China's first poetry collection, The Book of Songs, can I show you something else? China's first collection of poems The Book of Songs, China's first chronological epic Zuo Zhuan, China's first national history book Mandarin, China's first biographical history book Historical Records, China's first recorded Confucian classic prose The Analects of Confucius, China's first military work Sun Tzu's Art of War, China's first book devoted to a person's words and deeds. China's first monograph on literary criticism-Essays on Canon by Cao Pi-China's first monograph on literary theory and criticism-Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long-Zhong Rong's Poetry-China's first popular science work-Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan-China's first hydrogeology monograph-Zhu. Xu Hongzu's Travels of Xu Xiake is China's first romantic myth novel-The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en is China's first satirical novel-Wu's The Scholars is China's first collection of short stories in classical Chinese-Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is China's first novella-Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q is China's first collection of essays-Lu Xun's. China's first collection of prose poems-Lu Xun's Wild Grass is the most influential and outstanding new collection of poems in the history of China's new literature-Goddess Li Sao by Guo Moruo, China's first lyric poem-Peacock flies southeast-Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang, and China's first long folk narrative poem written in the form of romantic journey. Founded in 192 1, Zheng Zhenduo and Ye-Sima Qian, the first historian and writer in China, Qu Yuan, the first patriotic poet in China, Cai Wenji, the first famous poetess in China, and Li Qingzhao, the first great poet in China's new literature history. Do you know any other Chinese common sense? Let everyone share it with you! The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. * * * Collected 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1 1 century) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC) for more than 500 years (there are 6 poems of sound, which are not counted). It was originally called The Book of Songs and was regarded as a classic by Confucianism in the Han Dynasty. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. Feng includes,, Feng Li, Feng Li,, Zheng Feng,,, tang style, Qin Feng, Martin and Feng Li. Elegance includes 3 articles of Elegance1and 74 articles of Xiaoya. Ode includes thirty-one Zhou Song, five Shang Odes and four Truffles. These poems, in terms of their original nature, are the lyrics of songs. Mozi Meng Gong said, "There are 300 ode poems, 300 string poems, 300 song poems and 300 dance poems." It means that there are more than 300 poems, all of which can be recited, played with musical instruments, sung and accompanied by dances. "Historical Records Confucius Family" also said: "Three hundred and fifty poems were written by Confucius, in order to combine Shao, Wu, elegance and praise." Although these statements are still possible to be discussed, there is no doubt that the Book of Songs was closely related to music and dance in ancient times. The division of style, elegance and fu is based on the difference of music. "Wind" is music with local color relative to the "Wang Ji" directly ruled by the Zhou Dynasty. The Tenth Five-Year Plan "National Wind" is a folk song in the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Its region, except Jiang, Han and Rushui, originated in the Yellow River Basin from Shaanxi to Shandong. Elegance is the joy of "Ji Wang", and Zhou people in this area call it "Xia". "Ya" and "Xia" were commonly used in ancient times. Elegance also means "positive". At that time, Ji Wang's music was regarded as a positive tone-a model music. There are different opinions about the difference between "Elegance" and "Xiaoya", and their musical characteristics and applicable occasions are also different. Ode is a kind of music dedicated to offering sacrifices to ancestral temples. "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "The description of the beauty and virtue of the eulogist tells the god of merit. "This is the meaning and use of ode. Wang Guowei said: "Praise is slower than elegance. "This is the characteristic of his music. The composition of the authors of The Book of Songs is very complicated, and their geographical sources are also very extensive. In addition to the music songs produced by music officials in the Zhou Dynasty and presented by officials and scholars, there are many folk songs that were originally circulated among the people. There are different opinions about how these folk songs came to the court. Some scholars in the Han Dynasty believed that the Zhou Dynasty sent special poets to collect folk songs and understand the advantages and disadvantages of politics and customs. There is another saying: these folk songs are collected by musicians all over the world. Musicians are officials and experts in charge of music. They compose poems as their profession and collect folk songs to enrich lyrics and tunes. The pleasure of princes is dedicated to the emperor, and these folk songs are gathered in the court. These statements all have some truth. Music songs collected from various periods and regions are generally considered to be preserved in the music officer of the Zhou royal family-Taishi. They obviously processed, eliminated and modified those works with different faces. Therefore, the existing language forms of The Book of Songs are basically four-character, and the rhyme system and rhyme rules are basically the same. Some sets of sentences (such as Son of Another Family and Wang Shimi) have appeared in works of different times and places. In ancient times, the transportation was inconvenient and the language was different. The ballads of various times and regions could not have happened if they were not processed. It can be considered that the official production of music songs and the collection and arrangement of folk music songs are one of the cultural undertakings of the Zhou Dynasty, and they were constantly carried out in the era of the Book of Songs. " There are more than 3,000 poems in Historical Records-Confucius Family. After being deleted and selected by Confucius, it became the final version of more than 300 poems seen by later generations. This record has been widely questioned. A poem quoted in pre-Qin literature is generally within the scope of the existing Book of Songs, and there are few so-called "escape poems" beyond it. If Confucius had more than 3,000 poems before, this would not have happened. Moreover, in the Analects of Confucius, Confucius repeatedly mentioned "three hundred poems" (Kevin·Z, Lutz, etc. ), which proves that Confucius has seen more than 300 poems, which is similar to what he sees now. Most importantly, The Book of Songs was compiled before Confucius was born, about the sixth century BC. It's just that Confucius did put a lot of effort into the Book of Songs. Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius: "I went back to Shandong, and then I was happy and elegant." "The words in the historical records quoted above also say so. This shows that in the era of Confucius, the music of The Book of Songs has been lost and disordered, and Confucius revised it to make it conform to the original state of ancient music. He also used the Book of Songs to educate students, often discussing the Book of Songs with them and playing songs and dances (see The Analects of Confucius and Mozi-Non-Confucianism). All these have played an important role in the spread of The Book of Songs. The music songs in The Book of Songs were originally used as part of various ceremonies to entertain and express views on social and political issues. But in the end, The Book of Songs has become a cultural textbook widely used in aristocratic education, and learning the Book of Songs has become a necessary cultural accomplishment for aristocratic people. On the one hand, this kind of education has the function of beautifying language, especially in diplomatic occasions, it is often necessary to quote poems from the Book of Songs to express meaning in twists and turns. This is called "Fu Shi Yan Zhi", and its specific situation is recorded in Zuo Zhuan. The Analects of Confucius recorded Confucius' words: "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." "Reciting 300 Poems, teaching them as politics, is unattainable; Let it be everywhere, but not exclusive. Even if there are many, do you still think? " It can be seen how important it is to learn the Book of Songs for the upper class and those who are ready to enter the upper class. On the other hand, the education of The Book of Songs also has political and moral significance. Interpretation of the Book of Rites quoted Confucius as saying that after "poetry teaching", people can be "gentle and sincere". The Analects of Confucius recorded the words of Confucius, saying that learning poetry can "serve the monarch from afar and the father from the monarch", that is, learning to serve the monarch and the elders. According to Confucius' opinion (which should also be the opinion of ordinary people in the upper class at that time), "there are 300 poems. In a word, it says: the thought is innocent. " This means that all the works in the Book of Songs (or at least on the whole) are in line with the moral principles recognized by the society at that time. Otherwise, it cannot be used for "education". There are two points worth noting here: first, according to Confucius' theory, people's views on the Book of Songs at that time were quite broad. Many poems that condemn the dark rule and express the love between men and women can still be considered "innocent" as long as they do not exceed a certain limit, that is, legitimate emotional expression. Second, despite this, the Book of Songs is not a simple collection of poems after all. It is not only the cultural accumulation of the Zhou Dynasty, but also the object of daily chanting by the nobles. Therefore, although there are many folk songs in it, I'm afraid it can't contain the content that directly conflicts with the socially recognized political and moral principles. All Confucian classics, including The Book of Songs, were burned in the Qin Dynasty. However, because the Book of Songs is easy to remember and familiar to scholars, it spread in the Han Dynasty. There are four schools of * * * who taught the Book of Songs in the early Han Dynasty, namely, Qi Zhiyuan's drums, Lu Pei, Yan Zhiyi's Han Ying, Zhao Zhimao Heng, and Qi's, Lu's and four schools for short (the first two schools are named after the country, while the last two schools are named after the family). The Confucian Classics of Qi, Lu and Han schools are officially recognized schools, and Mao's poems belong to the Confucian Classics of Ancient Chinese, which is a folk school. However, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Mao's poems became increasingly prosperous and gained official recognition. The first three schools gradually declined, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, they were completely lost. The Book of Songs that we saw today is a biography of the Mao School. Online reading of the Book of Songs: //tianyabook/shijing/ References:
//Tianya Book/Book of Songs/The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode. The artistic expression is Fu, Bi and Xing, also known as Shi Pin and Three Hundred Poems, which are divided into three parts: Feng, Ya and Ode. The artistic expression is Fu, Bi and Xing, which is the first poetry collection in China. It was produced in the early Western Zhou Dynasty (1 1 century BC) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC) for about 500 years. It was revised by Confucius at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period as a textbook for teaching disciples. It was honored as one of the classics by later Confucianists. The Book of Songs is originally a musical song, which can be sung by music. According to different music, it can be divided into wind, elegance and ode. "Wind" is the national wind, which is the music of various vassal States and places in the Zhou Dynasty, mostly folk songs. Those "elegant" people are also right. What the Zhou people thought of as "correct pronunciation" was the elegant music directly under the jurisdiction of the Zhou Dynasty. There are big and small elegance. A few of Er Ya are folk songs, and most of them are works of noble literati. "Ode" is an ode to the temple, and it is the music that the nobles worship the gods and ancestors. Ode is divided into three parts: Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, and * * * contains 305 poems of the Zhou Dynasty. Originally called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300", Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty began to call "The Book of Songs". The existing Book of Songs was handed down by Mao Heng in the Han Dynasty, so it is also called Mao Shi. It is said that all the poems in The Book of Songs are lyrics that can be sung at that time. According to the nature of music, it can be divided into wind, elegance and praise. The "Wind" is composed of Nan Zhou, Zhao Nan, Gao Feng, Yong Yufeng, Feng Wei, Feng Wang, Qifeng, Wei Feng, tang style, Qin Feng, Martin, Guifeng, Cao Feng and Zhuifeng, and is called the Fifteen-Country Wind. Most of them are folk songs in the Yellow River valley, and a few are works processed by nobles. "Elegance" includes Xiaoya and Daya, *** 105. Ya is basically a noble work, and only a part of Xiaoya comes from the folk. Ode includes Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode, with a total of 40 articles. Ode is a lyric used in court sacrifice. Generally speaking, folk songs are lively and lively, and the poems of court nobles are dwarfed by them, and there is not much poetry. The Book of Songs is the source of China's poetry and the glorious starting point of China's poetry history. It has many forms: epic, satirical poem, narrative poem, love song, war song, carol, holiday song and labor ballad. Rich in content, it reflects all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty, such as labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It can be said that The Book of Songs is a mirror of Zhou society. The language of The Book of Songs is the most important material to study the general situation of Chinese from the 6th century BC to the 6th century BC.