The Northern Song Dynasty when Li Qingzhao was born was the heyday of Ci. The development of Ci from the Tang and Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty has gone through hundreds of years of history. Due to political, economic, social and other factors, Ci began to flourish in the Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao is one of the wonderful flowers in the Ci Garden. Her lyrics can be said to be unique and have reached the level of proficiency. She is known as "a major lineage of lyricists" ("Summary of the General Catalog of Sikuquanshu·Jibu Ci and Music Class 1"), and has formed her own unique "Yi'an Style" , spread through the ages. She does not pursue gorgeous decorations, but refines the expressive "ordinary speech into music", uses line drawing techniques to express her keen feelings about the surrounding things, depicts delicate and subtle psychological activities, and expresses rich and diverse emotional experiences. , create a distinct and vivid artistic image, and develop the graceful style to its peak of "the words are exhausted but the meaning is not exhausted, the meaning is exhausted but the emotion is not exhausted" (Li Zhiyi's "Postscript to Wu Shidao's Xiaoci"), and won the title of "the master" of the graceful poets status. And we can also clearly feel that one of the characteristics of Li Qingzhao's lyrics, the "master" of the Wanyue School, is that her lyrics express very different emotions under different circumstances. And it is not difficult for us to find that this dividing point is the Jingkang Dilemma. What is the difficulty of Jingkang? The Jingkang Incident was a major event in Chinese history. It occurred during the Jingkang period of Emperor Qinzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1126~1127 AD), so it was called the Jingkang Incident. In 1120 AD, Song and Jin formed a maritime alliance and agreed that Jin would attack Zhongjing of Liao, while Song would attack Yanjing of Liao. After this was accomplished, the sixteen states of Yanyun would be owned by Song, and the rest of the land would belong to Jin. country. Later, the Jin soldiers captured Liao Zhongjing, but the Song Dynasty's 200,000-strong army suffered a tragic defeat. Yanjing was immediately captured by the Jin people, Emperor Tianzuo was captured, and the Liao Kingdom was destroyed. The campaign of the Jin Dynasty to destroy the Liao Dynasty seriously exposed the corruption of the Song army. The Song Dynasty did not complete the task according to the content of the agreement, but demanded that the results of the agreement be implemented, that is, the Jin people were required to fulfill the contract and include the sixteen states of Yanyun into the territory of the Song Dynasty. The Jin people in turn accused the Song people of not fulfilling the covenant to attack Yanjing. He refused to give up the sixteen states of Yanyun. So the Song Dynasty used Sui coins to buy back the sixteen states of Yanyun. In July 1123 AD, Zhang Jue, the former Liao general who stayed in Jin Ping Prefecture, surrendered to the Song Dynasty in Ping Prefecture, and then went to work in Yanshan Prefecture, which had belonged to the Song Dynasty. The Jin people accused the Song Dynasty of betraying the Jin Dynasty and surrendering. The Northern Song Dynasty had no choice but to kill Zhang Jue, but this caused dissatisfaction among the Han people in the sixteen states of Yanyun. In August 1125 AD, the Jin State attacked the Song Dynasty on the grounds of the Zhang Jue Incident. In April of the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin army broke through Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan), searched the city for several days, and captured thousands of people including Huizong and Qinzong, their concubines, princes, clan members, nobles, etc., and then withdrew northward, while Tokyo All public and private savings in the city were wiped out. The Northern Song Dynasty was tragically destroyed.
Taking the Jingkang crisis as a boundary, Li Qingzhao’s poems when he lived in the Northern Song Dynasty and when he lived in the Southern Song Dynasty formed two different styles: in the early stage, he mainly reflected the feelings of life in the boudoir, natural scenery, farewell sorrow, and beauty. Bright and bright; in the later period, it mainly expressed the emotion of nostalgia and mourning, and also expressed the strong thoughts of national subjugation, and the style of poetry became desolate and sad. It was also written by Li Qingzhao, why is there such a difference? We say that the creation of works by writers, especially works such as poetry and lyrics, has a great relationship with the author's state of mind when writing. So, what was Li Qingzhao's state of mind at that time? Under what circumstances did you feel like that? Let us take a look at the reasons for the change in Li Qingzhao's style of writing through her works and her background at the time.
Li Qingzhao, who was born in a scholarly family, was carefree and talented since she was a child. She was also the apple of her parents' eyes. The superior living conditions allowed her to devote herself wholeheartedly to literary reading and creation, and she was also influenced by her parents. Influenced by this, I can’t put down books.
Li Qingzhao’s father, Li Gefei, was a famous scholar at the time. He also made great achievements in literature and had his own unique insights. He had always been very famous in Jinan. His mother, Wang, was also different from ordinary ignorant women and children. An educated woman, well-informed and good at writing. It was Li Qingzhao's blessing to have such parents, and it was closely related to Li Qingzhao becoming a versatile writer. In particular, her father, Li Gefei, was the author of the famous "Luoyang Famous Gardens" and was well-known to Su Shi for his articles. Li Qingzhao was later widely praised as "the one who uses things wisely and works hard with examples." Naturally, her father had a great contribution. Only when you have read poetry and books since childhood can you have such erudition, and only if you read a lot of books yourself can you have such insights. Under his father's careful training, Li Qingzhao's talents gradually emerged.
Although we can no longer determine the specific place of life, according to research, most of Li Qingzhao lived in Bianjing when he was a boy, which was the political center of the country during the Northern Song Dynasty and a central point of economy and transportation. It was also a quite prosperous place at that time. Since ancient times, women have not had to care about state affairs, but how could a talented woman like Li Qingzhao not pay attention to everything. Of course, during this period, most of what she could observe was that people had no worries about food and clothing, and the streets were bustling with traffic. Therefore, a boudoir beauty like Li Qingzhao, who rarely had access to the bottom of society, would naturally not be aware of the storm behind the prosperity. In her eyes, the entire Song Dynasty was peaceful and peaceful.
In the first year of the Jingguo period (1101 AD), Li Qingzhao was eighteen years old. In such a youthful season, she got married.
Her husband, Zhao Mingcheng, was the third son of Zhao Tingzhi, the minister of the DPRK. He was three years older than Li Qingzhao. He had liked to visit the epigraphs and inscriptions of previous generations since he was a child. His hobby of collecting and studying epigraphy can be said to be a natural instinct. It is difficult for us to verify the specific reason or the circumstances under which the two met and agreed to each other, but what is certain is that the two were like-minded and had similar interests. They recited poems and composed poems together, and collected gold and stone antiques together. . Zhao Mingcheng was quite satisfied with such an outstanding and talented woman as Li Qingzhao. In the inscription on Li Qingzhao's thirty-one-year-old portrait, he once praised the beauty of her words and her dignified appearance, saying that she was really a companion with whom she could live in seclusion. Li Qingzhao was also very fond of Zhao Mingcheng's husband. Because I cared about him and knew that his favorite thing was the collection and study of epigraphy, inscriptions, antiquities, calligraphy and paintings, I helped him organize and review them together, caress and appreciate them together, and usually lived frugally, saving money just for those " Treasure". Later, although due to political relations, they had no choice but to return to Zhao Mingcheng's hometown, Zhucheng, and stayed there for more than ten years, their marriage was still warm, harmonious, and happy. Under such family conditions, social conditions and marriage conditions, it is conceivable that Li Qingzhao has no sorrow at all and she is happy. And growing up in an eunuch and marrying into an eunuch, although it cannot be said to be very vigorous, it is full of fun and laughter. Therefore, the tone of her early lyrics is mainly light and bright. , showing the boudoir life of girls and young women. Occasionally there is the sorrow of separation caused by the absence of the husband, such as "Drunken Flower Yin". It describes the lonely scene of being alone during the Double Ninth Festival, "It's impossible not to be in ecstasy, the west wind blows behind the curtain, and the person is thinner than the yellow flower." It expresses the loneliness caused by missing her husband. Another example is "A Cut of Plum Blossoms", "A kind of lovesickness, "Two Places of Idle Sorrow" writes about the deep lovesickness of being separated from her husband in a different place; "Good Things Are Near", "I always remember that after the begonias bloom, it hurts the spring season", "The soul's dreams are filled with resentment, and there is even a cry", which is both a sad and sad story. Spring is the yearning for my husband again.
Among the early poems, the two poems "Like a Dream" are representative:
I often remember that the sun is setting in the creek pavilion, and I am so drunk that I don't know my way back.
Returning to the boat late after having fun, accidentally fell into the depths of lotus flowers.
Fighting for the crossing, fighting for the crossing, startling a pool of gulls and herons.
When you read it for the first time, you can feel the author's joyful mood at that time. A colorful sunset picture of the Lotus Lake emerges in front of you: a rowing girl full of youthful vitality, and a lively and passionate person who loves life. A frank and dreamy girl, there are lotus flowers blooming on the water, and a group of snow-white gulls and herons on the beach that were startled. Everything is so beautiful, so peaceful, as if far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, with only the company of nature. Girls, lotus flowers, gulls and herons complement each other and merge into one, forming a vivid and interesting waterside picture. How pleasant and desirable! Li Qingzhao used verbs such as "returning to the boat", "entering by mistake", "fighting for the crossing", and "starting to wake up" to exaggerate the confusing and turbulent pleasant atmosphere in this painting, integrating scenery, objects, people and emotions into one. Even if it was "late", even if she "entered by mistake", it did not disturb the woman's elegance. Seeing the startled gulls and herons made her feel excited again. In addition, "twilight", "Lu", "Chun", "Du", and "Heron" all have oblique rhyme, clean and brisk, and are really catchy to read and full of rhythm. The wording of the entire poem is easy to understand, but it does not lose its fresh and meaningful meaning. It seems that everything perfectly matches the theme of the entire poem, just like the feelings the boating girl had at that time, relaxed and joyful, without any Firewood, rice, oil and salt, no three aunts or six wives, no hatred of the country and the family. Isn't this a portrayal of Li Qingzhao's life at that time? In addition to reciting poems and composing poems every day, she also occasionally goes out for outings. When encountering beautiful scenery, she cannot extricate herself from her emotional nature. Such a beautiful scene in the world also intoxicated Li Qingzhao's heart, making her linger and revealing her girlish feelings. It seems that it is just a simple description of the joy of traveling, but it is also a reflection of the author's life emotions. It is so carefree and obvious. For fear that others will not know this joy in the world, the plot of the trip is vividly described without any implicitness or cover-up. Such "publicity", such "unbridledness"!
Works like this that express nostalgia and love for natural scenery, travel, and seasonal changes have always existed like a lifeline in most of Li Qingzhao's early poems and have never disappeared. Of course, her words are not entirely so "simple", as if they are truly unworldly and innocent. Women are made of water, especially educated women, not to mention women with great talents like Li Qingzhao. Her thoughts and feelings are as delicate as trickling water, penetrating deep into the roots of water plants and the cracks in rocks. Li Qingzhao is no exception when scholars have suffered many injuries since ancient times. Her other song "Like a Dream" is a representative example of this.
It rained and the wind blew violently last night, and I couldn’t get rid of the remaining wine after a deep sleep.
When I asked the person behind the curtain, I found that Begonia was still the same.
Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, fat, red and thin!
This little order established Li Qingzhao's status as a "talented woman". "Yao Shan Tang Wai Ji" records: "Li Yian also wrote "Ru Meng Ling" saying: 'Last night the rain was sparse and the wind was sudden... green, fat, red and thin.' At that time, all the scribes praised it." It can be said that it was a sensation, and people were all excited. I can't help but be amazed that a woman can write such a good poem. Next, let us take a closer look.
When I woke up, I was still slightly drunk. I vaguely remembered that there were sparse raindrops and the strong night wind last night.
Suddenly there was an inexplicable feeling in my heart, as if something was leaving, so I asked the "curtain roller", but the curtain roller was a careless person and only said that the crabapple flowers were still the same. But you know what? Did you know? Although the green leaves are lush, the flowers have begun to wither.
This is a poem about mourning the time of spring. There is no literal meaning of "hurt" in the whole poem, but the meaning of "hurt" is implied everywhere. It is really tortuous, euphemistic, thought-provoking, and gives people a different artistic conception. Li Qingzhao's "Sentiment of Spring" is not like ordinary people's surging emotions. He describes how the flowers withered and narrated his deep melancholy. Instead, he changed his perspective, starting from the visual and auditory perspectives, just because "it rained and the wind blew last night." , I could vaguely feel the passage of time and the changing scenery, but I didn't want to prove it myself and just "tested the people behind the curtain." The word "try" contains thousands of emotions, which embodies the author's eagerness to know. The ambivalence of being very afraid of knowing is vividly displayed. And the word "but" shows that the author actually knows it well, but just doesn't want to admit it. After all, subjective emotions cannot resist objective laws. What is supposed to come will definitely appear, and what cannot be kept will eventually leave. The combination of "Zhifu" and "Zhifu" elevates the emotion of the whole poem to a new level, did you know? Did you know? I'm afraid this is because the foliage is lush and the flowers are beginning to fade. This is a very small detail in life. The protagonist discovers it. He cannot bear this sadness alone and is eager to tell others, lamenting that time flies by.
Only a delicate person like Li Qingzhao can have such delicate emotions. For people who grew up in an environment like her, pity for flowers is actually self-pity. Daiyu is also a delicate person. Daiyu expresses her emotions by burying flowers, and Li Qingzhao expresses his feelings about the ruthless alternation of the four seasons by pitying flowers. If you pity the flowers, the beauty will fade away; if you pity yourself, the beauty will grow old easily.
The joy of traveling and the feeling of time passing expressed in "Like a Dream" are the main lyrical content of Li Qingzhao's early poetry. The language is easy to understand and natural, and the emotions are expressed without any concealment. He opens his heart to the whole society and boldly expresses his feelings and thoughts. This is particularly prominent in Li Qingzhao's early works that express the theme of love.
Looking at the early poems, there are no too strong emotions, nor very heavy themes. They are all based on the feelings of the girl and the longing of the young woman. Her sorrow at this time is not for the country, nor for the country. Regarding the times, it only comes from ordinary life and sighs about natural things. It also vaguely reveals the criticism and provocation of traditional ideas and traditional culture by an advanced woman living in feudal society.
In a sense, human beings are really weak animals. We have no way of knowing when and what will happen, and we cannot change what is about to happen. We can only watch it happen and develop. , what we can do is to adjust our mentality to face it and accept it.
Maybe God feels that it has given Li Qingzhao this woman a smart mind, a superior living environment, and a happy family life for a long enough time. She should have enjoyed it enough, and it is time to take it back. , so the disaster happened suddenly.
The entire Song Dynasty was caught off guard by the Jingkang Disaster. The superficial pomp was shattered in an instant. The army retreated steadily, the Li people fled in panic, the capital was occupied, the monarch was captured, Li Qingzhao's country was ruined and his family was destroyed. Despite the disaster and torture, the drastic changes in fate caused the content of the lyrics to also change immediately. In such an environment, who would have the leisure to admire that beach of gulls and herons? Green, fat, red and thin are so insignificant and insignificant compared to the destruction of the country and the destruction of the family! As a result, Li Qingzhao's entire poetry style is no longer passionate and energetic, but more heavy and less light. This is really fat, sad, thin and romantic, and painful Qingzhao!
"Wulingchun", "Qing Ping Le", "Yong Yu Le", etc. all reflect the author's sadness and hesitation in speaking in the later environment. Sad tone, sad thoughts. In "Linjiang Fairy", "There is no point in testing the lamp, and there is no mood in walking in the snow", which further reflects the author's suffering of only having loneliness as his friend and companion in his later years. In such an environment, how many people can always maintain an optimistic attitude and face the surroundings positively? As people get older, they gradually lose the energy of youth; as people get older and have experienced more, they will no longer be full of passion so easily. Li Qingzhao, who was alone, became older and more lonely. As a result, the mentality of an old man was revealed, which was gloomy and heavy.
Among Li Qingzhao's later lyrics, we have to mention the popular song "Slow Voice". This poem was selected into middle school Chinese textbooks as a required text, which shows its great value.
Searching and searching, deserted and miserable.
It is most difficult to take a breath when it is warm and then cold.
How can three glasses and two glasses of light wine stand against him?
The wild goose is passing by, and I am sad, but it is an old acquaintance.
The yellow flowers are piled up all over the ground, and they are haggard and damaged. Who is worthy of picking them now?
Guarding the window, how can one live in darkness alone?
The sycamore tree is covered with drizzle, and it rains bit by bit at dusk.
How can the word "sorrow" be used this time?
In autumn, the leaves are withering and everything is yellow. It is a sad season. Facing such a scene, a person can't help but feel sad. He has no choice but to drink to drown his sorrow. But who knows, when the wine enters the sad heart, it turns into sad tears, which only makes the sorrow worse. The wind was blowing outside the window, and there was only one person inside the window facing the yellow flowers on the ground. From dawn to dusk, there was only one person.
What a depressing and desolate scene. The author basically spent his later years in this environment. There were no relatives around him, only sorrow, sorrow, sorrow. Let's look at this poem from beginning to end. Almost all of it is about scenery, but it has always been said that this is an extremely outstanding lyric poem. It is not difficult to remind us of Wang Guowei's words: "All scenery words are emotions. "Words." Here, Li Qingzhao blends emotions with the scenery, and the scenes blend together. All the words describing the scenery are actually for the author to express his emotions. Whether it is a flying goose or a yellow flower, every move makes people feel full of sadness and helplessness. release.
The fourteen-character overlapping rhyme at the beginning of the poem has always been praised by people. Luo Dajing praised it in "Helin Jade Dew": "It starts with seven overlapping characters, and women can be so creative. "Searching and searching" is an action, just to find the beauty of the past, to find some warm memories to let myself remember the loneliness now, but after searching, there is only a "deserted" environment, even a little. There is no color at all. Looking around, the scene in this room can only be described as dim. How can it not make people feel "miserable"? The author uses these fourteen words to express his deep sorrow after suffering a major trauma in his life, which cannot be shaken off or erased. Although there is no word "sorrow" in the whole fourteen words, readers can feel the sadness in the author's words and sounds. This is the brilliance of Li Qingzhao. "It is really incredible to win by surprise" (Liang Shaoren) "Essays of Liangbian Qiuyu'an"). The phonological effect produced by the stacking of overlapping words is like crying, complaining, resentment and admiration, just as Xu Hongting said: "It's like big beads and small beads falling on a jade plate." In this way, the emotional tone of the entire poem has basically been Now that it's out, how does the author flesh out this tone? Let's take a closer look.
The word "light" has a profound meaning. Does it really mean that the wine is light? The protagonist originally wanted to get himself drunk. Once a person is drunk, he will be confused and feel nothing, so that he can survive the long lonely night accompanied by only a dim light. However, because of "light wine" , the author's mind was still very clear, but he couldn't withstand the strong wind that night and couldn't help but fall into deep sadness. The wine that ancient people drank was more inclined to our current liquor, so the alcohol should not be weak, and two or three glasses would be more than enough to make a woman like Li Qingzhao drunk, but the fact is , the wine is too weak. If you look closely, it can only be because the protagonist's sadness is too strong, which drowns out the wine. Although he was not drunk, he was filled with sadness. As twilight gradually sets in, the melancholy deepens. My eyes can't bear to see, my ears can't bear to hear, and all the melancholy can only be allowed to erupt helplessly.
From another perspective, wine is another image, using "light wine" to highlight the depth and weight of sorrow. Because one of the emotions that the author wants to express in the whole poem is sadness, but he does not describe himself "blatantly" "I am so sad, my sadness is so deep", then it will inevitably be expressed in another form, that is Use imagery to speak for yourself using a variety of different but well-known things. The sorrow reflected in "Slow Voice" is so intense and so eager to express. Li Qingzhao turned his abstract emotions into concrete images to express them, which is an excellent way to vent. So, apart from "wine", what other images are used for it? Let us review this classic elegance again. The season is in autumn, and the scenery in front of us is: wild geese, yellow flowers, sycamores, drizzle, etc. Guo Yan is an old acquaintance, but we are no longer the same people as before. Meeting here can really be said to be like "we are both fallen people in the world, why should we meet before". The yellow flowers on the ground are just like my current appearance, which is full of wrinkles and haggard. Who else can pity her and love her? Wutong is a thing that brings sorrow and hatred, and rain is a symbol of sorrow and sorrow. If it is not enough to use all the things that represent sorrow to serve oneself, then add another sentence at the end of the article: This time, how can one The word "sorrow" is quite good.
"How can the word "sorrow" be so important?" is the topic sentence of the whole poem. "Sorrow" is the word part of the whole word. As the author said above, what the author wants to express in the whole poem is "melancholy", but this "melancholy" is not mentioned in the large content, but now it appears at the end of the article. The author's intention is quite profound, or in other words, all the "melancholy" The emotion has been suppressed until now and it is difficult to control it. Just like the water will naturally overflow when the tank is full. The author's emotion at this time has reached a peak, a full point, but this emotion is not a simple one. The word "sorrow" can be summed up, but there is really no suitable adjective to describe it. So, the only thing I can say is "this time, how can the word "sorrow" be used?" The whole poem ends very sadly, with a bit of helplessness, revealing the author's deep loneliness.
This is "Slow Voice". An old woman sits alone at the window sadly, looking at everything outside the window silently. Her heart is crying, her eyes have become empty, and her Her emotions were buried by the destruction of her country and her family, and her straightforwardness and liveliness were swallowed up by years of displacement, leaving only yellow flowers on the ground and a haggard look. The emotion of the whole poem is low and rich, with a deep sadness that cannot be shaken off, running through the whole poem. This is also the main feature of Li Qingzhao's later poems.
In the later period, the content covered by Li Qingzhao's poetry was no longer solely focused on himself. Such a talented woman must be related to the country. In the past, she was only limited by the environment and did not need to worry about state affairs, but now it is different, so now the depth of her works has also improved. Li Qingzhao's misfortune is the epitome and incarnation of the times. It is the misfortune of millions of people in the Southern Song Dynasty and the great misfortune of the Southern Song Dynasty. The sorrow reflected in "The Slow Voice" is no longer just Li Qingzhao's own sorrow. It is also the worry of people in the Song Dynasty, and the worry of the Song Dynasty. Just imagine, everyone was living a pleasant life in the Northern Song Dynasty, but the Jin Kingdom attacked whenever they wanted. What's even more tragic is that the Northern Song Dynasty, which had a superior sense of self-satisfaction, was so vulnerable that the people could only move their families. Faced with this Who wouldn’t be outraged by the tragic situation? Facts have shown that once their homes are destroyed, people, no matter how scattered or weak they are, will become brave and filled with righteous indignation, and their patriotism will burst out in an instant. Li Qingzhao is naturally no exception. As a scholar, like Lu Xun, he uses the pen as a weapon to write down his true feelings and express his feelings. Of course, due to the writer's own factors, how to express it is another matter. Li Qingzhao depicts his feelings in a euphemistic way and with a heavy heart.
From a young girl to an old woman, there will be some differences in creation. This is human nature. However, for Li Qingzhao, why did the style of her lyrics change so much? After Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion, he wrote many excellent pastoral poems; Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, but his creative work climbed to another level; after Li Qingzhao traveled south, the realm of his poetry also reached a new level. From "Like a Dream" to "Slow Voice", what kind of ups and downs did you go through, what kind of hard work did you go through to achieve such a change? Discussing the reasons for the changes in Li Qingzhao's poetry style before and after, I think there are the following points:
1. The political turmoil and long-term displacement. Li Qingzhao was born in the seventh year of Yuanfeng of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1084). On the surface, the Northern Song Dynasty at that time still showed a scene of singing and dancing. Bianjing, where he lived, was a prosperous city, and everyone was thinking about it. I am constantly struggling to live my own life. Every day and night is unremarkable, but I have no worries. However, due to the Jingkang crisis, the people's peaceful days were gone, and Li Qingzhao's comfortable days were also gone forever, and he was often troubled by livelihood problems.
After the war broke out, Li Qingzhao, like everyone else, fled with his family. The war continued to spread, and the incompetent Northern Song army retreated steadily. The people of the Northern Song Dynasty were displaced and had no place to stay. They fled to one place and soon had to find other places to stay. They were frightened every day and suffered from the torture of running around. The peaceful Southern Song Dynasty court showed its corrupt face time and time again, and the people had no choice but to accept the consequences. Moreover, due to her husband's transfer and being falsely accused of treason, Li Qingzhao was on the road again and again, exhausted physically and mentally.
2. The death of the husband and the indifference of society. Li Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Mingcheng were like-minded and got married. The two spent a long and wonderful time together. Whenever her husband traveled for work, Li Qingzhao would always wait silently at home, looking forward to her husband's return. Therefore, he wrote a lot Excellent work. On August 18, 1129 AD, Zhao Mingcheng accepted the appointment as the governor of Huzhou in a chaotic situation, so the two rushed to Huzhou. However, on the way to Huzhou for appointment, Zhao Mingcheng fell ill due to summer heat. In that turbulent situation, due to improper treatment, he unfortunately died in Jiankang, leaving behind Li Qingzhao, who was in his forties. This was a heavy blow. After reaching middle age, he lost his life-long partner who he thought he could depend on each other, not to mention such a like-minded artistic confidant. Moreover, in such a turbulent era, Li Qingzhao was filled with grief. He was much older, and after burying her husband, he also fell seriously ill.
After suffering a series of blows, Li Qingzhao has no relatives or friends around him, and the hateful Jin Kingdom is about to make a comeback. The situation in Jiankang is not optimistic. At this time, a rumor spread that Li Qingzhao collaborated with the enemy and treason. But the fact is that when Zhao Mingcheng was seriously ill, a bachelor named Zhang Feiqing visited him with a jade pot. Nowadays, such an incident has been rumored to mean that his family gave jade pots to the Jin people ("Preface to the Records of Jinshi"). In that turbulent era, it was like adding insult to injury, and Li Qingzhao had no choice but to start a homeless life again. In his later years, when Li Qingzhao was ill, a man named Zhang Ruzhou continued to be attentive and claimed that he would take good care of her. After many considerations, Li Qingzhao chose to remarry. But who knew that not long after, Zhang Ruzhou's true face was exposed. What he had done Everything is just for money, and he does a lot of sleazy things in private. Li Qingzhao was so angry that he directly complained to the government.
As a result of this accusation, she was said to have "remarried out of integrity" and was not a woman. She was also attacked and slandered by the upper class, making it difficult for her to gain a foothold. There really is nowhere to redress your grievances, and nowhere to talk about your sufferings. You can only swallow them in your stomach. How miserable?
3. Differences in subject mentality. In the early stage, the protagonist of the poem was still a girl or young woman. She looked at the surrounding things from the perspective of a girl or young woman, and evaluated everything she saw and happened from the perspective of a girl or young woman. "Ru Meng Ling·Chang Ji Xi Pavilion Sunset", I played so much that it was already late, and because of this I "didn't know the way back" and strayed into the depths of the lotus root. Generally, I would be full of worries, but here it is reflected My heart is full of joy. How many people can have such a mentality? A middle-aged man who has gone through most of his life? Or an old man who has experienced many ups and downs in life? As long as you think about it for a moment, no matter which of these two types of people you belong to, you should have no intention of going boating by the stream pavilion again, let alone miss your way home just because of a whim. Judging from their perspective, when they go out, they will worry about the children at home and other miscellaneous things. How can they be so happy? Only young girls have no worries in life and don't have to worry about housework. Because they have parents, they don't have to worry about food, rice, oil and salt. Because they have no heirs, they can do whatever they want to do without any worries. What about the later stage? "It's miserable and miserable", "Everything is different and everything is different", "The servant girl is afraid of going out at night"...Such a deep tone and such sophisticated words are not suitable for those who have experienced the ups and downs of the world. Unable to speak. Therefore, the main mentality of the early stage is very different from that of the later stage. If the early stage is like a newcomer, then the later stage is the image of a person who has experienced vicissitudes of life.
4. The writing content is different. It is precisely because of the difference in the subject's mentality that the writing content will inevitably be different, which can also be said to be a different focus. Because the early stage is mainly about girls and young women, it mostly shows the girl's life in the boudoir and the young woman's longing for her husband who is away from home. "Drunken Flower Yin" is about love, it is about the young woman's longing for her husband who is away from home. The endless longing for my husband who has returned home, because I miss him so much, I feel like I have become much more haggard. In the later period, there were more works describing the loneliness and loneliness of the elderly, interspersed with the destruction of the country and the death of the family, and the sadness of the country. The writing themes were also broader, not as narrow as in the early period.
5. The writing situations are different. There is a short story. A host asked several guests to express their views on the woods, so the anthropologist said: "The woods are the paradise of mankind." The biologist said: "The woods are the cradle of life." The artist said : "The woods are the beauticians of nature." The painter said: "The woods are the source of inspiration." The economist said: "The woods are the green bank." The medical scientist said: "The woods are the green sanatorium." From this It can be seen that different identities will have different views on the same thing. Even the same person will have different mentalities at different times. Once a person's mentality changes, his opinions will also change. A girl and an old woman are two completely different images, and judging from Li Qingzhao's lyrics, the difference between the two is even worse than that of an ordinary girl and an old woman. The two songs "Like a Dream" have different conceptions, but the rhythms are still on the same line. They are both relatively bright and brisk, and both reveal the author's young, unrestrained and carefree mentality. As for "Slow Voice", it is obvious that the author expresses a strong emotion, a depressed mentality of an old man who has experienced great changes. If Li Qingzhao's early poems were about a pool of clear water with clear water, green water plants and roaming fish, then her later poems were about the dried up lotus pond, with no water plants that would sway left and right due to the vibration of the water waves. There are no cute fish that shake their heads all day long.
In short, Li Qingzhao is definitely a bright pearl in the history of Chinese literature. She emerged in an era when male writers gathered in ancient China, and opened up a field of her own. She is known as the "Master" of the Graceful School. . The style reflected in her early poetry is clear and bright, mainly describing beautiful natural scenery, emotions about the passage of time and longing for her husband. In the later period, it was a different scene. It was a responsibility and a woman's concern for state affairs, which seemed so deep. Li Qingzhao used her sensitive soul and delicate writing style to write her own legendary life! It's true that "Gai Butu looks down at the women and wants to overwhelm the men" (Li Tiaoyuan, "Yucun Cihua").