See if you have added the omitted sentence elements. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting subject and object, omitting predicate verb, omitting preposition (generally omitting "Yu"), omitting verb and preposition object. When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translated meaning will be unclear and the meaning will be unreasonable.
Second, we should pay attention to adjusting the word order. There are many special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (judgment sentence, variant sentence, passive sentence, ellipsis sentence, fixed sentence, etc. ), especially variant sentences, mainly include attributive postposition, adverbial postposition (prepositional structure postposition) and prepositional object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can we translate accurately, otherwise, the translation will be prone to language diseases such as illogical, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."
Third, we should pay attention to the phenomenon of flexible use. Many notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use. It mainly includes causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, intentional usage of adjectives and nouns, nouns as verbs, nouns as adverbials, verb adjectives as nouns and so on. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.
Fourth, we should grasp the key words (mainly polysemous words), contact the context and make key breakthroughs. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand, comprehend and choose the meaning.
The above four aspects can be summarized as supplement and ellipsis, word order adjustment, flexible use and ambiguity understanding.
2. What requirements should be paid attention to in classical Chinese translation?
"Faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance" and "faithfulness" in the translation of classical Chinese means that the translation should be accurate, that is, the translation should be faithful to the original text, and the original text should be translated truly and appropriately by using modern Chinese. "Da" means that the translation should be fluent, that is, it should conform to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, and the words and sentences should be fluent without language defects. "Elegance" means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, that is, it should be vivid and vivid, and it should perfectly express the writing style of the original text.
Principles of classical Chinese translation
In the process of translating classical Chinese, we must follow the principle of "every word has its place, combining literal translation with free translation, and giving priority to literal translation". This requires us to translate every word in a sentence in a specific way. As long as it has a certain real meaning, we must implement it word by word and occupy the corresponding seat. When translating, we should directly change the classical Chinese into the corresponding modern Chinese according to the meaning and word order of the original text, so that words are inseparable from words and sentences. If the meaning is not smooth after literal translation, free translation should be used as an auxiliary means to make the meaning of the sentence as perfect as possible.
Translation methods of classical Chinese
Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve the reading ability of classical Chinese and students' written expression ability.
Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement. Try to keep the language style of the original text. For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start. When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down for the time being and weigh them after the translation. After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs.
The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough.
The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation.
Second, the specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing.
"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can remain unchanged when translated.
"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai. "This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated.
"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.
"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You".
"Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.
"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid. If "the waves are calm", it can be vividly described as "the lake is calm".
Classical Chinese Translation of Quartet
In the past two years, the college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translating classical Chinese. This increases the difficulty of answering questions, and the problems are all in the classroom, as if there is no trace to be found and there is no way to start. In fact, you can still pay attention to a little skill and play a wonderful "Classical Chinese Translation Quartet" from the following four aspects:
1. Translation should pay attention to supplementing omitted sentence elements. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object. When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable.
2. Translation should pay attention to adjusting word order. Variant sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, preposition postposition and preposition object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be easy, otherwise translation will be easily disrupted, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."
3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use. It mainly includes the causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, the conative usage of adjectives and nouns, and nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.
4. Translation should focus on keywords, context and breakthrough. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand and comprehend it.
To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard at ordinary times, pay attention to the above four points, master it flexibly.
3. Translation knowledge explains how to translate ancient Chinese and what to pay attention to when translating (1) Basic methods: There are two basic methods for translating classical Chinese: literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as relative as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of each word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the meaning of the translated sentence is difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the meaning is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages. It is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word for word. These two translation methods should be literal translation, supplemented by free translation. Second, the specific methods are: leave, delete, supplement, change, adjust and change. "Stay" means stay. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials and countries. Translation can remain unchanged. For example, the words "King of Chu", "Yan Ying" and "Yan Zi" in "Yan Zi makes Chu" need not be translated. "Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, the word "Yan" in I'm Sick is a modal particle and cannot be translated. This sentence means "I am the opposite". Ziyou and Amethyst were both seriously ill, and Amethyst died first. "Supplement" means supplement. (1) Change monosyllabic words into disyllabic words, such as "Lead a wife to this desperate situation" in The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, where the word "wife" means "wife and children"; (2) Make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence, such as "Qin died without mourning", which translates as: (Yu Zi) When he spoke, he didn't mourn at all. "Change" means replacing ancient words with modern words, such as "I" instead of "I", and "er" and "why" are inverted sentences of "why". The sentence of prepositional object means "why". "Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, the word "left and right" in Zi Yi Wen Zuo You refers to "people under his command" and "left and right are opposite to the day" ("left and right"). First, we should understand the theme, collect information, understand all paragraphs to sentences, clauses to words, and deal with difficult sentences coherently, so we need to be careful, take care of the previous paragraphs, contact the following sentences, and carefully consider the tone. If there are omissions, brackets indicate the gain. Names and place names don't need to be translated, just personal titles. There are rules. The content words and function words explained together with the text are sensitive to language sense and vary from sentence to sentence. After the translation, you must compare carefully sentence by sentence, understand the tone, make the sentences fluent, and then stop writing. Third, to do a good job in classical Chinese translation, we must master the necessary methods: (1) addition, that is, to supplement the omitted components in classical Chinese ellipsis sentences. Note: trapping. Parentheses should be added. 1, and the subject, predicate or object omitted from the original text should be added. Example 1: "You are frightened when you see a fisherman, and you never ask." Translation sentence: "(Taoyuan people) were surprised to see the fisherman and asked him where he came from." Ex. 2: "Once they assembled, they failed again, three. It should be supplemented in translation. Example 3: Jun and Ju Lai. After "Yu", the object "Zhi" is omitted. 2. Add related words that can make the meaning clear. Example: "Without treatment, it will benefit the deep" is a hypothetical sentence, and the translation sentence: "(If) without treatment, it will benefit the deep". (2) Delete. That is, delete all the words in ancient Chinese. So you don't need to translate, you can delete it. Example 1: "The husband dares." Translation: "Fighting depends on courage." "Husband" is a phrase that can be deleted without translation. Example 2: "Confucius: What is ignorance?" Translate the sentence: "Confucius said: What is simplicity?" "Zhi" is the symbol of prepositional object, which should be deleted and not translated. Example 3: "Learning from teachers has been passed down for a long time." The fashion of learning from teachers is gone forever. "Ye" is a modal particle in the sentence, which plays a role in calming emotions and has no practical significance. In translation, it can be completely removed. (3) Tone is adjustment, which is the case when translating inverted sentences in classical Chinese. You are ungrateful. "Can be adjusted to" you ungrateful ". Postposition attributes move forward. Example: "There is a reward for those who can stab me in the face." The person who can stab me in the face is too arrogant. 3. The prepositional object moves backward. Example: "Why do you want to fight?" It can be changed to "how to fight". 4. Preposition phrases move forward. "Return from Yangzhou" can be changed to "Return from Yangzhou". (4) To stay is to keep. All words, proper nouns, country names, year numbers, names of people, things, positions, place names, etc. Synonymy between ancient and modern can remain unchanged in translation. Teng was demoted to Baling County as a satrap. "Four Years in Li Qing" is the year number, and "Baling County" is a place name, which can be kept directly. (5) Expansion is expansion. 1, which expands monosyllabic words in classical Chinese into synonymous disyllabic words or disyllabic words. For example, "What if there are more services and services?" Translation sentence: "What about changing officers and restoring taxes?" "Fu" and "Fu" expand into disyllabic words. 2. For some condensed complex sentences or simple sentences, when translating, we should expand the content according to the meaning of the sentence to make the meaning clear. For example, "If you are attached to the enemy, why don't you move?" Let the enemy surrender and let people from far away join us. Who won't come? (6) contraction. That is, condensed, some sentences in classical Chinese, in order to increase.
4. What should we pay attention to when translating sentences in classical Chinese? Please come from the requirements of five translators:
1, Xin: The translation should be accurate, that is, the translation should be faithful to the original, and the original should be translated truly and appropriately in modern Chinese.
2. Vivid: To make the translation fluent, it is necessary to make the translation conform to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, and to use words and sentences fluently without language defects.
3. Elegance: Beautiful and natural translation is to make the translation vivid and express the writing style of the original perfectly.
Note: Middle schools generally do not require Article 3.
Translation principles:
1, mainly literal translation: all literal translations are possible, and only those that cannot be translated literally can be translated freely.
2. Word realization (one-to-one correspondence): each word has its corresponding translation.
Translation checkpoint:
1, meaning and usage of key notional words in classical Chinese (flexible use of parts of speech);
2. The meaning and usage of key function words in classical Chinese:
3. Special sentence patterns in classical Chinese;
4. Tone and rhetoric.
Translation method:
Addition, deletion, adjustment, retention, expansion, contraction, straightness, meaning, substitution and choice
1, increased. That is, supplement, which supplements the ellipsis elements in the ellipsis sentences in classical Chinese when translating. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.
(1) 1. Add the subject, predicate, object or preposition omitted from the original text.
(2) Add related words that can make the meaning clear.
2. Delete. That is, deletion refers to all function words, auxiliary words that play a symbolic role in sentence structure and auxiliary words that fill syllables in ancient Chinese, but they are deleted in modern Chinese because there are no words to replace them.
3. adjust. That is to say, when translating inverted sentences in classical Chinese, we should adjust the inverted sentences in ancient Chinese into sentences in modern Chinese to conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese, so as to make the translated sentences smooth. This requires adjusting the word order of sentences. Generally, there are four situations:
The predicate before (1) moves backward.
(2) Postposition attributive moves forward.
(3) The prepositional object moves backward.
(4) Preposition phrases move forward.
4. Stay. That is to say, all characters, proper nouns, country names, year numbers, names of people, things, names of people, official positions, place names, etc. Synonymy between ancient and modern times can remain unchanged in translation.
5. expand. Is inflation.
(1) expands monosyllabic words in classical Chinese into synonymous disyllabic words or disyllabic words.
(2) When translating, expand the content according to the meaning of the sentence to make the meaning clear.
Step 6 shrink. It's condensation In order to enhance the momentum, some sentences in classical Chinese are deliberately practical and complicated, and the meaning should be condensed when translating. Example: "I have the heart to sweep the world, including the whole world, including the meaning of the four seas, and annex the eight wastes." Translation sentence: "(Qin) has the ambition to annex the world and unify the four seas."
7. replace. It's a substitute,
(1) Replace ancient words with modern words. Replace ancient words with synonymous or almost synonymous modern words or phrases.
(2) Replace the fixed structure in classical Chinese with modern words or structures.
The translation method is jingle:
Literal translation of classical Chinese sentences, grasping the main idea, choosing words and making sentences,
Names and places need not be translated, and the ancient meanings are replaced by modern words.
Keywords inversion component displacement, passive ellipsis translation method,
When you encounter function words, you can translate them into sentences and understand them fluently.
I hope it helps you! !
5. The most commonly used skills in classical Chinese translation are: (1) literal translation, supplemented by free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible.
(2) Translation of "six-character method": leaving, deleting, modifying, adjusting, supplementing and modifying.
The first step is to understand the general meaning of the translated sentence and find out the key words that need to be translated in the sentence. One is to clarify the meaning of the sentence, and the other is to prepare for the following keywords to choose the right meaning.
Step 2: Literal translation realizes words-leaving, deleting and changing.
(1) "stay", is to keep. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials, countries, years and units of measurement. , can remain unchanged when translating.
2 "Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. There are mainly ① the first sentence: "Fu" and "Gai". (2) Sentence: auxiliary words that play a structural role, such as "Zhi" (Xu Gong is not as beautiful as a gentleman), indicate auxiliary words that refer to the role, such as "Zhe" and "Ye", such as "Learning to be an excellent official is difficult without confusion". A conjunction that expresses the relationship between juxtaposition and inheritance, such as "one" in Give Four People a Fire. (3) At the end of the sentence: auxiliary words that complement syllables, such as "governance" in "Qing Zhi Yan Zhang Tian". In actual translation, the above function words in classical Chinese do not need to be translated, and forced translation is wrong.
3 "Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. Replace ancient words that are no longer used now with modern Chinese, such as "I" for "I" and "Er, Ru" for "You". ② Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words. In ancient Chinese, monosyllabic words are the main words, while in modern Chinese, disyllabic words are the main words. Therefore, monosyllabic words in ancient Chinese should be changed into disyllabic words in translation.
The third step, free translation is to follow the word order-tone, complement and change.
(1) "Tone" means adjusting sentence patterns. There are mainly two kinds of sentence patterns that need to be adjusted, one is special sentence pattern, and the other is fixed sentence pattern. The special sentence patterns that need to be adjusted mainly refer to inverted sentences (including judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, etc. When translating, the inverted sentences in ancient Chinese should be adjusted to modern Chinese sentences. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits. There are also some fixed sentence patterns in ancient Chinese, such as "Not yet … Hu", "Nothing is … Hu", "Same … Same ……" and so on. When translating, these special sentence patterns should be expressed in modern Chinese.
2 "Supplement" refers to supplement. (1) Make up the omitted components in the ellipsis sentence, which requires us to know something about the ellipsis sentence in ancient Chinese and judge which components are omitted in a sentence before making up; (2) Make up the omitted sentences.
3 "Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, translate it into related words.
6. How to accurately translate classical Chinese sentences Classical Chinese translation should achieve the three words of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance". "Faithfulness" means that the translation should be accurate, that is, the translation should be faithful to the original, and the original should be translated truly and properly by using modern Chinese. "Da" means that the translation should be fluent, that is, it should conform to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, and the words and sentences should be fluent without language defects. "Elegance" means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, that is, it should be vivid and vivid, and it should perfectly express the writing style of the original text.
Principles of classical Chinese translation
In the process of translating classical Chinese, we must follow the principle of "every word has its place, combining literal translation with free translation, and giving priority to literal translation". This requires us to translate every word in a sentence in a specific way. As long as it has a certain real meaning, we must implement it word by word and occupy the corresponding seat. When translating, we should directly change the classical Chinese into the corresponding modern Chinese according to the meaning and word order of the original text, so that words are inseparable from words and sentences. If the meaning is not smooth after literal translation, free translation should be used as an auxiliary means to make the meaning of the sentence as perfect as possible.
Translation methods of classical Chinese
Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve the reading ability of classical Chinese and students' written expression ability.
Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement. Try to keep the language style of the original text. For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start. When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down temporarily and weigh them after you finish translating the context. After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs.
The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough.
The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation.
Second, the specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing.
"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can remain unchanged when translated.
"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai. "This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated.
"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.
"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You".
"Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.
"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid. If "the waves are calm", it can be vividly described as "the lake is calm".
Classical Chinese Translation of Quartet
In the past two years, the college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translating classical Chinese. This increases the difficulty of answering questions, and the problems are all in the classroom, as if there is no trace to be found and there is no way to start. In fact, you can still pay attention to a little skill and play a wonderful "Classical Chinese Translation Quartet" from the following four aspects:
1. Translation should pay attention to supplementing omitted sentence elements. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object. When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable.
2. Translation should pay attention to adjusting word order. Variant sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, preposition postposition and preposition object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be easy, otherwise translation will be easily disrupted, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."
3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use. It mainly includes the causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, the conative usage of adjectives and nouns, and nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.
4. Translation should focus on keywords, context and breakthrough. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand and comprehend it.
To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard at ordinary times, pay attention to the above four points, master it flexibly.
7. What should we pay attention to when learning classical Chinese? Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching. Classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of the college entrance examination. Students often ask, how can we learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination.
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.