi, and translation of Mansfield's novels. His works have been edited and published as Collected Works of Xu Zhimo. Xu Shi's poems are fresh, harmonious in rhythm, novel in metaphor, rich in imagination, beautiful in artistic conception, elegant in thought and full of changes. He pursues neatness and splendor in artistic form and has a distinct artistic personality. He is a representative poet of the Crescent School. His prose is also sui generis, and has achieved no less achievements than poetry, including Autopsy, Want to Fly and Cambridge as I Know it. Fei Lengcui and Mountain House Gossip are all masterpieces handed down from ancient times.
Respondent: Chen 200 13- Assistant II1-141:14.
Everyone upstairs introduced Xu Zhimo word for word, but I appreciate Xu Zhimo very much.
Respondent: Flying Moon Prince-probationary period level 1 1- 19 17:37.
The seventieth anniversary of Xu Zhimo's death is coming. A TV series reflecting the romantic poet's tearful life has been broadcast. The past is like smoke, except for the well-known poem A Farewell to Cambridge, many people have become indifferent to Xu Zhimo.
Only born to love, died for love.
Poets and writers have several situations: just like Mr. Guo Moruo, his life experiences are ups and downs, his works are vast, and there are disputes about his life before and after, so his life is naturally an epic. Or like Mr. Cao Yu, his writing is brilliant, and outsiders may know little about his life. Another example is Xu Zhimo, whose life is like lightning, and Shi Huo, whose bumpy life is even more dramatic than his works. Although his life was only 35 years, he left us many poems, such as Zhi Mo, Cold Night, Tiger, Wandering in the Clouds and so on. He and Wen Yiduo are called the founders of "Crescent School" poetry. Because "only born to love, die for love" is the purpose and long-cherished wish of Xu Zhimo's life creation. Although he had contacts with writers and poets of "Yusi School" and "Creation Society" who paid more attention to social issues at the same time, their contacts did not seem to be close. Interestingly, the members of "Yusi School" and "Creation Society" are mostly students studying in Japan, while Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu, Wen Yiduo and Liang Sicheng and Lin, who are closely related to Xu Zhimo, are mostly European and American students. After Xu Zhimo was killed, his poem Hai Yun, written to Lu Xiaoman, was set to music by Zhao Yuanren and became a "swan song" for a while. Xu Zhimo has always regarded Hu Shi, who is six years older than himself, as his brother. After Xu's death, the Diary of Zhimo, edited and published by Lu Xiaoman, recorded as follows: "Talking about power, doing everything, talking about books, poems, friendship, love, life, this and that, I don't feel that the night is getting shorter." It is obvious that the interaction between them is profound. When the bad news came, Hu Shi was even more sad. He wrote the article "Mourning Zhimo" to express his grief: "... his failure was because his beliefs were too simple and the real world was too complicated. His simple faith can't stand the destruction of this real world. "
Why did Xu Zhimo's pursuit of life fail? For women? For love? Or just because of his "simple faith"-"love, freedom and beauty"?
Three women I love all my life.
To say that the three women closest to Xu Zhimo's life: Zhang Youyi, Lin and Lu Xiaoman, are all extraordinary and well-known Jiangnan people.
Xu Zhimo's first wife, Zhang Youyi, was a rich and powerful family, and his brothers, Zhang Jun (Wan Li) and Zhang Gongquan, were influential "big names" in China's society, politics and finance at that time. Xu Zhimo dared to ask Zhang Youyi for a divorce in pursuit of Lin. It really takes some courage to ignore it. Zhang Youyi was not depressed because of Xu's "betrayal". She is sensible, continues to honor her in-laws and raise her son, and does not rely on the strength of her family to embarrass Xu Zhimo. Later, she resolutely went abroad and eventually succeeded in her career.
Lin, played by Xu Zhimo, has been in Beloved for more than ten years. She is a talented and beautiful working girl: an architect and an outstanding poet. His father, Lin Changmin, was the chief justice of Beiyang government and an unforgettable friend of Xu Zhimo. 193 1 At the end of the year, Lin learned that Xu Zhimo flew from Nanjing to Beijing by postal plane in order to save some money and catch her speech in the small auditorium of Union Medical College Hospital. He died in Jinan due to heavy fog on the way. In addition to arranging Xu Zhimo's funeral, he wrote a poem "Don't lose" the following year: "Don't lose/this passion,/... you still have to save the truth! /It's the moonlight,/It's the lights on the other side of the mountain,/There are stars all over the sky,/It's only invisible ... "1935, Lin published the article" Commemorating the Fourth Anniversary of Zhimo's Death ",in which there was a sentence" ... staring at the dark platform, silently remembering many discontinuous fragments ... ". She really took the plane fragments burned by Xu Zhimo home and put them in the living room until 1955 died.
Xu Zhimo's second wife, Lu Xiaoman, is a controversial media star in Beiping, and her father is a scholar and diplomat. She plays the piano, plays chess, calligraphy and painting, and knows everything in English and French. Her ex-husband Wang Geng graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point. He was a classmate with the commander-in-chief of the Anglo-American Allied Forces in World War II and former US President Eisenhower. After returning to China, he served as a senior general of the Northeast Army in Zhang. Speaking of it, it was precisely because he inadvertently led Lang into the room that Xu and Lu met and fell in love. In the end, the painter Liu Haisu and others mediated. Withdrawing from the "battlefield" without losing the soldier's demeanor-love, while Xu and Lu were able to have both talents and looks, became a great anecdote in the cultural circles of Beiping for a while. Later, LULU moved to Shanghai. Lu Xiaoman lived in luxury and smoked opium, which made Xu Zhimo's economy stretched and exhausted. In addition, Lu's affair also plunged the poet into depression and helplessness. It should be mentioned that after Xu's death, Lu Xiaoman made great efforts to edit Xu Zhimo's works into books. Rumor has it that Lu Xiaoman's evening performance is miserable and unbelievable. After the liberation of Shanghai, the first mayor, Marshal Chen Yi, was also a poet. Knowing that Lu Xiaoman had difficulty making a living, he arranged for her to work in CPPCC and became a member of CPPCC. It should be said that Lu Xiaoman's old age was peaceful.
"Falling flowers are still like falling people."
Xu Zhimo's untimely death is very embarrassing. But he is far from perfect. In the twenties and thirties of last century, warlords scuffled, foreign enemies pressed the border and the people were in dire straits. Although Xu Zhimo wrote many gorgeous poems, he was confined to his personal world: romantic love and affection. His will is fragile and changeable, drifting with the tide-this may be the root of his ultimate loss in the pursuit of life. Liang Qichao, Xu Zhimo's teacher, and Hu Shi, his good friend, all advised this romantic seed. Tagore, a great Indian poet, visited China in 1924, accompanied by Xu Zhimo and Lin, or Xu was criticized at that time because he was "immature" and "too enthusiastic". 1927 Mr. Lu Xun also pointed out the truth of "Shi Zhe" (the pseudonym of Xu Zhimo) in the article "Collection of Justice" and criticized his naming names. A person can attract such attention from all walks of life, or it shows that Xu Zhimo is different.
"Flourishing things chase incense and dust, flowing water makes grass spring, the east wind complains about birds at dusk, and falling flowers are still like falling from a building"-Xu Zhimo once described himself as "a snowflake" in the poem "The Happiness of Snowflakes". If the last two sentences in Du Mu's "Four Wonders" are changed from "crow bird" to "iron bird" and "man who fell off a building" to "man who fell off a plane", it is like a wonderful portrayal of the poet Xu Zhimo's life, even if it is not very uniform.