江雪
Original text
Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty Birds in thousands of mountains have disappeared, and all traces of people have disappeared. A man with a coir raincoat in a lone boat, fishing alone in the snow in the cold river.
Notes
1. This is a poem written by Liu Zongyuan after he was demoted to Yongzhou. He used the fisherman fishing alone in the cold river to express his loneliness and depression. 2． Jue: None, no. Traces of people: traces of people. Extinction: disappear, no more 3. The birds are gone: there is not a single bird in the sky. 4． Qianshan: Virtually refers to all mountains. Wanjing: Virtually refers to all roads. 5． trace: trace. The traces of people disappeared, and there was no trace of anyone. 6. Solitary: solitary. Zhou: small boat. Coir raincoat (suō lì): coir raincoat, bucket hat.
Translation
There are no traces of birds in the surrounding mountains, and there is not even a trace of people on the path. Only on a small boat on the river, there is a man wearing a raincoat and wearing a hat. An old man in a bamboo hat was fishing alone on the cold river.
Brief Analysis
Most of Liu Zongyuan's landscape poems describe relatively secluded and cold realms, in order to express his depression, grief and anger at being persecuted and demoted. This poem depicts a picture of a fisherman fishing alone in the cold river, expressing the poet Yongzhen's arrogant and unyielding character despite his loneliness after the failure of reform. The first two sentences "Thousands of mountains and birds have disappeared, and thousands of people have disappeared" describes the snow scene. "Thousands of mountains" and "ten thousand paths" are all exaggerations. There should have been birds in the mountains and people on the road, but "the birds disappeared" and "the traces of people disappeared". The poet uses the scene of birds fleeing and pedestrians to disappear to render a desolate, cold and lonely realm. Although the word "snow" is not directly used, the reader seems to have seen the overwhelming snow and felt the biting cold air. This was a reflection of the harsh political environment at that time. The third and fourth sentences, "A lone man in a boat with a coir raincoat fishing alone in the snow on a cold river" depict the image of a fisherman fishing alone in a cold river. In a place with heavy snow and almost no life, there is a lonely boat with a fisherman on it. , wearing a raincoat, fishing alone on the snowy river. The image of this fisherman is obviously a portrayal of the poet himself, twisting and turning to express the poet's tenacious, fearless, arrogant and noble spiritual outlook despite his loneliness after the failure of political reform.
Appreciation
This poem was probably written when he was exiled to Yongzhou. This is a five-character quatrain with oblique rhyme. At first glance, this looks like a clear landscape painting: a cold river in a world of ice and snow, with no pedestrians or birds, except an old man alone in a boat, fishing in silence. But if you look carefully, you will find that this clean, quiet, and cold picture is a symbol of a state of life that is independent, solemn, and aloof from the world. First of all, it creates a pure and cool artistic realm. Judging from the literal meaning of the poem, the sentence "lonely boat and coir raincoat" seems to be the focus of the author's description, occupying the main position of the picture. This fisherman, wearing a coir raincoat, was sitting alone in a small boat fishing for a long time. The words "solitary" and "lone" have already shown his distance from the world, and even revealed his aloof, refined, and arrogant personality. The theme that the author wanted to express has been revealed here, but the author still felt that he was not interested enough, and carefully created a vast and silent artistic background for the fisherman: in the distance, there are towering peaks and thousands of paths, but there are no birds flying on the mountain. The path is deserted. Why is the natural world, which used to be so noisy and full of vitality, so dead? A heavy snow fell one after another, covering thousands of mountains and blocking thousands of paths. If birds can't fly, people can't fly. The cold brought by the ice and snow created a white, deserted world. This background strongly sets off the lonely and thin figure of the fisherman. At this moment, how cold and lonely his mood must be! Here, the author uses the technique of contrasting and rendering to try his best to describe the climate and scenery when the fisherman was fishing. With light brushstrokes and just a few words, he embodies the clean and cold atmosphere. Lyrical atmosphere. Wherever his brush strokes reach, it stretches across the sky and the earth, as high as the peaks and as low as the rivers. Within a short distance, it covers thousands of miles. Shen Deqian commented that "the simplicity is gone". Gu Lin said, "The last song is as if the snow scene is now." What both of them are referring to is roughly the creation of the realm of this poem. Secondly, it vividly reflects the author's psychological state of being unwilling to surrender and feeling lonely after being demoted to Yongzhou. Zheng Gu, who was later than Liu Zongyuan, once wrote "Odd Titles in the Snow": "The smoke of tea floating in the monk's house is wet, and the wine in the singing hall is weak. When I come to the river at night, it is a good place to paint, and the fisherman returns home covered with a raincoat." This poem is also written in the snow on the river. The author is a fisherman, but his language is ordinary and lacking in realm. The author has not integrated his own subjective consciousness and distinctive personality into it. Therefore, Su Shi criticized him for "learning Chinese from the village", but praised Liu Zongyuan's last two sentences, saying that they were "human nature". Is there any gap? It’s almost as if it’s gifted by nature, and it’s just out of reach”! Su Shi’s so-called “human nature” refers to the poet’s emotional forging. The opposite of "humanity is separated" is "humanity is not separated". To achieve "humanity is not separated" is to reach the highest state of situational blending. We know that after the failure of the "Yongzhen Reform", Liu Zongyuan. Even though he was criticized continuously, he always maintained a tenacious mental state. His "Eight Notes of Yongzhou" is dedicated to describing the scenery of remote mountains and remote areas. He used the title to create his thoughts and expressed his deep feelings. Every plant and tree expresses his extremely lonely mood. His arrogant and refined personality was also fully demonstrated. The image of the fisherman in this poem is living in a lonely and cold world and going his own way, walking calmly in an uninhabited environment. Isn't his weather vane, his spirit, and his unswerving mentality very admirable? Zhang Zhihe, a poet who was about the same time as Liu Zongyuan, wrote in "Yu Ge Zi": "In front of Xisai Mountain, egrets fly, peach blossoms and mandarin fish flow in the water. Fat.
Green bamboo hat, green coir raincoat, slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return. "Zhang chose the time when spring is warm and the flowers are blooming to create the scene. The picture is beautiful and quiet, revealing the tranquility and leisurely feeling of the "Yanbo fisherman". Liu Zongyuan is different from Zhang Zhihe. He is a politician who insists on justice. Based on the soil full of contradictions and struggles, he chose the cold and deep winter. His mood was not only about enjoying the mountains and rivers, he also wrote about the serious, austere and inviolable side. The personality is particularly outstanding. Finally, the structure of this poem is extremely exquisite. The title of the poem is "Jiang Snow", but the author did not mention the title. He first wrote about the tranquility of thousands of mountains and paths, where the birds do not fly. Extinct. Then the pen turns to reveal the image of the lion fishing in a lonely boat. The word "Hanjiang Snow" is not mentioned until the end. Read the title to the end, and then read the whole story again. A feeling of sudden enlightenment arises spontaneously. The vast sky and the vast land are very attractive. The artistic conception of this poem is very particular. The poet uses the method of contrast and foil: the vastness of thousands of mountains and paths sets off the old man in the boat. The insignificance of the scene contrasts with the old man's interest in fishing; the tranquility of the picture contrasts with the character's emotion. The scene in the poem is actually a reflection of the poet's mood. There are no birds in sight on the peaks, and there are no traces of people on the paths. The entire land is covered with white snow. An old fisherman wearing a raincoat and a hat is fishing alone on the Hanjiang River in a lone boat. Look, what a vivid picture of fishing alone in the cold river! What does this picture mean? As we all know, there will never be "pure" landscape poems or landscape paintings in them. It is always necessary to more or less reflect the author's emotional and realistic content. In fact, the best landscape poems, although the whole poem is full of flowers and birds, and the paper is full of smoke and haze, must be that every word is a scene, and the sound is savored. It's always love. This poem is no exception. As long as we understand Liu Zongyuan's life experience, we can see this.
Hot Spots
Most people on the Internet are discussing "Jiang Xue". Whether a poem is an "acrostic poem" or not? The first word of the four lines of "Jiang Xue" can be cut and connected to form "Ten Thousands of Loneliness". The depression comes out quietly, and the more you look at it, the heavier it becomes, which just reflects the poet's solemnity. State of mind. But Jiang Xue is not an acrostic poem, but an inlaid poem.
About the author
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), whose courtesy name was Zihou, was from Hedong (now Yongji County, Shandong). ) was an outstanding thinker and essayist. He also had great achievements in poetry. "Jiang Xue" was written by Liu Zongyuan after he was demoted to Yongzhou. This poem has always been praised by people. With extremely refined writing, he outlines the scene of a fisherman fishing alone on a cold river covered with snow. It artistically summarizes the dangerous political environment he was in at that time, and demonstrates his fearlessness and tenacity to not succumb to the forces of darkness. The noble character of will and dissent.
[Edit this paragraph] Poet of the same name
Jiang Xue: formerly known as Jiang Shan (1970.10-) is an important poet and free artist born in the 1970s. Born in Qichun, Hubei Province, he graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology majoring in journalism. He began to publish literary works in 1987. In the same year, he founded the Hexi Poetry Society and the "Hexi" poetry magazine (5 issues published), and began to study painting, calligraphy and Western culture. His works are scattered in newspapers and underground publications at home and abroad. He has won many awards in national poetry competitions and was selected into "1993, Chinese Modern Poetry Exhibition (Sichuan)", "Selection of Representative Works of World-famous Chinese Young Poets in the 20th Century", "China "Selected Postmodernist Poems", "1949-1999 Hubei New Era Literature Department". Poetry Volume", "2004 Selected Poems of the New Poetry Era", "2005 Selected Chinese Poems", "2006 Selected Poems in Life", "2006 Hubei Poems", "Selected Poems of the 21st Century" and other selections. He is the author of the poetry collection "Han Orchard" (1993), "The Ballad of Mortality", essay collection "Thoughts Underwater", novel "Running Along the Railway", historical experimental text "1970", editor's review collection "People in the Black Kiln Era", etc. Representative works of oil paintings include "Death of the Poet", "Evening Bell", "Memory", "Lake in the Forest", etc. After 1994, I stopped writing for nearly eight years for some reason. In early 1998, he participated in the founding of the folk magazine "Shengyang". In the winter of 2003, I started writing independently, and currently I prefer poetry, novels, essays and oil paintings. At the end of the same year, he resigned due to illness. In May 2005, he founded Solve Pioneer Culture and Art Network, and in October of the same year he founded the pioneer magazine "Acquired".