This poem is different from the description of girls in the Song of Picking Lotus written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties in terms of technique and personality. The difference in technique is that the Southern Dynasties used line drawing technique, while Wang Shi used foil technique. The difference of personality lies in that Wang's poems are more delicate and lively.
Lotus leaves and dresses of lotus pickers are almost all cut with materials of the same color. Lotus-here refers to the lotus. After the lotus girl entered the lotus pond, she couldn't tell which was the lotus leaf, which was the clothes, which was the lotus flower and which was the face. They didn't know they were coming until they heard the song.
The third sentence "you can't see it when you mix it into the pool" comes from the first two sentences. Integration is integration or integration. Lotus leaf skirt, lotus face, this is like an organic whole, it is difficult to distinguish, only when it is clear and fine, it can barely be distinguished; So something is wrong. The girl who picked the lotus and the green lotus and red lotus are one and suddenly disappeared. This sentence is about an indistinguishable feeling, a feeling that leaves are not leaves, and an unpredictable surprise and disappointment that people who stand and stare at in an instant. It is often said that "seeing the wrong eye" is often like this. However, just as I hesitated to look away, the lotus pond was full of songs, and it suddenly dawned on me that the "invisible" lotus picker was still between the lotus leaves and colorful lotus flowers in this field. "Feeling that someone is coming" should be combined with "Govin" for appreciation. You didn't know "someone" until you "disappeared" and suddenly "heard this song"; But people are still hidden in lotus leaves and lotus flowers, so although they hear the songs, they can't see their figures and faces. This is really the so-called "Ling can't sing all, this pool knows" (Cui's Xiao Chang Gan Qu). This description adds vivid interest and poetic connotation to the picture, making people imagine the scene of ten acres of lotus pond, lotus in full bloom, lingge everywhere, and the scene of onlookers standing and staring at the song. The girls picking lotus flowers are full of youthful and energetic joy. Until the end, the author still didn't let the main characters of the painting clearly appear on the screen. Its purpose is not only to regard them as the embodiment of beautiful nature, but also to leave a leisurely and endless feeling because of this description.
With the help of verbs, it shows that the lotus pickers are looming in the lotus pond, if there is something, if there is nothing. This is a poem describing the hermit's leisure life interest. Poetry uses words to create language and scenery (secluded, deep forest and bright moon), while writing people (sitting alone, playing the piano and whistling) is extremely unremarkable. However, its beauty lies in its natural and simple style, which depicts the fresh and attractive artistic conception of the secluded forest on a moonlit night, blends the scene into one, contains the special artistic charm of beauty, and has become a masterpiece through the ages. Playing the piano and whistling reflects the silence of the bamboo forest on a moonlit night, and the darkness of the deep forest is reflected by the light and shadow of the bright moon. The surface seems dull and seemingly casual, but in fact it is ingenious.
This poem also shows a state of tranquility. In the first two sentences, the poet sat alone in the deep and dense bamboo forest, playing the strings and blowing a long whistle. In fact, no matter "playing the piano" or "whistling", it embodies the poet's elegant and free-spirited temperament and is not easy to cause others to sing. So the last two sentences said, "It's too light for anyone to hear except my comrade, Mingyue." I live in a secluded forest, and I don't feel lonely because the bright moon still shines on me all the time. The personification technique is used here, and the bright moon sprinkled with Yin Hui is regarded as a bosom friend, which shows the poet's novel and unique imagination. The style of the whole poem is quiet and leisurely, as if the poet's mood and natural scenery are integrated.
This little poem has four sentences. Looking at it separately, there is neither touching scenery nor touching love; I can't find out which word is poetic eye, and it's hard to say which sentence is warning.
In describing the scenery in the poem, only six words are used to form three words, namely "secluded place", "deep forest" and "bright moon". For the moon that shines on the earth, there is nothing new and ingenious about using the word "Ming" to describe its brightness. It's a common saying. As for the first sentence of "Huang" and the third sentence of "Lin", they are actually the same thing, and they all repeat the bamboo forest where the poet lives, adding the words "secluded" and "deep" in front of the bamboo forest, but the explanation is neither "bamboo with three poles and two poles" as mentioned in Yu Xin's Xiao Yuan Fu, nor "bamboo with green water hills" as mentioned by Liu Zongwu. Here, it seems that the scene in front of us is written at will, and there is no effort to describe and describe it.
When writing about people's activities in poetry, only six words are used to form three words, namely, "sitting alone", "playing the piano" and "whistling". For the characters, they didn't describe how they played Xiao Shu, and they didn't express their emotions. For the piano sound and whistle, I didn't spend any ink to write its timbre and sound.
On the surface, the words used in the four poems are unremarkable. But when the four poems are combined together, they have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they contain a special artistic charm. The beauty of a masterpiece in Wang Wei's "Wang Chuan Bie Ji" lies in its naturally attractive artistic conception. It does not win with words, but regards beauty as a whole. Its beauty lies in its absence. To appreciate and appreciate its beauty, we should take its appearance as its spirit, and its spirit is contained in the artistic conception. As far as artistic conception is concerned, it not only gives people the feeling of "secluded amorous feelings" ("My Servant Poems"), but also makes people feel that the scenery of the secluded forest on this moonlit night is so ethereal and clear, and the people who play the piano and shout during it are so carefree, dusty and seamless. On the other hand, in language, we can see the flavor from nature, from plain high rhyme. Its natural and simple style beauty and artistic conception beauty complement each other.
It is conceivable that the poet met the quiet nature of the bamboo forest and the bright moon itself in a state of calm and clear mind, and he wrote a book. The formation of poetic artistic conception depends entirely on the consistency between the character's mind and the internal quality of the scenery written, without the help of external hue. Therefore, when I am integrated with things, feelings and scenery, the poet can, as Si Kongtu said in Poetry 10 Nature, "look up, don't take all the neighbors, go their own way, and become spring scenery" and enter the artistic world of "thin words and feelings, leisurely days". Of course, when we say "everywhere" here, we don't mean that poets have no choice but to choose materials easily; When we say "start a spring" here, we don't mean that the poet didn't make arrangements when he was in charge, but he believed it. The poem describes the surrounding scenery, choosing bamboo forests and bright moons, which is consistent with the quiet environment to be expressed; Express your feelings in poetry, one chooses to play the piano and whistle, and then the other expresses it with the tranquility and clarity of mind. This is the immediate matter, and the reason why he wrote this scene and this matter has his own mature poetic thought. Judging from the combination of the whole poem, the poet wrote a piano and whistle while writing a secluded forest on a moonlit night, expressing tranquility with his voice. As for the last sentence of the poem, it not only contrasts with the "people don't know" in the previous sentence, but also plays a role in breaking the dark night. The contrast between these sounds and silence, as well as light and shadow, is ingenious and ingenious in arrangement. There are always four sentences in this little poem. Looking at it separately, there is neither touching scenery nor touching love; I can't find which word is ... "This is quoted from Chen Bangyan's Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, page 182. We should not quote other people's articles without a source, which is the minimum respect for the author and the minimum principle of writing.
This poem is all about the tranquility of spring mountain. The poet felt "tranquility" strongly. Why? It is because people are idle that people are quiet. Because people are peaceful and quiet, they perceive the falling flowers of osmanthus.
Flowers fall, the moon rises and birds sing. These "moving" scenes set off the tranquility of Chunxi.
Niaomingxi is a place with extremely beautiful scenery. A stream is a mountain stream, running water sandwiched between two mountains. This poem describes the unusually quiet scene at night in Chunshan. The main idea of the poem is that in the silent environment without human voice, osmanthus flowers bloom and fall, as if we can feel the sound of osmanthus flowers falling. When the night is still deeper, the spring mountain with various scenery seems to be empty. As soon as the moon came out, light appeared, which alarmed the birds staying in the tree. They sang some songs by the spring.
This poem is mainly about a quiet night in spring. Flowers fall, the moon rises and birds sing, all moving. The author uses the dynamic technique to contrast the quietness, and receives the artistic effect of "Tonamiyama is more secluded".
"Leisure" means that there is no human disturbance around, which shows the poet's inner leisure. On this premise, the delicate osmanthus fell from the branches before being noticed. Poets can find this kind of "falling" through the touch of flowers falling on their skirts, or through the sound, or through the slightest fragrance when petals fall. In short, the factors that "depravity" can affect people are very subtle. When this subtle factor can be clearly felt from the surrounding world, the poet can't help but marvel at the silence of the night and the special emptiness shown by this silence. Here, the poet's mood and the environmental atmosphere of Chunshan blend and influence each other.
Write an ethereal and quiet environment and state of mind. The protagonist listens to the birds and flowers with all his mind, and his heart is quiet and indifferent, but full of elegance and affection. The quiet nature is vivid and colorful in the poet's pen, and the business is full. The moon rises silently and the birds fly in surprise, which is an artistic scene of dynamic and static contrast. "Er 'anshuo Tang Poetry": "You are good at Zen, and all poems are in line with the holy religion." Note in Tang poetry: "It's wonderful that idle people lead this leisure." "A Brief Record of Poetry Change": "Birds sing and move; This stream is very narrow. But I put the words' the night is still and the mountains are empty' first, and then I point out the birdsong creek. I feel a kind of empty scene, because birdsong is more and more obvious and exposed outside the pen and ink. A slicer can be achieved without manpower. "
This poem is one of the representative works of Wang Wei's landscape poems. From the perspective of literary creation, the subtlety of this poem lies in the poetry set off by the contrast between "dynamic" and "static". The first sentence, "osmanthus flowers fall when people are idle, and the mountains are empty at night", describes the scenery with sound and skillfully uses synaesthesia to combine the dynamic scenes of "flowers fall" and "people are idle". Flowers bloom and fall, all belong to the sound of nature. Only when the heart is really free and the obsession with worldly distractions is put down can the personal spirit be promoted to the realm of "emptiness". At that time, the background was "late at night", and the poet obviously couldn't see the falling scenery of osmanthus, but because of the "quiet night" and the "meditation" of people watching the scenery, he still felt the process of blooming osmanthus falling from the branches, floating down and falling to the ground. While reading aloud, we seem to have entered the scenic spot of "Fragrant Forest and Flowers and Rain". The "Spring Mountain" here has left us a blank of imagination. Because it is a "spring mountain", we can imagine the noisy pictures during the day: beautiful spring, birds and flowers, laughter and laughter. At this time, the night is still, the tourists leave, the noise of the day disappears, and the mountains are idle. In fact, "emptiness" is also the poet's state of mind as a Zen monk. Only when his mood is free and easy can he capture scenes that others can't feel.
The last sentence, "Birds are startled when the moon is out, and birds are singing in the spring stream", is based on moving to write quietness, a "surprise" and a "singing", which seems to break the quietness of the night, but in fact, it sets off the quietness and leisure in the mountains with the description of sound: the moon emerges from the clouds, the quiet moonlight flows down, and several birds wake up from their sleep and whisper from time to time, echoing the thin sound of running water in the spring stream.
It is an old saying that "the article is natural, and the skillful hand wins occasionally". In ancient times, good poems were all natural and beautiful, and they were all narrated by skillful hands. And when we are whispering, our thoughts seem to follow the poet's words into that beautiful and unique picture. 4 From the perspective of poetry. This is a farewell poem. Judging from the content of the poem, this is another epic. When the poet bid farewell to his friends, he expressed his infinite admiration for the ancient heroes, thus expressing his deep feelings about reality and pouring out his great anguish that he was full of blood and had nowhere to flow.
"Don't go to yan dan here, a strong man will break his wrist." These two sentences are written where the poet bid farewell to his friends by chanting ancient things. This place refers to Yishui, which originated in Yixian County, Hebei Province, and was the southern boundary of Yan State during the Warring States Period. A strong man refers to Jing Ke, a defender of the Warring States and an assassin. According to Records of the Historian Biography of Assassins, Jing Ke avenged Yan Taizi Dan and was ordered to enter Qin to assassinate the king of Qin. Prince Taizi Dan and other guests sent him to Xiao's shore. When leaving, Jing Ke was furious and sang "I Shui Ge" with passion: "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong man is gone forever!" Then he set off bravely without hesitation. This hero of the lower class who sacrificed his life for justice and was not afraid of violence has been living in people's hearts for thousands of years and is universally respected and loved. The poet Luo was persecuted by the Wu regime for a long time, and his patriotism failed to display. Therefore, when Xiao sent his friends away, he naturally remembered the tragic story of the ancient meeting between the monarch and the minister, and used history as a metaphor to describe the present, creating an environment and atmosphere for the following people to express their hugs.
"There was no one in the past, but the water is still cold today" is a remark that cherishes the old and hurts the present, expressing the poet's feelings. People used to refer to Jing Ke. No, death. Jing Ke went to Qin Ting, hit the king of Qin with a dagger, missed, and was killed. These two poems are in the form of antithesis, both ancient and modern. A light and heavy, a slow and urgent, is not only to praise history but also to express feelings, fully affirming the life value of the ancient hero Jing Ke, but also to pour out the poet's ambition and anguish and express his hope for his friends. Tao Yuanming once wrote a poem "Ode to Jing Ke", saying, "If fencing is not refined, it will not become a great instrument. Although he went, he had a thousand years of love. " Expressed reverence and regret for Jing Ke. This poem and Tao poetry complement each other, but it is more subtle and meaningful in the creation of artistic conception. The word "cold" in "Today's water is still cold" is rich in meaning and deeply expresses the poet's feelings about history and reality. First of all, "cold" is an objective landscape. This poem was written in winter, and the rivers in the north are naturally cold in winter. Secondly, "cold" is a reflection on history. Although Jing Ke, an ancient hero, made outstanding contributions, he was also awe-inspiring, and the poet cherished his memory deeply. Jing Ke has long since ceased to exist. However, the hero's heroic spirit of hating his guts and dying is still there, and the Yishui River, as a historical witness, is still there. In the face of Xiao's cold wave, the poet seems to have heard the tragic farewell song sung by ancient heroes, which is awe-inspiring and produces a feeling of striving for strength. Again, "cold" is also a summary of reality. When the poet bid farewell to his friends on the bank of Yishui, he felt not only the cold water, but also the cold heart. Wang Luobin, who thought of Chu with his sword and reported to the DPRK with his golden vertebra (Yong Huai), was very ambitious. He is willing to shed his blood and do earth-shattering things. However, the reality is that "the son of heaven doesn't know, everyone knows" ("Xia Yue visits Texas to give high school"), which is out of date and unbearable. The poet's heart is full of loneliness and anger, just like the Yi River. Where are those lost times before me? Behind me, are the future generations? " The poet had to pour out his hard-won ambition and endless resentment to his best friend. The poet's memory of Jing Ke is not only a comfort to himself, but also an encouragement to his friends.
The center of this poem is the fourth sentence, especially the word "cold" at the end of the poem, which is the finishing touch. The word "cold" contains the feelings in the scene, binds the feelings and the scene together, and forms meaning with images. Scenery and elephants. It is the concrete description, feeling and significance of objective things, and the poet's aesthetic comprehension and feeling of objective things. The ancients said, "The elephant means meaning." Poets belong to natural objects and readers belong to artistic objects. Finding the objective existence of beauty and the great expression of life personality, thus transferring this subjective feeling and meaning to objective scenery and images, giving life to nature and art, and giving objective things subjective souls, is "empathy" in poetry creation and appreciation. The word "cold" in Today's Water is still cold is the material symbol of this empathy, which is the most successful place in this poem. The title of this poem is farewell, but it doesn't say who to say goodbye to and what to say goodbye to. The whole poem is purely about history. But reciting the whole poem, the magnificent scene of "generously leaning on a long sword and sending you away with a song" is like before you. Why is this? Because history itself is a strong farewell, which is the same as the poet's farewell to his friends in the event. Farewells in ancient and modern times are all on the banks of Yishui River, and the places are the same. Yi shui spans ancient and modern times, poetry spans time and space, and the whole poem is integrated. One ancient and one present, one bright and one dark, two clues are explained at the same time, and finally unified in the word "cold" of "today's water is still cold" The conception of this poem is very clever.
With strong and deep feelings and subtle and refined techniques, this poem got rid of the influence of the delicate poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty, which marked the maturity of the five-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty and opened the way for the healthy development of Tang poetry.