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The Tang Dynasty was the most lively time in China's poetry circles. If there are lonely poets, people will probably think of Jia Dao and Meng Jiao. The skinny suburban island gives the impression that a person is walking alone and singing hard. However, in China, scholars of all dynasties have their own societies, and Jia Dao and Meng Jiao are no exception. Meng Jiao's life is just a little shabby, with endless chorus among scholars and poets, not to mention loneliness. If Jia Dao is lonely, there will be no magical experience of "riding a donkey to Yin Da and getting a book to preach". He inadvertently said, "Chang 'an is full of fallen leaves", and was riding on the donkey's back, thinking hard about the next link, only to collide with Jing and Liu Qichu's team. If Liu Qichu is not a good poet, it is more appropriate for him to use "push" or "knock" in order to think that "birds stay in the trees by the pool and monks knock at the door under the moon". Therefore, Han Yu, assistant minister of the official department, is the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and a famous scholar and poet in ancient and modern times. As for Tang Xuanzong's private visit to Fagan Temple incognito, he accidentally looked through the manuscript and was snatched away by him, adding, "Do you know this? "I was so angry that the emperor who loves to write poetry never gave him a decent official. Jia Dao and Meng Jiao had a large number of mentors and friends at that time, and they were never really lonely. The lonely poet did, and that was Chen Ziang, the pioneer of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
"Before me, where was the past era? Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, and my tears fall. " From this poem "Youzhou Tower", which has been handed down through the ages, we can see the poet's lonely feelings of being alone and independent.
Chen Ziang became a scholar at the age of 20 and supported Wu Zetian politically. At the age of twenty-nine, she wrote to Wu Zetian's Eight Questions and Answers, arguing that the punishment should be lighter, talents should be used, people who are eager to learn should be rewarded, and corvee should be reduced. He put forward many ideas that meet the people's wishes. But Wu Zetian was busy with imperial reform and had her own set of policies. Not only did he not pay attention to the opinions of Chen Ziang, the Minister of Literature, but he was fired because he neglected to discuss politics too much. A few years later, he returned to his official position and was involved in Joe's case because he had participated in Joe's Northern Expedition with the left servant and became close friends. After he got out of prison, he became a right-handed man in Luoyang. At that time, the Khitans lived on the northeast border. Although they are not powerful, they are potential threats. During the reign of Wu Zetian, Li Zhongyu, the governor of the Song Dynasty who was guarding the northeast, attempted to split the country. Qidan took the opportunity to invade the south, and even fell into three States: You, Ji and Ying. In the first year of Tian Tong, Wu Zetian appointed Wu Yousi, a rare straw bag military commander in the history of China, to lead the northern expedition, and Chen Ziang also went north with the army as a strategist. Wu Youyi knows nothing about military affairs. A pick up the enemy, defeat, pioneer Wang Xiaojie army was destroyed. Chen Ziang repeatedly put forward the strategy of breaking the enemy, but Wu Youyi ignored it. The enemy is menacing and cannot sit idly by; Chen Ziang then asked ten thousand people to divide the army into forwards to resist the potential threat of the enemy. Wu Youyi not only didn't listen to his advice this time, but also demoted him. In this context, Chen Ziang occasionally boarded Youzhou Taiwan, looking at the rivers and mountains, with a broad vision and endless regrets about the world he has been facing for thousands of years.
The poet stood alone on the platform of Youzhou, looking at the mountains and rivers and thinking a lot. Is he worried about the Tang Dynasty or the depression of sentimental culture? On the stage of You Zhou in the North of Hebei, he may think of Le Yi, the general of Yan State who defeated the Qi army, or Cao Cao, the hero of the Three Kingdoms who marched north to Wu Huan and watched the sea from the stone. But under Wu Youyi's account, there is no place for him, and the hero is far away and the future is bleak. The loneliness that made him famous naturally condensed into a masterpiece that shocked the ages. "Before me, where was the past era? Behind me, are the future generations? " Inevitably, there is sorrow for the times, but there are also poets' hatred for dirty poems. Poets can't see the ancient sages, and the ancients didn't have time to see poets; The poet can't see the future Yingjie, and the future Yingjie can't see the poet. What poets can see, what they can see, is only the present era. This is a gloomy and angry time. In the early Tang Dynasty, the four outstanding poets quarreled for a while, and left quietly without leaving anything. Zhang, a contemporary of his, quietly left an article on "A Moonlit Night on a Spring River", without discussing poetry creation in theory. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, he could not see the splendid scenery of the poetic country. Du Li, Bai Yuan, Wang Wei, Gao Shi and Cen Can were not born at that time. What have Song Like Wenzhi and Shen Quanqi's people done now? What poems have you written? Just some coquettish, charming and pleasing works. Between the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, only he, Chen Ziang, fought desperately to change the lazy poetic style, and only he was fighting alone. "There are more than two rooms, and Lianji is the only one." Poets only have ambition and ambition, but they have no supernatural power. He is not alone in seeking failure, nor is he Xia Xueyi the golden snake. In the struggle against the decadent court poems, he seems a little at a loss. "Heaven and earth are long" and life is short. Every time I think about it, why not "shed tears"? Just four sentences, like a cloud, are so deep and gloomy! After thousands of miles and thousands of Ma Benteng, what a fierce indignation! Here, we see a lonely loner and a sentimental person with mixed feelings and infinite worries. There is no doubt that Chen Ziang is a lonely hero in the world of poetry. His sword is a link between the past and the future, between the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty. With his persistent pursuit and high fighting passion, he finally cleaned up the muddy water of palace poems with theory and practice, and opened the road to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. (End)
The poem was written on the upstairs of Jibei in Youzhou. From a distance, sadness came from it, expressing the sigh that "the mountains and rivers remain the same, but the characters are different". The language is unrestrained and infectious. In terms of artistic expression, the first two sentences are pitching the past and the present, writing for a long time; The third sentence is to look at architecture and write about the vastness of space; The fourth sentence is the poet's lonely and painful mood. This set each other off, especially touching. The length of the sentence is wrong, and the syllables are tight first and then loose, and the changes are restrained and coordinated, which greatly enhances the artistic appeal. Youzhou Tower is a short poem, which profoundly expresses the poet's sense of incompetence, loneliness and boredom, and its language is vivid and infectious.
Chen Ziang is a scholar with political knowledge and talent. He is outspoken and dares to protest. He often criticized many disadvantages of Wuhou dynasty, which was not adopted by Wu Zetian and was imprisoned for "betraying the party". His political ambition could not be realized, but he suffered a blow, which made him feel very depressed.
"Before me, where was the past era? Behind me, where are the future generations? "The ancients here refer to wise monarchs who were kind to virtuous corporal in ancient times. Qiu Ji's Visit to the Ancient Tibetan Land-dweller and Youzhou Tower are works of the same period, and their contents can be used for reference. Seven poems, Qiu Ji's visit to ancient times, expressed infinite admiration for Yan Zhaowang's courtesy to Le Yi during the Warring States Period, and Guo Kun and Yan Taizi Dan's courtesy to Tian Guang. But like Yan Zhaowang, the sages of the previous generation are invisible, and the sages of the later generations have no time to see them, which is really out of place; When I stepped onto the stage and looked out, I saw the vast universe, which was eternal. I can't help feeling lonely, and my sadness comes from it, and I burst into tears. This article expresses the poet's frustrated situation and lonely and depressed mood in a generous and sad style. This kind of sadness is often shared by many talented people in the old society, so it is widely read.
This article is also excellent in artistic expression. The last two sentences are long in writing; The third sentence is to climb the building and overlook, and the writing space is vast. In a broad background, the fourth sentence describes the poet's feelings of loneliness, loneliness, sadness and depression, which reflect each other and are particularly touching. Reading this poem, we will deeply feel a desolate and tragic atmosphere. It's as if a vast and broad picture of the Northern Yuan wild appeared in front of us, and in front of this picture stands the image of a poet. He is ambitious, but he feels lonely and sad because he is unable to serve his country, so he is deeply excited.
In terms of diction, this poem is deeply influenced by Songs of the South, especially Farewell. "Travel" has a cloud: "Only the infinity of heaven and earth is sad for the long diligence of life. I can't smell the past. " This sentence has emerged since then, but the artistic conception is endless.
At the same time, in the aspect of sentence pattern, the syntax of Chu Ci style is adopted. The last two sentences have five words each and three pauses. The formula is:
Before-no ancients, after-no newcomers;
The last two sentences are six words each and four pauses. The formula is:
Miss-heaven and earth-leisurely, alone-sad-tears.
The first two syllables are urgent, conveying the poet's untimely life and anguish; An empty word ("zhi" and "er") was added to the last two sentences, and a pause was added, which made the syllables more fluent, showing his helplessness and deep sigh. The syntax of the whole article is uneven and the syllable changes are coordinated, which enhances the artistic appeal.
"Before me, where was the past era? Behind me, are the future generations? " The meaning of these two sentences is: an ancient monarch like Yan Zhaowang, who can be polite and meritocratic, will never be seen again; And the sage I long for has not yet appeared. The "former sages" are far away, and the future of "later sages" is untimely, and the sorrow of not meeting talents is vividly on the paper!
"I miss heaven and earth, boundless, boundless, lonely and tearful" means: thinking that the universe is so long and vast on that day, and a person's life is so short that he can't achieve anything. I cried sadly alone. The word "nian" shows the poet's broad spiritual realm, including the ancient and modern universe. The word "independence" also renders the poet's indescribable sense of loneliness and sadness.
This poem deeply reveals the depressed situation of loyal and versatile intellectuals in feudal society and expresses their lonely and depressed mood when their ideals are shattered by expressing the infinite feelings caused by the poet's overlooking the building, which has profound typical social significance.
This poem is beautiful and vigorous in style, and it is the pioneering work of "Han Wei Style" poetry in Tang Dynasty, which has swept away the flashy and delicate formalism poetry style of Qi Liang. In art, its artistic conception is vigorous and its vision is broad, which makes the poet's self-image more vivid and touching. Although it is only four short sentences, it shows us a magnificent artistic picture: towering towers, independent poets and cool breeze in Xu Lai. The first three sentences of the poem are outlined with thick lines, with the vast universe and the vicissitudes of ancient and modern personnel as the profound and magnificent background. The fourth sentence is full of emotion, which makes the self-image of the lyric hero, the poet, stand in the main position of the picture, and the picture suddenly becomes charming and shining. Reading this poem, we will deeply feel a tragic atmosphere. It's as if a vast and broad picture of the Northern Yuan wild appeared in front of us, and in front of this picture stands the image of a poet. He is ambitious, but he feels lonely and sad because he is unable to serve his country, so he is deeply excited.
1. According to Lu Zangyong's Biography of Chen Family, this poem was written after "seven ancient poems for Lu Jushi", "I sang this poem with tears in my eyes". Youzhoutai is Qiu Ji, which was the old capital of Yan State in the Warring States Period (now Daxing County, Beijing). The preface to the poem "Ji" says, "Ding Youlao, I'm going to the north. From Yumen, the old capital of Yan State, its city is the main city, and its traces have been exhausted. This is a sigh. Recalling the past and Zou Zi, the journey of sages is prosperous. " As a result of climbing Ji Mountain, he wrote seven poems to express his ambition. These poems were sent to lay people in Lu Nan, and there were relics of Xuanyuan. The titles of the seven poems are: Xuanyuantai, Yan Zhaowang, Happy Life, The Prince, Mr. Tian Guang, Zou Yan and Guo Kun. Seven poems have been completed but not completed, and they were written on the Youzhou rostrum because of their sudden death.
2. Tang Mengbang's "Skills and Ridiculous Plays" contains: "Taste Xie Qing's" Yuefu "and sigh, saying:' I hope this work can describe where it was before me, which was the era that had gone? Behind me, where is the next generation? ".""Songs of the South Travel": "Only the infinity of heaven and earth mourns the long diligence of life. "The past was full of surprises, but I don't know what will happen. "
[Introduction]
This is a sad song of life. "Before me, where was the lost era? The "ancients" and "newcomers" in "? Behind me, where is the next generation? "Both refer to wise men and ministers, such as Yan Zhaowang and Guo Kun, who are polite to valuable men and women. These two sentences cherish the memory of the ancients and feel that they are ill-timed; Looking forward to new people, I feel that I have no talent. As later generations wrote "Monument to Chen Gong's Respect for Virtue": "Tao can help the world, but life cannot reach the world; Only in this way can we bring Yao and Shun, but luck is not suitable for Yao and Shun.
This deep depression, sadness and loneliness occupied the poet's whole heart at this time. He stopped at the Youzhou stage, looking for its long history and rich practical significance wholeheartedly:
How many wise kings and ministers have been born with a long history and how many great achievements have been made; How many bad kings and mediocrities you have witnessed and how many sins and disgraces you have washed away!
Long history, in front of you, how short personal life is! No matter how bright or dark, you are a passer-by. Sadly, I can't even make use of this short life. It's hard to find a confidant and a talent. It's sad to think about it, why not make people cry!
This poem is written in the style of ci fu. The simplicity of style, the solemnity of words, the generosity of mood and the grandeur of artistic conception complement each other and have high aesthetic value. "Liu Shiting's Talk" says: "Ruan Infantry went to Guangwu City and sighed:' There is no hero, so he made his name. "Eyes and mind are unpredictable. Chen Shihui will get this idea, and Deng Youzhou Taiwan said. If Chen Ruan meets Luqi, I wonder if she is crying or laughing. "
I hope my answer can really help you ~~O(∩_∩)O~