Knowledge target
1. Accumulate real words and function words commonly used in classical Chinese, and master the sentence characteristics of interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions.
2. Understand Mozi and his non-offensive thoughts.
capability goal
1. Experience Mozi's superb persuasion art.
2. Perceive the characters in the text, try to figure out their language and understand their thoughts and feelings.
3. Taste and appreciate the beauty of words, and cultivate students' interest in reading the essays of pre-Qin philosophers.
Moral education goal
Understand the evil of unjust war, oppose aggression, love peace and do our best to contribute to peace.
Teaching focus
1. Accumulate knowledge of literature and education and improve students' self-study ability.
2. Clarify writing ideas and grasp Mozi's trilogy of discouraging Chu from attacking Song Dynasty.
3. Recite your favorite sentences and paragraphs to increase language accumulation.
Teaching difficulties
Appreciate Mozi's persuasion skills.
teaching method
1. Reading method 2. Discuss heuristic method 3. Reading methods.
training/teaching aid
Multimedia, tape recorder, demonstration reading tape, teaching pictures
Class arrangement
2 class hours
teaching process
first kind
[teaching points]
Data-assisted reading: reading the text aloud, perceiving, translating as a whole, accumulating classical Chinese knowledge, being keen on the meaning of the text, sorting out the ideas of the text and understanding the meaning of the text.
[Teaching Steps]
First, guide the design.
1, Introduction: There is an idiom called? Teach fish to swim? , of which? Ben. It refers to Lu Ban. We know that Lu Ban is a famous craftsman in ancient times, and he is also a stubborn, cunning and vicious person. In front of him stood a brave diplomat, Mozi, the founder of Mohism in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Today we are going to learn an article by Mozi? Get lost in public.
2. Author: (Guide students to read text notes ①) Mozi (about 476? Before 390), surnamed inexplicably Zhai, a native of Lu at the beginning of the Warring States Period. He is a thinker of the small producer class and the founder of Mohism. He advocates? Non-attack? (against predatory wars)? Love? Love yourself, love your country, and love others, love other countries? Shang Xian? Shang Tong? Save money? Festival burial? Unhappy? Wait a minute. ? Is it easy to use? It is the core of his social and political thought. Non-attack? Is its concrete action program. He thinks that as long as everyone? Love each other and benefit each other? In society, there will be no bullying, arrogance, ignorance and mutual attacks between countries. He sharply exposed and criticized the disasters caused by the wars launched by the rulers and the luxury enjoyment in ordinary customs. In the principle of employing people, Mozi advocates meritocracy, opposes cronyism, and advocates? Officials are impermanent and expensive, and the people have no final base? . He also advocated everything from the emperor, governors to chiefs at all levels? Choose the best in the world? Act as; People must obey the king, right? What is the meaning of the world together? . These thoughts reflected the desire of small producers to participate in political power and objectively played a role in maintaining feudal rule.
Mozi is a collection of works by China and Mohism during the Warring States Period. Hanshu? According to Yiwenzhi, there are 7 1 articles in Mozi, but only 53 articles have been circulated in the volume 15, and 18 articles have been lost. It is generally believed in academic circles that it was compiled by Mozi's disciples and their later studies in different periods, reflecting the thoughts of Mohism in the early stage and Mohism in the later stage.
3. Background: During the Mozi era, various vassal states plundered frequently, which seriously damaged production and even persecuted the lower classes? Cooking with broken bones is easy to eat? . Mozi hoped to relieve the suffering of the working people, which was put forward by him? Non-attack? Love? The ideological basis of political ideas is as follows. At that time, Chu was a big country, occupying a vast area around the two lakes. Song Xiaoguo is located in Shangqiu, Henan, but in a strategic position. Chu used public transportation to build equipment and defeated several neighboring countries in succession, so he was ready to attack the Song Dynasty. Mozi heard the news and rushed from Lu to Chu to stop Chu from attacking the Song Dynasty. This is what "Public Losing" is about, which specifically shows Mozi's? Non-attack? Thought.
Second, overall perception.
1, teacher's template reading.
2. Students read together.
3. Summarize the meaning of the text.
This is a propaganda article with distinct ideas and viewpoints, and it is also an academic article with extremely meticulous logic. Analogy? Be reasonable, distinguish right from wrong, and refute each other. Throughout the whole paper, Mozi used to convince the loser first, then the king of Chu, and finally to compete with strength, and finally won the victory of preventing Chu from attacking the Song Dynasty. From this, we can not only see Mozi's meticulous thinking, but also see Mozi's accurate judgment of the enemy. He fought a decisive battle step by step according to the enemy's ideological activities, and was flexible and flexible. He adopted? Analogy? Methods: reprimand, exhortation and coercion? Lost? ; Right? King Chu? This greedy and bloated monarch adopted it? Analogy? Method, let him know that if you attack the Song Dynasty, it will be not worth the loss, but it is unwise, and finally force the strong enemy to fold his hands and complete the mission of the travel-stained Chu State.
Third, reading the text, the overall perception
1. The teacher demonstrates reciting the text, and the students listen and master the pronunciation.
New words:
Machinery (xi? ) Xuan (xuān) Yu (Y incarnation) rhinoceros (X and S? ) (in? N) (tu？ ) hey (f? ) catalpa (zΙ) nan (pi? n？ n)
Polysyllabic words:
Please say it (shuō not not not) Changmu (zh? Ng) public loss board (bān) See me in Wang (? Bird Slip (G Avatar)
Common words:
Forget it (pass? Yue? , happy) Mozi nine distance (biography? Refuse? Block)
Mozi's defense is more than enough (pass? Royal? , resist) public loss (pass? Qu? , reasonable).
2. The teacher plays the demonstration reading tape, and the teacher reminds the students to grasp the tone, understand the psychology of the characters and feel the intense atmosphere.
3. Teachers should guide reading properly.
Example:
(1) Zi Mozi heard that he traveled from Shandong for ten days and ten nights. As for Ying, he saw the loss of the public.
It is necessary to reread some words to show Mozi's anxiety. He took great pains to stop the Chu-Song War.
(2) public loss; ? What is the life of a master?
Read the interrogative tone and show the meaning of respectful consultation on the public input board.
(3) Zi Mozi said; ? Those who insult my ministers by being strong will be killed by their sons. ?
Read the tone of the command, showing the intention of deliberately unreasonable demands.
(4) The public loses the offer: My righteousness is not to kill people. ?
? The word "righteousness" must be stressed to show the input disk of the public. Righteousness modified his taste and read his serious but unassuming arrogant tone.
(5) Zi Mozi said:? But isn't Hu worried?
Read the interrogative tone to express the meaning of questioning, blaming and urging.
(6) The public loses the offer: No, I'm the king of words, okay?
In the case of being speechless, the loser had to pretend to attack and shift the focus of contradiction to the king of Chu. We should understand his cunning and overbearing tone.
(7) Wang Yue? It's good. Although it is a ladder for me to lose, I must win Song. ?
Attention? Okay？ The hypocrisy of. ? Although it reflects the toughness and arrogance of an overbearing warlord.
(8) public loss; ? I know that's why I left my son. I won't say anything. ?
Mozi also said:? I know the reason why my son left me is that I said nothing. ?
The loser is doing dark calculations in his mind, trying to read a sinister and threatening tone. Zi Mozi keenly exposed this conspiracy, showing his confidence and composure.
4. Choose two students to read aloud in different roles, and the rest will comment.
Fourth, translate and read the text, dredge sentences and get familiar with the meaning.
1. Students read the text by themselves, combine notes, borrow reference books and translate the text.
2. Discuss and study difficult problems in translation in groups and solve them together. The teacher toured each group and answered questions.
3. Teachers guide students to accumulate classical Chinese knowledge in this class.
Teachers distribute written materials containing the following contents:
(1) Explain the following words with dots.
Please give me ten gold coins (please allow me to express my respect)
The land of Jing is five thousand miles (the land is different from modern Chinese)
The bus set up a plane to attack the city (clever. Way. In modern Chinese? Change planes? For what? Improvise? Meaning)
(2) Polysemy
Don't say (happy) to see the public lose (see you)
Please tell me (explain) that I am not in the king (introduce)
Although, for me, as a disciple of the ladder, there are 300 people (but),
It can't be said that Zhilei (Li) and Chu's ladder machine (like this) are a kind (category).
Zi Mozi heard of it (referring to building a ladder to attack the Song Dynasty). What is the sin of Song Dynasty (structural auxiliary word)
I know the reason why my son is away from me (structural auxiliary)
(3) Translate the following sentences
What is the life of a master? What is your opinion, sir?
What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? What is the sin of Song State?
Aren't you worried? Why not stop (attacking the Song Dynasty)?
Didn't Hu see me in Wang? Why don't you introduce me to the king of Chu?
Why is this human? What kind of person is this?
Fifth, clear up the writing ideas and grasp the meaning of the text.
Q: Who are the two parties to this article? Who is the protagonist? What was Mozi's purpose in going to Chu?
Clear: The two sides corresponding to this article are Mozi, the defeated Chu and Han, and the King of Chu. The protagonist is Mozi. The purpose of his visit to Chu was to dissuade Chu from attacking Song.
Question: Talk about your thoughts on this article.
Students discuss.
Achievement display:
1. With what? Goodbye? A string of words wears a bead.
Mozi sees public loss? Mozi sees the king of Chu? Mozi sees public loss.
( 1~ 12) ( 13~ 16) ( 17~22)
Mozi advised Chu not to attack the state of Song, which was divided into three steps: making the losers poor in argument, and the king of Chu poor in argument; Simulate attack and defense, defeat the defeat, and urge the king of Chu to give up attacking the Song Dynasty.
2. Organize the full text with the change of characters' thoughts and attitudes as clues.
Background, public loss? Clothing? The king of Chu said: Okay？ Defeated by the king of Chu? Okay？
Distribution of intransitive verbs
1. Read the text and recite your favorite sentences and paragraphs.
2. Read Lu Xun's New Stories to fully understand Mozi's character.
Second lesson
[teaching points]
Explore the mystery of Mozi's success in stopping Chu and attacking Song, appreciate Mozi's persuasion art, read the text and pursue beauty; Extend and expand, and talk about experience with practice.
[Teaching Steps]
First, students read the text together.
Second, read the text intensively, explore the mystery of Mozi's success in preventing Chu from attacking Song Dynasty, and appreciate Zi Chu's persuasion art.
1, Mozi's three-step strategy of stopping Chu and attacking Song.
Read paragraph 2 ~ 12 by roles.
Q: How did Mo persuade the public to lose?
Clear: Mozi didn't directly dissuade the public loss, but set a trap to ask the public loss to kill for him, in order to anger the public loss and lead to the public loss. Does my righteousness not kill people? . Then, Mozi made a big fuss about this sentence. ? What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? In a word, it is understated and aggressive, and immediately puts the public loss of helping Chu to attack Song State in a position of indefensible. Then, Mozi used it? Isn't that wise? Is it kind? Isn't it loyalty? Is it not strong? Don't you know this class? It is hard to argue that people have criticized the behavior of losing the board from all sides. ? Don't kill less and kill more? In a word, what exposes the public's losing advertisements? Righteous deception.
(2) Read 13 ~ 16 by role.
Teacher's question: Faced with Mozi's coercion, Mozi had nothing to say and put the blame on the King of Chu. How did Mozi dissuade the king of Chu?
Qing: Mozi adopted the same strategy as dealing with public loss, first leading him into the game, and then letting him fall into the dilemma of attacking the shield with the spear of Zi. He first used an assumption to compare the rich stealing from the poor and asked the king of Chu? Is this to wait for someone else? Let the king of Chu admit and tell this person? Must be because of the stolen disease? . Since you admit this kind of person? Are you sick of being stolen? So Chu's song of attacking poverty with rich countries is right? Like this? . In the face of Mozi's strong argument, the King of Chu had to be summoned by Nuo Nuo.
(3) Students read the paragraph 17 ~ 22.
Q: So how does Mo deal with the prevarication between the losers and the king of Chu?
Clear: Mozi understands that morality alone cannot really defeat a powerful and stubborn enemy. Mozi practiced offensive and defensive tactics with a public losing set, with nine attacks and nine distances. The public losing plate is fully equipped, and Mozi's defense is more than enough. The public loss started in the east, and Mozi defended it. ? Even if you kill the minister, you can't kill him? Calm Mozi put out the arrogance of the king of Chu and the losers, forcing them to give up their plan to attack the state of Song.
(4) Teacher's summary: Did Zi Mozi expose the public loss by using the rebuttal method of attacking the shield with the spear of Zi Mozi? Righteous lies make the king of Chu a success? Stealing a disease? Muddy land: through paper simulation of attack and defense, nine distances? And then what? More than enough to keep? It shows that Chu's attack on Song will not have a good result, forcing the king of Chu to submit.
2. Appreciate and taste Mozi's persuasive art. ..
Question: What persuasion skills does Mozi have?
Students are free to think, discuss and speak.
Achievement display:
Clever reasoning is manifested in the following three aspects. (1) Different methods are adopted according to different objects. Angry public loser, number five? Isn't it? Strict righteousness; Advise the king of Chu, praise Chu three times, and at the same time please him, put him in a position of indefensible. (2) strong logic. It is mainly manifested in the ingenious use of metaphor, contrast, interlocking and impeccable when discouraging the king of Chu. (3) Take the initiative and stay active. In the trilogy of discouraging Chu from attacking Song State, every time it is a clever attack, turning passivity into initiative, calm and well-thought-out.
Witty and eloquent. Mo is good at trapping people in contradictory situations and losing the game? Righteousness, King Chu? Stealing a disease? They all became Mozi's magic weapon to make enemies, with spears as the attack shield, and all the people lost and the king of Chu? Clothing? One? Okay？ How helpless and bitter this is.
Language is expressive. He used five words in succession? Isn't it? There are so many negatives and great momentum that the public loss cannot be refuted: he used three comparisons in a row, exaggerating that Chu is rich in land and abundant in resources, and Song is poor in resources, which not only satisfied the vanity of the king of Chu, but also made him realize that attacking Song was meaningless and even stupid. However, if this passage exposes the murder of the public loser and finally dispels Chu's attempt to attack the Song Dynasty, the length of the sentence and the urgency of the tone are both calm and deterrent, which fully shows the characteristics of being fearless and calm.
Third, reading for beauty.
Teacher's question: "Public Decline" is the most literary and interesting article in Mozi. What attracts you most about the writing of this article?
Students speak freely. The results show that;
Grasp the contradiction and deepen it gradually. Attacking the Song Dynasty and opposing the Song Dynasty are a pair of contradictions throughout the whole article. The article describes the emergence and development of this contradiction.
There are many twists and turns, and there are many suspense. Mozi went all the way to Chu to see a public defeat, but did not listen to dissuasion and asked him to kill; When I met the king of Chu, I was not blind about it, but talked about stealing: the problem of Chu's attack on the Song Dynasty could not be solved by public defeat and the king of Chu's agreement, and there were constant waves. I was worried about Mozi. Mozi saw through it and warned him severely. Under the contrast and deterrence of strength, he forced the king of Chu to give up, and the writing style of the article was full of twists and turns, which produced good results.
The characters are lifelike. The article describes three characters with distinct personalities through language education. Mozi, resourceful, fearless, calm, lost, stubborn, insidious, cunning, king Chu, vanity. Stupid, cunning.
The language is vivid, and rhetorical devices such as metaphor, parallelism and contrast are used to enhance the expressive force of the language.
Fourth, summarize and sublimate.
1. Q: What inspiration did Mozi and Gongbo give us from this struggle of the King of Chu? Please contact the reality and talk about your opinion.
Students think and communicate.
Clear: This struggle shows that we should dare to fight in the face of the unjust war of big countries. On the one hand, we should expose their injustice morally and let them be completely discredited in public opinion; On the other hand, we should be fully prepared in strength to prevent their aggressive ambitions from succeeding. This truth is not only proved by countless historical facts; And today is not without reference.
If the country is weak and bullied, it will be beaten if it falls behind. In the international environment where power is rampant; Only by strengthening our strength can we be in an invincible position forever.
Most students talk about the US-Iraq war. As long as it is meaningful, teachers should encourage it.
Analog dialogue
If there is a time tunnel, you meet Mozi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. What would you say to him?
The enthusiasm of the students has developed. Some people praised Mozi for loving peace and making unremitting efforts for peace, calling him a messenger of peace. He should be the first person to win the Nobel Peace Prize, while others praised his wit and courage. Some praised Mozi for daring to challenge the powerful country and defending Song State to the death. Wait a minute.
By stimulating students' imagination, we can fully feel Mozi's personality charm.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) course summary
Gong Bo Ji vividly shows Mozi's efforts to achieve his own goals through the story of Mozi stopping Chu from attacking Song. Non-attack? Advocates' hard practice and tenacious fighting spirit also exposed the frugality and cunning of the loser and the king of Chu, thus showing that only by combining morality with strength can the invaders be forced to curb their ambitions. The article is Mozi's masterpiece, with ups and downs in plot, vivid characters, full reasoning and vivid language. I hope the students will read the whole article of Mozi's "Non-aggression" after class and fully understand Mozi's anti-aggression proposition.
Distribution of intransitive verbs
1. Write an appreciation article from any angle and comment on the artistic charm of Mozi's prose.
Teaching reflection:
This design has two bright spots. First, based on reading, through various forms of reading, let students have a deeper understanding of the basic knowledge, text content and character connotation of classical Chinese. The second is to grasp Mozi's proposition? Love? Non-attack? Combining China ancient culture with real life can not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also serve as a foothold for us to learn classical Chinese and carry forward China culture.