[train of thought analysis]
The following answers are for reference.
[Problem solving process]
1 What is topic composition?
The so-called topic is the center, content and beginning of the conversation. An article written around a given topic, that is, around a given dialogue, is a topic composition.
In the above example, as long as the composition written by the candidates is related to the "tree", it is related. Narrative can write about people and things you have experienced, seen or thought about "planting trees" or "destroying trees", describe people and things described by "trees" and abstract cultural phenomena, and imagine the survival relationship between people and trees in the future society. Explanatory text can explain the knowledge of the species, characteristics, functions and planting of trees (or trees), and can also explain the function (or harm) of planting trees (or destroying trees); If you write an argumentative paper, you can talk about the natural characteristics of trees. Things and people will lead to the discussion of some social phenomena, such as trees and "tree" people, such as thinking about the life and social phenomena caused by "trees, forests and climate". In addition, it can also be written as a drama.
Grasping the essence of the topic content and pursuing the "spirit likeness" with the topic content, the word "tree" may not be mentioned in the writing, but it is still relevant.
The above analysis shows that topic composition has the following characteristics:
1, related. The topic composition must be related to the topic. Generally speaking, the requirements of topic composition only stipulate the scope of the topic, but do not limit the theme of the composition. For example, a given topic, whether writing about tangible trees or intangible trees, should be related to trees, so that the composition is relevant.
2. Freedom. This is the biggest feature of topic composition. Compared with the previous propositional composition, semi-propositional composition and material composition, topic composition gives candidates great freedom and autonomy in topic selection, material selection, style and imagination. Generally speaking, the specific performance is as follows:
(1) Free topic. A given theme can remain as a theme. You can write your own questions for the exam. It is best to reflect the stylistic characteristics of the questions.
(2) freedom of material selection. As long as you choose to write about the topic, it is effective.
(3) freedom of style. Topic composition requires poetry (this restriction may be lifted in the future). In fact, in some areas in 2000, the senior high school entrance examination has allowed candidates to write poems), and candidates are free to choose narrative, explanatory, argumentative or drama.
(4) Freedom of imagination. Rich imagination is one of the characteristics of masterpieces. Topic composition gives candidates a wide range of freedom in topic, material selection and style, and also gives candidates a broader imagination. Therefore, excellent topic composition pays more attention to the innovation of candidates in the preparation of topics, conception, material selection, layout and writing-thinking what ordinary candidates have never thought of and writing what ordinary candidates can't write. Another point to be mentioned in Freedom of Imagination is the depth of thinking. The depth of writing is the depth of thinking. Only by seeing through the essence of what is written, grasping the relationship and development law between things and analyzing things dialectically can readers feel heavy and powerful.
In short, the freedom of topic composition is that composition gives candidates more choices: candidates choose by themselves; Choose the one that suits the candidates. At this point, the topic composition reduces the space for limiting candidates' composition. Candidates can give full play to their strengths, write their own personality and reflect their creativity in their compositions.
Composition genre
I. Narration
Second, the explanatory text
Third, argumentative writing
I. Narration
Narrative is an article that writes people's notes. According to the needs of the content, description, lyric, explanation and discussion can be interspersed. General narrative has six elements: the cause, process, result, character, place and time of the event.
We can write, flashback, insert or supplement the narrative in chronological order.
General requirements of narrative:
(1) true feelings.
(2) The content is specific and focused.
(3) The structure is clear and complete.
Second, the explanatory text
Explanatory writing is an article that explains things and reasons. It takes description as the main form of expression, scientifically explains the nature, characteristics, causes and functions of things, and aims at spreading knowledge.
General requirements for explanatory text:
(a) the content must be scientific and knowledgeable.
(2) Elaborate arguments or viewpoints in an orderly and hierarchical manner.
(c) concise text
Thirdly, argumentative writing is a style used to analyze things and clarify opinions and propositions. It takes discussion as the main form of expression.
General requirements for argumentative writing:
(a) at the beginning, according to the scope of the topic, set a position or argument.
(two) according to the arguments held, put forward strong arguments or reasons to convince readers.
(3) The level should be clear and the language should be concise.
What is prose? There are two concepts: broad sense and narrow sense. Prose in a broad sense refers to all articles that do not rhyme in ancient times. However, there was no such name as "prose" in ancient times; The name "Prose" came into being during the May 4th Movement. In modern times, prose in a broad sense includes all narrative, argumentative and lyrical styles except poetry, novel, drama and film and television literature. For example, Qin Mu said in "Generalized Prose Field" that "all short essays that do not belong to other literary genres but have literary flavor belong to the category of prose". In this way, there is a classification of lyric prose, narrative prose and argumentative prose. Prose in a narrow sense refers to lyric prose. This is because with the development of style, the communication characteristics, biographical literature and reportage in narrative prose have all developed into independent styles, each of which has become a category; Argumentative essay has a special name-prose, which is also separated from prose, leaving only lyric prose, that is, narrow prose.
Prose is a wonderful flower in literature. China's literature has traces of prose for a long time, such as Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion, Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower and so on. But the most successful is Xu Xiake's travel notes. Although this article belongs to the category of travel notes, in content and thought, it broke away from the simple lyrical article of borrowing scenery and created a new genre of prose.
Since modern times, a large number of essayists have emerged in China. Such as Zhu Ziqing, Yang Shuo and Ai Qing. Some of their works are fresh and beautiful, and some are profound and dignified. But they all recorded and admired the establishment, growth and development of the new China. This has a profound influence on the later prose style.
To sum up, there are two main aspects worthy of attention in prose, namely genre and style.
Let's talk about genre first. There are several prose genres now. There are essays, modal particles, travel notes, narrative lyricism and so on. With the author's different feelings, the definition of each essay is different.
In a few words, speak your mind, such prose is very essence, and complement modern poetry; Delicate and meticulous artistic conception, such prose is very concise, the author must have profound meaning, and must be understood in combination with the topic.
Talk about style. There are fresh, dignified, joyful, sad, positive, lonely and countless. But there is a purpose, that is, the writing must be beautiful and the article must be smooth. The shape is scattered but the spirit is not scattered. There must be a finishing touch at the end, highlighting the theme and reflecting the idea of this article.
In fact, life is like wine, and articles are like tea. A successful good article is a good article as long as it can attract readers' attention. Although prose has its own unique laws and categories, who is not moved by it as long as it is written from the heart? The same is true of awkward sentences in ancient poetry.
What is prose? Prose is the soul writing on paper!