Textual research on Wen tianxiang s family background;
"Fu Tian Shi Wen" is the descendant of Wen Weng, the prefect of Shu County in the Western Han Dynasty. Shi Wen, the ancestor of Wen Tianxiang, migrated to Jizhou, Jiangxi Province, and opened a vein of Shi Wen in Fu Tian in Chunhua Township, Luling, Jizhou.
Wen Tianxiang said this in the article "The Deeds of Mr. Ge Zhai, the First Gentleman": "The First Gentleman tasted the genealogy, and the Wen family moved to Chengdu. Fifth (seventh-editor) Zu Bingran lived in the town, and his great-grandfather moved from Yonghe to Futian. " The Chronicle of Mr. Guan Wenshan, the right prime minister of Song Shaobao and the envoy of the Tang Dynasty (hereinafter referred to as the Chronicle) also said: "The Wen family in Luling went out of Chengdu, and Gong VI (the seventh-editor) lived in the town, and the fifth (the eighth-editor) lived in Futian." So now some people regard Wen Tianxiang as a Hakka, which is incorrect.
After Gong was selected, he won the first prize in the four years of Baoyou (1256) in the name of heaven, and successively awarded official duties, punishments for Langguan, Jiangxi punishments, Shangshu Zuosi Langguan punishments, Hunan punishments, and governor of Ganzhou. There is an anthology handed down from generation to generation by Mr Wenshan.
In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Song Gongdi (1275), due to the massive attack of the Yuan army, the defense line of the Yangtze River in Song Jun collapsed, and the imperial court ordered various places to organize military forces and soldiers to be loyal to him. Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his fortune as a military expense, recruited local heroes, and formed a rebel army of more than 10,000 people to go to Lin 'an. In Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and then ordered him to rescue Shangguan alone. Because of the fierce offensive of the Yuan Army, Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, but failed to stop the Yuan Army in the end.
In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin 'an, and civil and military officials fled. Empress Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and sent him out of the city to negotiate in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang arrived at the Yuan Army Camp, but was detained by Bo Yan. Seeing that the tide had run out, Empress Xie had to give up the city and surrender to the Yuan Army.
The Yuan Army occupied Lin 'an, but Huaihe River, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangxi were not completely controlled and occupied by the Yuan Army. So, Bo Yan tried to seduce Wen Tianxiang and use his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, so Bo Yan had to escort him to the north. Wen Tianxiang ventured to flee on his way to Zhenjiang. After many difficulties and obstacles, he arrived in Fuzhou on May 26th, the first year of Jingyan (1276), and was appointed as the right prime minister by Zhao Min, the late Emperor of Song Dynasty.
Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic politics and disagreed with Chen, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty and set up a government in Nanjian House (now Nanping, Fujian) as the same governor, commanding the anti-Yuan. Soon, Wen Tianxiang successively moved to Tingzhou (now Changting, Fujian), Zhangzhou, Longyan, Meizhou and other places, making contact with the anti-Yuan rebels in various places and persisting in the struggle. In the summer of the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tianxiang led troops from Meizhou to attack Jiangxi. After Yidu (now Du Yu, Jiangxi Province) won a great victory, Ganzhou was heavily attacked and Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province) was attacked, and many counties were recovered successively. In Yuan Dynasty, Xuanwei of Jiangxi made Hengli launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, conquered the remnants and retreated to Zhou Xun (the old rule was in Longxi, Guangdong). In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that the pilgrimage in the Southern Song Dynasty had been moved to Jianshan. In order to get rid of the predicament, he asked his army to meet the pilgrimage in the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army back to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan Army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Zhang Hongfan, a general of the Yuan Army, on his way to Haifeng, and was defeated and captured.
Wen Tianxiang tried to commit suicide by taking poison and was taken to Jianshan by Zhang Hongfan, asking him to write a letter to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said, "I can't protect my parents. Can I teach others to betray their parents? " Zhang Hongfan didn't listen, forcing Wen Tianxiang to write again and again. Wen Tianxiang also copied a poem he wrote a few days ago, Crossing Ding Yang, to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read that "life has never died since ancient times, and it needs a heart to shine." Two words, can not help but also moved, no longer forced Wen Tianxiang.
Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu what to do with Wen Tianxiang after the downfall of the Southern Song Dynasty in Lushan Mountain. Yuan Shizu said, "Who has no loyal minister?" Zhang Hongfan was ordered to be polite to Wen Tianxiang, and Wen Tianxiang was sent to Dadu (now Beijing), where he was placed under house arrest and determined to surrender to Wen Tianxiang.
First, Liu Qu, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, explained Wen Tianxiang's appearance and advised him to surrender. When Wen Tianxiang saw Liu's great anger, Liu had to leave angrily. Yuan Shizu demanded the surrender of Song Gongdi and Zhao Xian, who had reduced the yuan. Wen Tianxiang knelt on the ground in the north, crying, and said to Zhao Xian, "Come back!" Zhao Xian has nothing to say, disgruntled. Yuan Shizu was furious and ordered to tie Wen Tianxiang's hands and put on a wooden cangue. Put him in a military cell. Wen Tianxiang stayed in prison for more than ten days before the jailer let him go: it was another half month before he took off his wooden yoke.
Kyle Polo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, personally held a trial to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the Privy Council Hall and stood proudly, bowing only to Kyle Poirot. Kyle Poirot called on Wen Tianxiang to kneel. Wen Tianxiang struggled to sit on the ground and never gave in. Kyle Poirot asked Wen Tianxiang, "What do you have to say now?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "There are ups and downs in the world. The destruction and slaughter of the country have occurred throughout the ages. I am loyal to Song, I just want to die early! " Kyle Poirot flew into a rage and said, "Are you going to die? I won't let you die. I want to detain you! " Wen Tianxiang was fearless and said, "I would rather die for justice than be imprisoned!" "
From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang and learned that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace and lived like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that her daughter's letter was a hint from Yuan Ting: as long as she surrendered, her family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang doesn't want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter, although his heart ached. In his letter to his sister, he said, "I am very sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears choked and choked. "
Prison life was hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. Immortal masterpieces such as the third volume of the Guide and Song of Justice were all written in prison.
In the 19th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (1282), the powerful minister Ahema was assassinated. Yuan Shizu ordered Ahema to lose his family fortune, investigated Ahema's sin, and appointed Heli Huosun as the right prime minister. Li and Hawthorne put forward the idea of governing the country by Confucianism, which was recognized by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the minister, "Who is the prime minister of the North and the South?" Ministers replied: "Northerners are like Lu Ye Chu Cai, and southerners are like Wen Tianxiang." Therefore, Yuan Shizu issued an order to grant senior officials in Wen Tianxiang prominent positions. Some of Wen Tianxiang were demoted to Yuan's old friends, and immediately informed Wen Tianxiang about it and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. 1February 8th, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang is still bowing to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu didn't force him to kneel. He just said, "You've been here for a long time. If you can change your mind and be loyal to me in the Song Dynasty, I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province. " Wen Tianxiang replied, "I am the Prime Minister of DaSong. The country is dead, and I just want to die quickly. It is not suitable for a long time. " Yuan Shizu asked again, "What do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "I wish death were enough!" Yuan Shizu was very angry and ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately.
The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground in Chaicheng. The beheading officer asked, "What does the Prime Minister have to say? Playing back can also save you from death. " Wen Tianxiang shouted, "Die or die. What else can you say? " He asked the prison officer, "which way is the south?" Someone showed him the direction, and Wen Tianxiang bowed down to the south and said, "My business is over, and my heart is clear!" Therefore, the neck penalty, the righteousness is long. After his death, he found a poem in his belt: "Confucius said that he is benevolent, and Mencius said that he takes justice and does his best, so benevolence is the best." What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, I have no conscience. Wen Tianxiang died at the age of 47.
Selected poems of Wen Tianxiang
Song Zhengqi
Heaven and earth are upright, in many ways.
Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star.
People call it awe, which is overwhelming.
The road to the emperor should be clear, including the Ming court.
When poor festivals are seen, one by one:
In the history of Qi Taishi Jane, in the east of Shanxi Hu Bi.
In the Qin Dynasty, in the Han Su Wu Festival;
For the head of general Yan, for the blood of Ji Shi,
Raise your teeth for Zhang Xun and spit your tongue for Yan Changshan;
Or for Liaodong's hat, Qing. Li Bingxue;
Or for a model, a crying hero.
Still have to cross the river and swallow hujie generously,
Still want to hit a thief, the vertical head is broken.
Always dignified and solemn.
When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death live in peace!
The earth depends on it, and the Tianzhu depends on it.
Three cardinal principles are life and morality is the root.
After discussion, Li Yu Yang Jiu, the official transfer is also invalid.
Chu prisoners carry crowns, and carts send them to the poor north.
A tripod is as sweet as stuffing, and one thing is hard to find.
The darkroom is a ghost fire, and the spring courtyard is dark.
Cattle and horses share a bar of soap, and chickens live in phoenix.
Once it is foggy, it is divided into ditches and barren areas.
If it is so hot and cold, it is easy to change.
Well, I'm out of town and happy for my country.
Is there anything ridiculous? Yin He can't be a thief!
I care about this. Look up at the clouds.
I'm worried, it's very high!
The days of philosophers are far away, and the punishment is over.
Reading on the eaves of the wind, painting on the ancient road.
-
the Yangtze River
Travel downwind in the North Sea for a few days,
Back to the head of the Yangtze River.
My heart is a magnetic needle stone,
It's not that the south will not rest.
-
Guo yang
When hard work comes,
There are few stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the clouds are surging.
Life experiences ups and downs.
Fear. The beach says fear,
Sigh in the ocean.
People who have never died since ancient times,
Take the heart of Dan and follow history.
-
Tibiro hall
Lou has become a new bird, and I want to talk to you about this leisure.
Living on the balcony of a county town, people are in the air.
Repair the universe to the present, sad to recall the past.
Recently, it was reported that the autumn wind was tight, and I felt quite worried.
-
Sit at night
Talk about the misty maple leaf road, which is covered with rain.
Su Yan's half-river paintings, cold and gloomy poems.
Teenagers are the boss, and I'll pay the bill.
There will always be a sword in their hearts, and the smell of chicken will make them sit still.
-
Nan 'anjun
Plum blossom north-south road, wind and rain wet skirt.
Who are you going out with? If you don't go home!
Mountains and rivers are eternal, battlements are temporary.
Starving to death is also my ambition, and I choose EU in my dreams.
-
health
Jinling ancient club, crossing the south to accompany Beijing.
The mountains are still continuous and the river has changed.
Athletes are quiet, and new ghosts cry for Taicheng.
The clear moon is partial to the guest.
-
Two Jinling posts (choose one)
The grass leaves the palace and turns to the morning glow. What makes a lonely cloud?
The mountains and rivers are the same, but the people in the city are different.
Reed flowers grow old with me everywhere. Who will fly next to the swallows in my hometown?
From now on, I will leave Jiangnan Road and become a crow with blood.
-
True Zhouyi
Mountains and rivers know me, so there was no one in the old days.
Throwing, fighting, passing cars and horses.
The legacy of heroes is dying, and the world is dark and new.
Yanshan north road, bleak night to dawn.
-
New Year's Eve
Dry kunkong, the years continue.
The end of the road is stormy, and the poor side is full of ice and snow.
Life goes by with the years, and the body and the world are afraid of forgetting.
There is no such thing as killing Su Meng. It's still early at night.
-
He Zhong Zhai Yun (Ji Guo left)
Who is beside you now?
Bow your head and cry in the north, and cry in the south to see the soul of the emperor.
I am the only one of flesh and blood, and the description is only sound.
Rivers hate heroes through the ages, orchids are rowboats, and willows are fans.
-
Yan Jiangyue said goodbye to Yi Zhong's friends.
The water and the sky are vast,
Hate the east wind, don't borrow the British things in the world.
In the residual photo of Shu bird Wu Hua,
Endure watching an abandoned city collapse.
Bronze finches are clear in spring,
Autumn tears,
Who is this hatred based on?
Open and firm,
Bullfighting is empty recognition of Qi Jie.
That letter took him the rest of his life,
Southbound to Wan Li,
This is a gondola.
Left a drunken eye for the seagull alliance,
Look at these clouds carefully.
Swallow the pillar and win,
Go back to the flag,
Throughout the ages.
No sleep,
Qinhuai should be a lonely moon.
Southern Song Dynasty champion Lang
Wen Tianxiang, born in Wenshan, Song Rui, 1236 was born into a landlord family in Futian Village, Chunhua Township, Luling, Jiangxi Province. His father loves reading, attaches great importance to children's learning, and tries to hire famous teachers to teach. Wen Tianxiang and his younger brother will read and write in a study full of aphorisms and talk about the past and the present.
18 years old, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. At the age of 20, he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he chose Gong in Jizhou and went to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) with his father to take the exam.
In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. He was praised by the examiner as "loyal to the monarch and patriotic as a stone", and was personally rated as the top scholar in 60 1 Jinshi by Emperor Li Zong. Four days later, his father died unfortunately, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years.
Floating and sinking in the official ocean
Later, the Mongolian army attacked the Song Dynasty in two ways, and Meng Ge led the west road into Sichuan to attack Chengdu. Kublai Khan led the East Route Army, crossed the Yangtze River, and encircled Ezhou (now Wuchang) with another Mongolian army from Tanzhou (now Changsha) in northern Yunnan. Nanjing was shocked by the ruling and opposition parties. The eunuch Dong told him to avoid soldiers and move the capital to Siming (now Ningbo) so as to escape to the sea at any time. To this. As a scholar, Wen Tianxiang boldly wrote: "Your Majesty is the Lord of China, so you should protect China;" If you are the parents of the people, you should defend them. "Please cut dong to caress the people. Later, due to the death of Mongo, Kublai Khan wanted to go back to the north to compete for the position of Khan, and only let Jia Sidao, the right prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, secretly surrender to pay tribute and then withdraw his troops.
Instead, Jia Sidao lied to the imperial court: "All parties won a great victory" and was named as defending the country and monopolizing power. Then acceded to the throne, indulge in debauchery, Jia Sidao deceives his superiors and deludes his subordinates, which is beneficial to the country. Wen Tianxiang played hydrophobic ignored, only was sent to a sinecure.
After more than ten years, Wen Tianxiang intermittently served as the director of Ruizhou, Jiangxi and Shangshu Zuo Silang, or more than half a year. Later, he was dismissed for mocking Jia Sidao.
Seeing the minister's loyalty in the face of national disaster
After Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, he changed his title to Yuan, and in A.D. 1274, he sent 200,000 troops to Lin 'an by land and water. The regime of the Southern Song Dynasty was in chaos and perished. The 4-year-old acceded to the throne as Emperor Gong. Queen Xie came to the DPRK and asked all localities to recruit soldiers to serve the king.
The following year, Wen Tianxiang, who was appointed as the magistrate of Ganzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi), devoted all his resources to recruiting troops and organized 30,000 rebels within a few months, saying, "Justice is in me and I can do anything; With the confidence and courage to win by number, he began his military career. When the rebels arrived in Jizhou, Wen Tianxiang was appointed assistant minister of the Ministry of War and was ordered to stand by and stay in Longxing (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). After many twists and turns, he was admitted to Wei 'an. Soon he became the magistrate of Pingjiang (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and was ordered to help Changzhou. In Changzhou, the rebels fought hard, but the generals led by General Zhang Quan of Huai watched the fire from the other side first, and then fled when they got cold feet, resulting in the heroic sacrifice of all 500 rebel soldiers except four. In the winter of this year, Wen Tianxiang was ordered to rush to reinforce the chief customs of Lin 'an portal. Three days after leaving Pingjiang, he collapsed in Pingjiang. Before reaching the destination, Guan has fallen. I hurried back to Lin 'an, ready to fight to the death, only to see the civil and military officials of the Qing Dynasty abandon their posts and flee, leaving only six officials of the Wen class.
/kloc-in the first month of 0/276, Queen Xie insisted on surrendering. Yuan was appointed as the Prime Minister to go out of the city to discuss, and the Prime Minister Chen fled overnight. Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the right Prime Minister and Tang Dynasty envoy to make peace. In the negotiations, Wen Tianxiang was not afraid of the force of the Yuan Army, and publicly accused Bo Yan. He generously said that he wanted to resist Japan to the end, so he was detained and went to the north by boat. Wen Tianxiang went on a hunger strike at first, and then escaped from danger in Zhenjiang. Because the Yuan Army played a trick on me, it lied that Wen Tianxiang had fallen to the capital and returned to the south to earn cities and land for the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang was repeatedly suspected and displaced. He died for two months and went to Wenzhou. At this time, the court had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Dadu (now Beijing), and seven people, including Lu Xiufu, acceded to the throne in the 30th year of Fu. Wen Tianxiang was called to Fuzhou as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, he commanded various armies, set up a government office in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province), sent people to various places to recruit soldiers and raise salaries, and called on all places to arise and kill the enemy. In autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was forced to flee to the sea and drift in Guangdong by boat.
From 65438 to 0277, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Longyan and Meizhou (Meixian, Guangdong) and advanced into Jiangxi. Defeated the Yuan Army in Du Fu (now in the south of Jiangxi), captured Xingguo, and recovered Ganzhou 10 and Jizhou 4 counties. People's hearts were greatly boosted, and all parts of Jiangxi responded in succession. The national anti-Yuan struggle resumed, and Wen Tianxiang's order reached the Jianghuai area, which was the most favorable situation since he insisted on anti-Yuan. The main force of the Yuan Army began to attack Xingguo State-owned enterprises in Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was outnumbered and led the army to withdraw from the north. He was defeated by Luling and Hezhou (now Changting, Fujian), and suffered heavy losses. His wife and children were also taken away by the Yuan Army.
1278 At the end of spring, Lu Xiufu and others established a 6-year-old emperor, and the court moved to a tiny place in the sea more than 50 miles away in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, and sealed Wen Tianxiang's letter to lord protector. In winter, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou, hoping to recruit soldiers and find new opportunities by relying on the risks of mountains and seas. However, the Yuan army made a fierce advance on land and water and launched a fierce attack.
At the end of the year, Wen Tianxiang was suddenly attacked by the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Haifeng North. He was defeated and captured, and immediately committed suicide with borneol, but failed. Zhang Hongfan, who surrendered to Yuan, was rebuffed. Wen Tianxiang once wrote "Crossing the Ocean" and made it very clear: "Once hard work comes, the stars will fall in all directions. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a glowing heart. "