1. Features of object-chanting poems: In content, take something as the object of description, and grasp certain characteristics to describe it. Ideologically, it is often to express one's wishes. From things to people, from reality to nothingness, write spiritual character. Commonly used metaphor, symbol, personification and contrast.
The form of the proposed topic: ① taking the object as the topic; (2) chanting (topic, gift, praise)+object.
2. Content characteristics: chanting things to express one's ambition or quality; Or express your thoughts on life and evaluation of personnel.
3. Analysis angle: the similarity between things and people (the combination of things and me), when appreciating, we should focus on what is written and what characteristics it has. (2) what ambition.
Second, homesick poems (travel poems)
The ancients' long-term absence as officials, long-term wandering, or long-term frontier defense always caused strong homesickness, so there are many such poems. They either write about the hardships and loneliness of travelers' journey and their yearning for their hometown and relatives, or about missing relatives and friends, or about homesickness, or about being pregnant in a boudoir. In writing, I feel emotional about the scene, the moon (Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Ascending, Spring Sorrow, Returning Home at Sunset), or lyrical about things (moon, geese, flute and willow), or lyrical about dreams, or lyrical about wonderful metaphors.
To appreciate this kind of poetry, we should determine the emotional category on the basis of overall perception; Grasping the image and constructing the picture; Grasp the key words and appreciate the artistic features.
Third, farewell poems
In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation and underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to meet for several years, so the ancients paid special attention to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine farewell parties, fold willows to send them away, and sometimes sing poems to bid farewell, so parting has become an eternal theme of ancient literati. Because everyone's situation is different, the specific content and ideological tendency written in farewell poems are often different. Some express their feelings of parting directly, some express their feelings by spitting out the anger in their chests or expressing their wishes, some focus on the pain of parting without hating, some focus on persuasion, encouragement and comfort, and some have both. For example, Li Bai's To Wang Lun directly expresses feelings of parting, Gao Shi's Don't Move Big focuses on encouraging friends, and Liu Yong's Lin Yuling focuses on expressing feelings of parting and hatred. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we must carefully appreciate the types of thoughts and feelings contained in the poet's lyric poems.
1. Official symbol: there are words such as "send" or "don't" in the title;
2. Basic theme: reluctant memories; Affectionate encouragement; Confessions of Chen Xinzhi; Imagination, worry and yearning for friends in the afterlife. Common images: pavilions, willows, sunset, autumn, wine and so on.
3. Emotional color: attachment and reluctance-deep and sad, sad and melancholy; Comfort and wishes-broad-minded, energetic and optimistic.
Fourth, pastoral poetry.
Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty created landscape poetry, Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty created pastoral poetry, and in the Tang Dynasty, the school of landscape pastoral poetry represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran appeared. Landscape pastoral poetry is good at describing natural scenery, pastoral scenery and comfortable seclusion life, with meaningful and beautiful poetic landscape, quiet and elegant style and clear and elegant language.
This kind of poems often borrow scenery to express feelings and send feelings to the scenery, and the writing style is often sketched and set off.
1. Content scope: general landscape poems and pastoral poems;
2. Writing characteristics: lyrical by scenery, with feelings in scenery;
3. Analysis points: the characteristics of scenery;
4. Landscape pastoral poetry can live:
(1) Retire from the countryside and love mountains and rivers; ② Depicting the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers and loving the motherland;
(3) I hate the darkness of officialdom, express my carefree mood, and express my noble character of never colluding with others.
Five, frontier fortress battle poems
Poems about frontier fortress and war have existed since the pre-Qin period and developed into the Tang Dynasty. Because of the frequent wars, the rulers value martial arts over literature, and it is easier for literati to win fame and fortune by inviting the border court than the imperial examination. In addition, in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, frontier poems with magnificent feelings were greatly developed, forming a new school of poetry, with representatives such as Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling.
1. Official symbol: the words "blockade", "levy" and "army" appear in the title; There are also some old Yuefu poems, such as Liangzhou Ci, Youth Travel, Guan Shanyue and Joining the Army.
2. Basic theme:
The desire to establish a career; The determination to defend the country; The pain of mountains and rivers falling; Homesickness living in the border for a long time; The hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the tragic battles of successive years; Anger that there is no way to serve the country and sorrow that there is no hope of returning home.
3. Analysis focus: To appreciate frontier fortress poems, we should combine the author's life thoughts and the specific time of poetry creation, appreciate what the poet wrote in the poems and what kind of emotions he expressed, and pay attention to the scenery with frontier fortress characteristics and the events and psychology with war characteristics.
Sixth, nostalgic poems.
The memory of ancient poetry is generally the memory of ancient people and things.
Poetry about history often distorts historical facts and reality, or regrets personal experience or criticizes social reality. For example, Su Shi's Niannujiao. "Red Cliff Nostalgia" lamented his personal experience, the contradiction between ideal and reality, and achieved nothing over half a year. Xin Qiji's Forever Happiness. "Looking Back at the Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou" expressed his dissatisfaction with the court's drag out an ignoble existence and attacked the social reality. There are also poems about history, which only reflect and evaluate history calmly and rationally, or just describe it objectively. The poet's own experience is not among them, and the poet's feelings are just the sound outside the painting. For example, Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane compares the past and the present, expressing the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes.
The appreciation of epic poems should first understand historical facts and allusions, then understand intentions and feelings, and finally taste techniques.
1. Official symbol: The title contains the names of historic sites and ancient people, or takes "forever" as the front, or adds "nostalgia" and "eternal nostalgia" after historic sites and ancient people.
2. Content characteristics:
(1) Like the ancients, express their ambition to make contributions and cherish the memory of the ancients;
(2) Expressing the feelings of prosperity in the past and the decline of the present, implying dissatisfaction and even criticism of reality, and satirizing the present with the ancient;
(3) When worrying about the country and the people, expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers, sympathize with the sufferings of the lower classes, and worry about the future and destiny of the country and the nation.
(4) lament the passage of time, ambition is hard to pay.
Seven, poetry that will always be in my heart.
One is to show women's yearning for their husbands who are away from home, to express their dislike of war or to encourage their husbands to make contributions; The second is to express the thoughts of her husband who is far away from home, and express the tenderness and sadness of women; The third is to express the sorrow of women in the palace for perishable youth, the resentment of freedom being imprisoned and neglected, and the yearning for freedom and happy life.
Eight, namely sentimental poems
The ancients often wrote poems on the topic of "things", expressing their feelings because of something, such as caring for relatives, seeing friends off, homesickness, giving people away, life feelings and leisure. For example, Li Bai's Smelling the Flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night, and Lu You's Storm on November 4th.
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