At the beginning, it is clear that the poem "Tixilin Wall" was inscribed by Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, on the wall of Sailingji at the foot of Lushan Mountain. With extremely refined language, the poet expressed profound aesthetic realm and profound philosophical thinking, and became a well-known poem.
1084 In March, Su Shi in Huangzhou received a new letter of appointment and went to Ruzhou to serve as Ying Yong's assistant ambassador. In April, Su Shi left Huangzhou for Ruzhou. When he passed through Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, he visited Lushan Mountain. For one thing, and for another, he used mountains and rivers to relieve the fatigue caused by work.
Lushan Mountain is located in the north of Jiangxi Province, standing on the south bank of the Yangtze River and the shore of Poyang Lake. The reputation of "Kuang Lu is the best in the world" has existed since ancient times. It is surrounded by mountains, with continuous peaks, rolling clouds and misty rain. Scholars of all ages came here to travel and were fascinated by its magical and magnificent mountain scenery, leaving a gorgeous chapter chanting Lushan Mountain.
Qian Qi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once praised Lushan Mountain: "It is close at hand, and there is no worry about the wind and rain. I only suspect that there are monks of the Six Dynasties in the cloud. " In the eyes of many poets, the most magical thing is the fog of Lushan Mountain, which is thought to make this mountain mysterious.
When Su Shi first came to Lushan Mountain, he saw a strange and beautiful valley, which he had never seen before in his life. His eyes were almost drowned by the mountains and scenery behind him. The magnificent and unpredictable adventures of the seven peaks in Kuanglu aroused the poet's great interest. He insisted on writing and wrote seven poems for this famous mountain.
This poem, titled Xilin Wall, was inscribed on the wall of sairinji when he and he visited sairinji at the foot of Lushan Mountain accompanied by monks from sairinji. This poem can be said to be the summary of Su Shi's trip to Lushan Mountain, and it is also the masterpiece of seven poems about Lu. The original poem is as follows:
Looking into a peak across the ridge, you can see different mountains everywhere.
I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.
Su Shi indulged in visiting Lushan Mountain, enjoying its beautiful scenery, and truly revealed his personal experience: from the side of the mountain, it became a mountain peak with different distances.
From the front, Lushan Mountain in Su Shi's eyes is a continuous mountain ridge; Viewed from the side, it has become a towering mountain peak. When you look at it from different distances and different heights, the Lushan Mountain in front of you is a variety of different images.
Lushan Mountain is surrounded by water on three sides, with land in the west, deep valleys and high rocks, which is spectacular. No matter horizontally, from a distance, from a height, from the side, from a close distance or from a low place, you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain: horizontally, Lushan Mountain is a cascade of peaks; Viewed from the side, Lushan Mountain is composed of connected peaks.
Why is there a completely inconsistent visual experience when viewing Lushan Mountain from a horizontal perspective and a horizontal perspective? First of all, due to different perspectives, the mapped images must be different. Secondly, different reference objects cause different image feelings.
Because when you look at it from a distance and horizontally, there are other things as a reference, which makes you feel small and not so tall; Seen from the side, the scene is completely different. Because the mountain is integrated, standing at the foot of the mountain and looking up, it is inevitable that Lushan Mountain will be tall and majestic.
Here, poets are no longer an ordinary audience. He consciously put himself in a wise position to explore the mysteries of nature and think about philosophical issues. Facing the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain, the poet didn't just immerse himself in lamenting the beautiful scenery, but observed it soberly and thought rationally, and saw through its essence through the fog.
The different forms of Lushan seen by poets from different places and angles are only the local scenery of Lushan, not its original complete face. Because no matter where tourists are and from what angle they appreciate Lushan Mountain, they are all in the mountains and only linger in the mountains. They can't see the overall situation outside Lushan Mountain, and they can't see the overall appearance. Naturally, it is difficult to see the true face of Lushan Mountain.
Although the scene of Lushan Mountain is elusive, the poet with deep feelings has solved the mystery: "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, I am only in this big mountain." The general idea of these two sentences is that the true image of Lushan Mountain cannot be accurately and completely grasped, just because I am in this mountain and my vision is limited.
This is actually a poet's argument, and it is also a poetic creation technique based on reason and emotion. Understanding of things is often limited and subjective, one-sided and superficial, which undoubtedly enlightens people.
Judging from the layout, the first two sentences of this poem are about scenery, and the last two sentences are reasonable. The poem observes Lushan Mountain from six aspects: "the distance from the side", and the impression is different. To some extent, it reflects that the poet is constantly visiting and thinking in order to understand the true face of Lushan Mountain, whether from a distance or from a distance, or looking up or overlooking.
It is not difficult to see that Su Shi revealed his philosophy by describing and summarizing Lushan Mountain from all directions and angles: everything in the world should be like Lushan Mountain, and we must make a comprehensive observation and analysis before we can draw a conclusion. We should avoid being one-sided and not be confused by local phenomena of things and make the mistake of generalizing.
The poet sublimated the previous description of Lushan Mountain scenery to the level of rational thinking, pointing out that people can't grasp the whole picture of Lushan Mountain and see its true face clearly because they can't observe it comprehensively because they are in it.
The title Xilinbi is not only the poet's singing of the wonders of Lushan Mountain, but also the truth that Su Shi learned from it with a philosophical eye. Because this understanding is profound and conforms to objective laws, besides the absurd image of Gu Feng in the poem, there are profound and eternal philosophies to enlighten people's minds.
Judging from the whole poem, the poet's language expression is concise, but rich in connotation. The distinct sensibility and brilliant rationality are intertwined, making it a good poem with shallow meaning and deep meaning, which is material-oriented and indifferent to taste. Therefore, this little poem is particularly subtle and profound, which makes readers of all ages never tire of reading it and arouses people's infinite chewing aftertaste and reverie.