Looking at the proposition of poetic language appreciation in recent years, we can see that the proposition of this knowledge point mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) The proposition of Chinese appreciation mainly points to two levels: refining words and sentences; However, the language style of appreciating poetry gradually fades out of short-answer questions and dabbles in multiple-choice questions;
(2) The language appreciation of ancient poetry is mainly based on short answers, and objective questions (multiple choice questions) are becoming more and more popular (such as the new curriculum standard volume, Beijing volume and Shanghai volume).
Question 1: Appreciating the art of "refining words" in poetry
Questioning method
1. There is a sentence in the poem that is well used (or "always praised"). Please analyze it briefly.
2. What is the most vivid word in a sentence (couplet)? Please analyze it briefly.
3. Which do you think is better, a sentence in the poem or some versions of it? Why?
4. Appreciate the beauty of a word in a poem or explain the expressive effect of a word.
Answering skills
Fine words refer to those words in poetry that have been repeatedly scrutinized, used properly, accurately and vividly, and can vividly express the distinctive characteristics of things and emotions. The ancients called it word refining, mainly verbs, adjectives and function words (adverbs, conjunctions, etc. ). In addition, numerals and reduplication are often involved.
1
Verbs are concise, vivid and vivid, and have unique functions in writing landscapes, portraying characters and expressing ideas. Some polysemous and flexible verbs are the focus of the college entrance examination. For example, verbs such as "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, only heaven and earth are drifting endlessly" (Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower") are used appropriately and with great momentum, vividly describing the poet's feelings on Dongting Lake: there is an endless flood in front of him, as if the land in the southeast of the lake had cracked, and even the whole Gankun was floating on the water.
2. adjectives
Adjectives are words that express the characteristics, nature and state of people or things and play a decorative role. When adjectives are used as "refined words", we should pay attention to their semantic puns and use them flexibly. For example, the adjective "Man" in the sentence "Breaking the city and crossing the old river, flooding the peaks in autumn dusk" in Wang Wei's "Binding the Family to Songshan Mountain" is well used, which shows the broad feeling of the sunset in autumn mountains. For another example, the words "cold" and "old" in this sentence (Li Bai's "Climbing the North Building of Xie Tiao in Autumn") belong to adjectives and are used as verbs, which means that orange pomelo turns red in autumn, adding chill to people in the orange forest; The wind and frost in autumn made the phoenix tree old.
3. Quantifiers
Quantifiers in some poems are often rich and meaningful after careful consideration and refinement by poets. For example, "In Qiancun, Zita Law, a branch bloomed last night" (Zheng Gu's "Early Plum"), why did the original "several branches" finally become a "branch"? Because the title is "Early Plum", the words "several branches" are not as accurate as "one branch", which can better reflect the early season and highlight the poet's love for the "cold ling alone" early plum.
4. Adverbs
Some adverbs play an important role in accurately expressing feelings and feelings in poetry, and should not be easily let go when reading poetry. For example, there are two sentences in Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang, which are "Flowers are getting more and more colorful, and shallow grass can't have the sound of hooves". Among them, two groups of adverbs "gradual desire" and "talent" are used very safely. "Progressive desire" means that flowers come at me and make the poet feel more and more dazzling, and "talent" means the poet's joy and love for the birth of spring grass.