Let's first look at the history of the rise and fall of these two explanations.
Poetry, peaks and drums;
Life and death are generous, and Zi Cheng says. Hold your hand and grow old with your son. On the Biography of Mao Shi in the Western Han Dynasty;
Broad-minded and hardworking. Say and count. Together, both are also.
"Say, number is also", people today are not very easy to understand, in fact, "say" and "number" are synonyms, and Mao Gong takes synonyms as his training. Today, the word "number" is rarely used as the meaning of "saying", but some traces can still be found. For example, when we say "criticize" someone, the word "number" here has nothing to do with counting, but means "speak". Another example is that I "count" the charges. The word "calculate" here means not counting charges, but saying charges. Duan Yucai's Notes on the Final Edition of Shi Mao's Old Training: "There is a saying of' number theory' today.
Everyone knows the word "speaking". Why should it be interpreted as "number"? This is because in the books of the pre-Qin period, the word "Yue" of joy was mostly written as "Shuo". "Say, calculate" in Mao Zhuan is to tell readers that "say" here is "say", not "say like".
"Biography of Mao" did not say whether this poem was about war friendship or marriage love, but only explained the meaning. Mao's biography is slight, and perhaps he had no objection to poetry at that time. The Tang Dynasty's Mao Shi Zheng believes that Mao Zhuan means the love of comrades-in-arms, while Chen Qinghuan thinks that Mao Zhuan means the love of family, but we can only speculate.
Mao Shizhen by Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty: A soldier who joined the army made an appointment with him: He died and lived again, and I lived with him in hard labor. I told my son Xiang about the grace of love in order to save him. Hold his hand, make an appointment with him and show his faith. The words are old, it's nothing difficult. Zheng Xuan made it clear that these words refer to the friendship of war. The difference between Jian Zheng and Mao Zhuan is that Zheng Xuan interprets Shuo as Yue and Cheng Shuo as Cheng Xiangyue Ai En. Comrades "love each other" sounds strange now. ) actually,
The key premise of Zheng Xuan's interpretation of war friendship is the word "associate with him". "Li Zhoufu": "Five people are five", and soldiers take five people as the smallest unit. Zheng Xuan is a master of Confucian classics, and his poetic annotation is after the annotation of "Three Rites" (Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji), which is often cited as poetic evidence and far-fetched. Here, Zheng Xuan thinks it is the friendship of war, because he thinks these poems are the keepsakes to describe the soldiers in the army. Zheng Xuan was a master of Confucian classics at the end of Han Dynasty, and his statement became the standard for hundreds of years.
The first explanation of marriage and love that can be tested today in history is Wei's. Qing Pi Xi Rui's History of Confucian Classics: "Zheng Xue came out and Sinology declined, Wang Xue came out and Zheng Xue also declined." Although he can't help exaggerating, Wang Su is indeed a great scholar who pays attention to the world classics. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Wang Su had a great influence in the field of Confucian classics. It's good for Wang Su to stand up to Zheng Xuan. Wang Su's comments on Shi Mao have been lost, but Shi Mao Zheng Yi quoted Wang Su's explanation:
Speaking of the ambition of a China family, it is to live and die together, be generous and diligent, and never give up, and become a number of men and women, caring for each other and growing old together.
Wang Su's explanation was once popular in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is almost recognized in modern times. It's a pity that Wang Su didn't win Zheng Xuan in the end. After Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wang Su's Confucian Classics finally failed to become the mainstream of academic circles. In the Tang Dynasty, the Five Classics Justice was officially revised, and Mao's poetry justice was a war friendship from Zheng Xuanzhi's note. Many of Wang Su's viewpoints have been criticized in Justice in Shi Mao, including this article.
Shi Mao Justice, as an officially revised Confucian classic standard textbook, has been the designated textbook for imperial examinations from the Tang Dynasty to the early Northern Song Dynasty. However, the debate about war and family friendship has not stopped. In the Song Dynasty, the atmosphere of doubting the ancient times rose quietly.
The Original Meaning of Ouyang Xiu s Poems in Northern Song Dynasty;
"Drumming" is divided into five chapters, from "where it is" to the next three chapters. Wang Su thought he had joined the army and said goodbye to his family without saying anything. Zheng thought that the soldiers in the army made an oath. Today, it has been tested by justice. At that time, Wang said yes, so Zheng Yu's poems were too half lost.
Ouyang Xiu is quite Wang Su, and thinks it's between husband and wife. On the basis of identifying the background of this poem as the incident of Chen's downfall and Cai's attack on Zheng, he listed two reasons: first, usurping the throne and killing the king was unpopular; Xiao Xu's "rebellion and separation of relatives" means that Zhou Xu is not welcomed by soldiers. Zheng Xuan understands that it is a misunderstanding for soldiers to betray each other and flee. Second, according to historical records, this battle left only five days after the siege of Zheng, and there was no bloodshed, last stand. Ouyang Xiu questioned Zheng Xuan's statement on the basis of digging deeply into Mao Xu and Mao Zhuan.
However, the theory of "love between men and women at home" really becomes the mainstream view, and it will have to wait until Zhu's Biography of Poetry comes out and becomes the number one authority on the study of The Book of Songs in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhu's Biography of Poems is interpreted as the feeling of affection, which has been passed down to modern times and accepted by most people.
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From the interpretation of this poem, it is not difficult to see that the disagreement on a small issue is closely related to the development and change of the whole Confucian classic. The explanation of this little problem is inextricably linked with the mutual growth and decline of ancient, official and unofficial, mainstream and non-mainstream factors in the history of Confucian classics, arguments and unity, doubts and beliefs.
Today, we have no Confucian classics. We want to explain this poem from an objective point of view. In fact, it is not easy! When talking about the relationship between western positivist hermeneutics and the study of The Book of Songs, Mr. Xia Chuancai said in The Gains and Losses of the New Methodology for the Study of The Book of Songs Abroad (No.6, 2000):
Traditional hermeneutics faces two dilemmas in the study of classic works and The Book of Songs. First, the authors of some ancient documents and literary works are uncertain and the time environment is far away. To truly understand the historical background, we must make great efforts to conduct a comprehensive historical and cultural study. Second, a work is composed of words and combinations of words ... Generally speaking, to interpret a work, we must first understand the overall meaning of the work, and then we can interpret the words and details coherently, and the understanding of a word or detail will change the original theme. This is that we must understand the part in the whole connection and understand the whole through the part. Western scholars call this phenomenon "interpretation cycle". In the interpretation of The Book of Songs, a poem often has several or even dozens of interpretations, which is a common fact. This "reading cycle" will not have a happy ending.
Today, the pursuit of "original meaning" in reading poetry is not for inventing "sage's original intention" like the ancients (Ouyang Xiu's Original Meaning, Interpretation and Preface of Poetry), but is actually influenced by western positivism hermeneutics. However, the pursuit of "original meaning" is an easy trap. List the different interpretations of these four poems in Drumming, and we can get many different interpretations by arranging and combining them:
Mao Gongzheng Sukong Juma
Diligence, Diligence, Diligence, Divorce, Divorce (Interpretation of Qiku)
Words love the number of words (the explanation of "Shuo")
Didn't say that the comrades-in-arms family didn't say (the background of the poem)
We can see that these six schools have six different interpretations of these four poems.
I think we can read the Book of Songs from the perspective of artistic appreciation, whether it is understood as war friendship or family affection. However, the original background and original intention of this poem when it was sung by the first person, whether it was to express the feelings of comrades-in-arms or family members, has not yet been determined. In fact, it will never be decided.
Mencius said:
Scholars don't harm words by words, and they don't harm their ambitions by words.
Most of us are enjoying the Book of Songs, not studying the history of Confucian classics. We might as well have a "second reading", and experience the emotions in the poem in the context of war friendship and marriage love, which will naturally have different flavors. For connoisseurs, what is more important than "right or wrong" is the emotion you get from poetry. From the perspective of reception aesthetics, it is better to say that the poet evokes our emotions than to convey them to us. In fact, the seeds of our feelings gained by reading poems have long been in our hearts, waiting for the sunshine and rain to take root. Poetry itself is the sunshine and rain that awakens emotions.
The Book of Songs Peak and Drum Music
Drums are dull and soldiers actively use them. Cao Tuguocheng, I travel south alone.
From Sun Zizhong, Chen Pinghe and Song Dynasty. No, I'm going home. I'm worried.
Where do you live? Lost his horse? For it? Under the forest.
Life and death are generous, and Zi Cheng says. Hold your hand and grow old with your son.
I am rich, but I am still alive. Sorry, but I believe it.
Hold your hand and your son.
Hold your hand and sleep with your son.
Hold your hand and grow old with your son.
Holding your hand, what can my husband ask for?