The debate between Du Li about which is better or worse has been going on 1000 years, and there is no recognized answer. Personally, I prefer Du Fu, as to why the following analysis will talk about it. However, whether high or low, Du Lidu is the pinnacle of China's classical poetry, which has always been recognized by the academic community. Han Yu once said, "Du Li's articles are in full swing. I don't know if the group is stupid, so it is embarrassing. " Until now, the academic community still holds this view.
I will analyze why China is the best from the development of his poems.
China's poems originated from The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, and five-character poems and Yuefu poems began to appear in the Han Dynasty. In the Jian 'an era, the stars were shining and famous artists came forth in large numbers, which made the so-called "the bones of great writers are all your brushes, and they are in heaven." Later, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and others created the "initial sound". Later, after the elegance of the poetic style in the Western Jin Dynasty, five-character poems began to dominate and gradually matured (Yuefu poems were basically five-character poems at this time), and Tao Yuanming, the most noteworthy, was absolutely top-notch. In the era of Bao Zhao, seven-character Yuefu poems appeared again. In the Qi and Liang Dynasties, the theory of "spirit of nature" became popular, and the predecessor of metrical poetry (modern poetry) was gradually formed, with some innovations in form, but most of its contents pursued rhetoric, floating thoughts, moaning without illness and mediocrity, and were ridiculed by later generations as "palace-style poetry" until the early Tang Dynasty, except for a few writers such as Shen Yue and Xie Tiao.
Needless to say, the Tang Dynasty was the climax of China poetry, and various genres and themes began to mature. From "frivolous" four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty to Chen Ziang, who explicitly opposed the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties and advocated "the style of Han and Wei Dynasties", the poetic circles in the prosperous Tang Dynasty began the struggle against extravagance and reached the peak of poetic culture. Before or at the same time, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen Can appeared.
After Du Li, the poetry circle in the middle Tang Dynasty began to decline, and Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen advocated a new Yuefu, which set off a climax of realism. Han Yu, Meng Jiao, etc. He also made innovations by writing poems. In addition, Li He reopened a romantic new world with his precipitousness, beauty and sadness. Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty have a strong sentimental atmosphere and have a different taste.
Song poetry is different from Tang poetry, and it develops reasoning poems with different lyric styles. Mei, Su Shunqin, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Fan Chengda, Yang Wanli, Lu You, etc. Also made achievements. Since the Song Dynasty, it is difficult to make a new breakthrough in the art of poetry, and there are few great poets.
The above briefly explains the development history of China's poetry. Now let's take a look at Du Li above the peak.
Li Bai reached the peak of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty along the road initiated by Chen Ziang. Li Bai's poems with the theme of Zhuangzi and Songs of the South widely absorbed Ruan Ji's profound release, Guo Pu's extraordinary and free from vulgarity, and Xie Tiao's beauty, and combined with the fresh and bold characteristics of the poetry world in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, formed a unique style of vigorous waves and lofty and broad artistic realm, exaggerating personal ideals and injustice to the extreme, magnifying self-image to the limit, being naive and wild, and thus having great personality. What can best express Li Bai's unique style is his miscellaneous words and seven-character Yuefu songs. He broke the shackles of neat couples, mixed the syntax of ancient Chinese and Chu Ci, and controlled ever-changing emotions with unrestrained momentum, forming an ideal world of magnificent fantasy and fairyland like a dream. Li Bai's most important masterpieces include Difficult Road to Shu, Journey in the Dream of Tianmu Mountain, Jiang, Fu Liangyin, Long March and various ancient styles. Li Bai also has a unique personality and high attainments in five-character and seven-character quatrains and metrical poems. In a word, Li Bai, with his genius and rich imagination, fully absorbed the essence of his predecessors, showed his naive and bold character, despised the powerful, despised vulgarity and his magnificent ideal world, and played the strongest voice of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Du Fu is younger than Li Bai 1 1 year. He was also a fan of Li Bai in his early years. He adopted a more inclusive learning attitude towards the previous generation of poets. Through unremitting efforts, he collected the achievements of the previous generation of poetry, opened the way for later generations to learn poetry, formed his own unique profound, depressed and frustrated style, profoundly reflected the vast social reality before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and set the highest standard for China's poetry art. Li Bai said, "Beauty is not precious since Jian 'an", and his recognition of the innovation of Liang's poetry is not high (although he actually absorbed many achievements in this respect). Because his grandfather Du Fu was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's artistic vision was broader than that of Li Bai's, and he put forward that "today's people love the ancients, and clear words and beautiful sentences must be neighbors" and "Ercao's reputation is ruined, and rivers are inexhaustible", which absorbed more comprehensive nutrition than Li Bai's. In addition, it is not surprising that Du Fu himself is "obsessed with beautiful sentences about human nature". "He made artistic creation more consciously than Li Bai, explored and tried many creative techniques, and achieved a more comprehensive artistic spectacle, which was amazing and had a greater impact on later poetry creation than Li Bai. Mr. Wen Yiduo said that others regard metrical rules as shackles, and Du Fu can use shackles as weapons. Du Fu is good at all kinds of poetic styles (and Li Bai is really inferior to Du Fu in this respect), and there are excellent works in all kinds of poetic styles that have been passed down to later generations, especially the seven-character poems (represented by the Night Pavilion on the Mountain, Five Poems on Historical Poems and Eight Poems on Autumn Prosperity). At the same time, his enthusiasm for the country and people and his high sense of responsibility for the times are an eternal model. In art, his innovation has greatly expanded the realm of poetry (most of Li Bai's poems and songs are mainly based on imagination, with limited content and thoughts), expanded poetry to the extent that it can express all things in the world, and created various poetic sources for later generations.