(1) Expressing homesickness with the help of the moon: In the pre-Qin and Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, we began to express our thoughts for our loved ones with the help of the moon. For example, in the ancient poem "When will the bright moon shine" in the Han Dynasty, there is a phrase "When will the bright moon shine on my bed? Too sad to sleep, wandering around in clothes. Although the guest is happy, it is better to turn back early. " This poem. Some directly express homesickness. For example, Cao Pi's Miscellaneous Poems ... overlooks the clear water waves and looks up at the bright moonlight. ..... more sad thinking, thinking of hometown. ……"。 In the Tang dynasty, it was not uncommon to miss home by moonlight, and there were also many well-known poems. For example, in Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, "Looking up, it's moonlight, then sinking back, suddenly thinking about my hometown", and in Du Fu's Memories of Brothers on a Moonlit Night, "A wanderer listens to drums, and it's a wild goose falling in autumn". He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! . "The content of this period is often that the border soldiers are homesick for the full moon, or they are homesick for the full moon. Another example is Li Bai's Guan Shanyue, where the bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky and is in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. ..... The soldiers turned around and looked at the border, thinking of home with eager eyes. " It is also the theme of this type.
(2) Expressing homesickness through music: In frontier poems, such musical instruments often appear, such as Qiang flute, reed pipe and reed flute. , a well-known saying, "Why should Qiangdi blame Liu, the spring breeze does not reach Yumenguan"; Li Yi's "Listening to the flute at night" "The sand is like snow before Yuefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost. I don't know where to play the flute, and I want to look forward to my hometown all night. " Another example is Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night". "Who's Yu Di secretly fly, and to the full Los Angeles Spring City. In this serenade, I heard the willows, and no one can stand the nostalgia. " The "reed pipe" in the poem is reed flute and reed flute. This is a minority musical instrument. According to the literature, this kind of reed pipe was cut by Hu people, probably similar to reed pipe, and originated in the north. It can be seen that the music played by the reed flute has placed a farewell. The poem above also mentions "Willow" and "Folding Willow", referring to the song "Yang Liuzhi" written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Playing "Yang Liuzhi" evokes the nostalgia of frontier fortress soldiers for their hometown "Yangliuyiyi", which is in sharp contrast with the loneliness and bitterness of frontier fortress. Poets, like frontier warriors, find it difficult to fall asleep in this sentimental music and miss their distant hometown.
(3) Expressing homesickness with the help of birds: There are two common types: one is wild goose (or swan goose): "Wild goose" is a migratory bird that flies back to the north every spring. In ancient times, there was a story of swan goose passing books, so swan goose was often used as a symbol of the messenger who passed the news of hometown. Wild goose has become a special symbol to express homesickness. It is an image with various figurative meanings in ancient poetry. For example, Du Fu's "The Lonely Goose" "The Lonely Goose doesn't drink or peck, but only flies and doesn't sing. The geese disappear in the sea of clouds, who will pity the geese in the sky? Looking at the horizon, I seem to see the figure of my companion; The voice in the valley seems to hear the voice of the companion. The wild crow has no feelings and is noisy. " The poem is a metaphor for "a lonely goose", which vividly expresses his feelings of being separated from his relatives in the war. Show Du Fu's yearning for relatives and friends. There is the Fisherman's Pride written by Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty. "Qiu Lai scenery is different, Hengyang geese walk casually. Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. The pipe strength is covered with frost. People are not sleepy, and the general has white hair and tears. " With the help of geese, people can't go back, and their eyes are full of homesickness. Expressed a feeling of going to the countryside and homesick. The other is an oriole. The oriole is a legendary big bird (swan), which travels a thousand miles at a time and is taken by the gods. For example, the ancient poem "Step out of the East Gate of the City" and "Step out of the East Gate of the City, Wangjiang South Road". The old friend left here in the snowstorm the day before yesterday. I have thought about the river, which is deep and flat. I would like to be a double oriole and fly back to my hometown. " The poem expresses the sadness of returning to the motherland through the yellow stork.
(4) Expressing homesickness with the help of dusk scenes: it was first used in poems about missing women. The Book of Songs? Mr. Feng Wang said at the service, "It's evening, and the cattle and sheep come down. The gentleman is in service, don't think too much! " At dusk, cattle and sheep return to their pens. It reminds the protagonist of his yearning for a "gentleman". It can be seen that dusk is a time to look at people, things and people, whether it is for wanderers outside or homesick women at home. The Yellow Crane Tower by Cui Hao in the Tang Dynasty "only looks at my hometown, the twilight fades, and the river waves are sad and foggy". One sentence expresses a kind of desolation that people have returned to the mountains but are homesick alone, which evokes the homesickness of future generations. Lu Xun saw Twilight in Japan, which also evoked his subconscious homesickness. Yuanqu "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" (The withered vine and the old tree are faint, the small bridge is flowing, and the old road is thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. ) depicts two distinct dusk scenes: one is composed of repressed images. Such as "withered vines, old trees, thin horses in the west wind" and so on. The other is composed of warm images, such as "bridges, running water, people". The former makes the wanderer feel like a foreign land; The latter made the wanderer moved by the scene before him, thinking that the smoke in his hometown had begun at this time, and it was the time for his family to look forward to his return. Why don't two contrasting dusk scenes make the wanderer deeply grieved? .
(5) Express homesickness with the help of bleak scenery, such as "Tong Tong's only willow, send cement to the root river. ..... thousands of miles home, always hungry. ..... The cold wind blows my bones and the frost cuts my muscles "("Don't write three poems? Third "). The clothes are awkward. ..... melancholy and sad thinking, thinking about hometown ... "(Cao Pi's Miscellaneous Poems). In ancient poetry, images such as "cold mountain", "cold wind", "miserable rain", "white dew" and "clear autumn" are often used to express the suffering of wandering.
In addition, if you climb high on the Double Ninth Festival and go boating, you often enter homesick poems. The former originated from the ancient climbing custom of 1999; The latter was first seen in The Book of Songs? He Guang "("Who is He Guang? Reed rafts can sail. Who said that the realm of Song was far away? I can see it on my toes. Who says the Yellow River is very wide? It's hard to catch Xiao Mu's boat. Who said that the realm of Song was far away? I have never worshipped North Korea. ") A poem. Among them, "a reed" means a boat like a reed leaf, and "a knife" means a boat. Both of them give people the feeling of instability and wandering around.
The artistic conception that causes homesickness cannot be exhausted at one stroke. The above is just a simple summary of the situation that often occurs. In short, the homesickness of vagrants mostly comes from self-injury, and they hold things to express their feelings because of self-injury. There are three kinds of injuries caused by vagrancy, hunger and cold and aging. No matter what kind of scenery is used, it is caused by the above three psychological mechanisms, thus forming a special aesthetic phenomenon. Therefore, finding out the combination of scenery and author's psychology is the starting point to understand the theme of this kind of poetry. Let's understand this eternal love song; We should also sing this eternal love song well.
"The long autumn night is long, and the fierce north wind is cool. I can't sleep at the exhibition.