The most famous landscape in Zhangqiu is Baimai Spring. Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, said in Volume VIII of Notes on Water Classics: "Baimaishui was unearthed in the west of the ancient county, with a hundred steps of water and a hundred springs, so it was called Baimaishui." Qing Daoguang's Zhangqiu County Records said: "Baimaiquan is located 25 miles south of the county (Xiuhui Town), east of Mingshui Town and at the source of Jiang Xiu. Fiona Fang is half an acre, the source is straight and upwelling, the pulse is boiling like beads, and the calendar can be counted, hence the name. "
When I came to Baimai Spring, although it was not the active period of spring water, I could still see the dense ponds. I saw the spring water bubbling and sparkling, the algae leaves fluttering and the moss clinging to the wall. There are goldfish swimming around in the water, playing with each other, full of fun, willows on the shore, and the breeze is blowing gently. The characters produced in such a place are naturally sharper, smarter and more different. The couplets inscribed by famous artists in past dynasties also confirm this point. For example, one of the couplets: "Empty and bright, lively and dense" is reasonable. Another pair of couplets, "Dust-free, Thousand Beads Round and Jade Run", can be directly used to describe Li Qingzhao's nobleness.
There is also a couplet: "Lv Yun prefers rain, and Huangdao is fragrant and delicate", which can show us the wonders of this area during the period of Li Qingzhao.
Obviously, Bai Maiquan endowed Li Qingzhao with spirituality and vividness, which can be seen from many of her poems. For example, there is such a description in "Complaining about Wang Sun, the wind on the lake is boundless": "The wind on the lake is boundless. Autumn is dusk, red is thin, and fragrance is less. Water, mountains and mountains are close to each other, inexhaustible, and infinite. Lotus seeds are old. Green dew washing, Pinghua Cao Ting. The heron who sleeps in Sha Ou doesn't look back, but it seems to hate and people return early. " Sure enough, there is a good scenery on the water. And Li Qingzhao's daily life is also related to water, as evidenced by words!
"Like a dream, I always remember the sunset in Xiting": "I always remember the sunset in Xiting, and I don't know the way back when I am drunk. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. Fight for the ferry, fight for the ferry, and open a beach of gulls and herons. " Water makes people smart and open-minded.
Zhangqiu has been outstanding since ancient times, and Li Qingzhao may still have the luck of the times. The emergence of block printing in Song Dynasty made book collection a trend, from which Su Dongpo and his son benefited. According to historical records, Meizhou was once one of the three largest engraving and printing centers in China at that time. Ten households had books and nine households had books. It is in this atmosphere that Su Dongpo and his son fully read poetry books. The rapid increase of books makes it possible to organize the knowledge of poetry, so the "Jiangxi Poetry School" appeared in the Song Dynasty to show off the textual research of allusions. It is in this atmosphere that Li Qingzhao was deeply moved. Her husband, Zhao Mingcheng, is a famous stone collector who once went to imperial academy. And her father Li, who is also a great scholar, is more open-minded, so Li Qingzhao has laid a solid foundation in poetry since she was a child, so that she often wins the knowledge contest with Zhao Mingcheng. These are also evidenced by the words written by Li Qingzhao: "I remember things occasionally, and sit back to make tea after every meal, which means to accumulate the history of books, saying that something wins or loses in a book and a volume, among which the leaves are good, whether it wins or not." Hold up a cup and laugh until the tea turns over, but you can't drink it. "In such a knowledge contest, it is actually Li Qingzhao who often gets the upper hand. What she describes seems to be the knowledge family life of modern equality between men and women.
It is these factors that make Li Qingzhao different from ordinary people and ordinary ladies who are knowledgeable or write poems to entertain themselves. Li Qingzhao even showed an ambition and hug. She thinks ci is naturally suitable for women. She wrote a paper on Ci, thinking that "Ci is different", which is almost masculine and tends to be feminine, but interestingly, she belittled almost all male poets, including Ouyang Xiu, Liu Yong, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Qin Guan and Huang Tingjian. Perhaps subconsciously, she thinks she is best at this kind of poetry genre suitable for women. In any case, such an idea now seems revolutionary.
The significance of Li Qingzhao's ci is various. In ancient China, men rarely talked openly about the love between men and women, so the rare love poems in history, if any, were mostly nostalgic works, such as Su Dongpo's "Dream on the 20th of the first month of Jiang": "Ten years of life and death are boundless, and I will never forget them without thinking. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty. At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated. There is nothing to say about each other, only a thousand lines of tears are expected to break every year, and the moon is missing. " In ancient China, few poems directly expressed love. Even if there are, most of them are written by male poets under the guise of women, such as most of the words in Huajian Collection.
However, Li Qingzhao has many poems that directly express love. For example, during the first love, "Kicking on the Swing with Crimson Lips": "Kick on the Swing, get up and adjust your delicate hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe. Suddenly, a guest came. She was desperate. She walked away without shoes, only wearing socks, and even the gold pin on her head fell off. And walked away with shame, leaning against the door and looking back, I heard of Qingmei. " The vivid, naughty and delicate psychological expression of girls in love is unique in Chinese and foreign poetry. There are also periods when husband and wife are separated, such as "A plum, red lotus root fragrance, autumn jade": "Red lotus root fragrance, autumn jade. Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book, the word geese returned, and the moon was full of the West Building. Flowers bloom and fall, and flowing water gurgles. One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation. You can only frown and take it to heart. " Li Qingzhao even expressed his thoughts naked, such as "Drunken Flower Yin, Fog Clouds Worry Forever": "Fog Clouds Worry Forever, Destroy the Brain and Eliminate the Golden Beast. Double Ninth Festival, lying in bed, in the middle of the night, the cold on my body has just been soaked. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Mo Tao does not forget me, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " Therefore, in this sense, and in the sense that Li Qingzhao clearly and consciously expressed her love in the first person, she can also be called the first greatest "love poet" in the history of China.
Li Qingzhao also paid little attention to world affairs. She wrote "Summer quatrains": "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. With Xiang Yu's rebellious spirit and heroism, he satirized the capitulationism of those in power when the court fled all the way to the south when nomadic people invaded. The indignation of this weak woman made many literati feel ashamed at that time and was regarded as a spiritual pioneer by the current feminists.
The trip to Zhangqiu gave me a new understanding of Li Qingzhao and also a new understanding of women's poetry and history. What is particularly pleasant is that these understandings are all completed in the beautiful scenery of Baimai Spring. In fact, Li Qingzhao once described this kind of scenery: "The morning dew is flowing, and the new tung is introduced at the beginning. What is the spring scenery?" The sky is high and the clouds are light, and the smoke is filled, but today it is sunny. "Fortunately, we can witness it again.