Jujube has been cultivated in China for more than 4000 years. The early cultivation of this fruit can be found in the collection of folk songs "The Book of Songs" 4,000 years ago. It is said that the cultivated jujube tree originated from wild relatives and was artificially selected. The legend of jujube can be found in China's poems, history books and almost every China society. Jujube is a good gift for relatives and friends, and has been introduced into Chinese medicine to treat diseases. Jujube was introduced to the Mediterranean in Roman times, and 1837( 1906) was introduced to the United States. Foreign edible jujube products can be found in southern Europe (France, Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.). ), the United States (South America and California) and Asia (Iraq, Iran, India, Israel and some African countries). Jujube fruit is still one of the main fruits in northern China. At present, there are hundreds of jujube varieties with different harvest time, fruit shape, size and appearance color. Their fruits can be served as fresh fruits on the table, dried, cooked, stewed and baked. The annual output of dried jujube is about 500,000 tons, which is used for export and domestic consumption. The jujube production in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Shi Hui provinces accounts for more than 80% of the total output. Jujube is a deciduous tree, which can grow to 12 m high, belonging to rhamnaceae, with prickly branches, one of which is straight, about 1.5cm long, and the other is slightly shorter. Some cultivated varieties are spineless, and the new branches growing that year have alternate leaves and short veins. The leaves are oblong, 2.5-4cm long and1-2cm wide, with smooth to serrated edges, not sharp to slightly sharp, and round base. Small (5 mm in size) yellow (or pale yellow) flowers that produce cymes at the root of leaves have a complete growth type, and the calyx bulge is pointed. Small petals bend backwards at the top. The fruits of jujube, such as bayberry, peach, plum and apricot, are hard-core, and some varieties are seedless. Fruits are usually round, long or oval (ellipsoid and spherical), and some varieties of fruits are heart-shaped. The fresh weight of the ripe fruit is 5g-50g, the diameter is 1-2cm, the length is 1.5-3.5cm, the peel is thin and smooth (shiny), and it is red or dark red when it is ripe. The crisp white meat (pulp) of jujube fruit is extremely delicious and attractive. Rich in vitamin C, 300-600mg/ 100g of fresh vitamin C (apple: 10mg, orange: 30mg, kiwi: 100mg) can provide 75mg of vitamin C per jujube (average size: 15g), which meets the requirements. Maybe people often say that an eclipse keeps the doctor away from you. Jujube contains both vitamins a and B. Fresh jujube with high sugar content (up to 22% of fresh weight) and soluble solids (up to 38%) is undoubtedly nutritious and delicious. However, fresh, delicious and nutritious red dates can't appear on the table of every family, and even many people in China can't eat fresh red dates for two reasons. First, ripe dates are easy to rot, and fresh dates are kept for a short time at room temperature. Secondly, the fruits of Zizyphus jujuba can't mature after harvest, and the shipment of mature fruits is limited by the weak fresh-keeping performance of Zizyphus jujuba (even if it is controlled by ventilated low-temperature storage). Usually, the jujube fruit seen in the market is a kind of dried jujube called China jujube. The sugar content is high, but the vitamin C content is low. When dried at high temperature, vitamin C in fresh fruit is decomposed, and dried fruit also loses its attractive color and shape and most consumers (reason: the competition of fresh fruit easily available in supermarkets). Frozen jujube fruit can keep the color, taste and nutritional value of fresh fruit, and the principle and technology of frozen food can also be used in this new product. Fresh jujube fruit is easier to be frozen than strawberry because of its less water, smooth skin and regular shape. Frozen dates can be eaten alone, together with cream and yogurt after meals, or at freezing point in hot weather. In the food industry, dates are also used as decorations for fruit cakes, fillings for pies and cakes, or as ingredients for other frozen products such as ice cream. The first consumers of jujube fruit are China people, especially overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and the United States, who spend the New Year holiday. I believe people all over the world will like it all year round because of its rich nutritional value and attractive color, fragrance, taste and shape. People living in developed countries or rich countries tend to eat better and more complicated food because of more developed economy and society and more disposable income, so as to obtain nutritional value, exotic, romantic diet and rich life. For example, today's British eat imported bananas, apples, peaches, nectarines, grapes, kiwis and dates. Because they are superior to kiwifruit (another natural China plant), jujube fruit may be the next food to be selected. Jujube fruit can be stored at low temperature for one year, so that it can be purchased and enjoyed at any time. Therefore, the potential market of jujube fruit should be huge. I have known jujube fruit since I was seven years old. Almost every harvest season, my brothers and sisters and I will pick fresh dates in my uncle's orchard to eat. In my hometown, the bride will bring dried dates and boiled eggs to the young people on her big day as a good wish. When steaming New Year's steamed bread, people will use dates as decorations and look forward to an early harvest.
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