As early as 2 billion years ago, the Himalayas covered the sea of Wang Yang. Until the end of Neogene, the crustal movement led to the continuous decline of the terrain, and marine sedimentary rocks with a thickness of 30,000 meters were accumulated in the basin.
Later, at the end of Eogene, there was a strong orogenic movement in the earth's crust, which was called "Himalayan Movement" in geology, which gradually uplifted this area and formed the most magnificent mountain range in the world.
The most typical features of the Himalayas are towering heights, steep and uneven peaks on one side, amazing valleys and alpine glaciers, eroded and deeply cut terrain, unfathomable river canyons, complex geological structures, and a series of altitude zones (or zones) showing different ecological links between animals and plants and climate.
Seen from the south, the Himalayas are like a huge crescent moon, with its main optical axis above the snow line. Snow fields, alpine glaciers and avalanches all provide water for low-valley glaciers, and these glaciers have thus become the source of most Himalayan rivers.
However, most of the Himalayas are below the snow line. The orogeny that created this mountain range is still active, accompanied by water erosion and large-scale landslides.
The Himalayas can be divided into four parallel and longitudinal mountain belts with different widths, each with distinct topographic features and its own geological history. They are named peripheral mountains or sub-Himalayas from south to north; Small or low Himalayas; Large or high Himalayas; And the Tethys or Himalayas in Tibet.
The Himalayas were formed by the collision between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. The Indian plate is still moving northward at a rate of more than 5 cm per year, and the Himalayas are still rising. At the same time, it is still in the collision seismic tectonic zone at the plate boundary, and earthquakes exceeding magnitude 7 and 8 are more common.
The Himalayas include Mount Qomolangma, Mount Xishabang, Mount Zhuoyou and other famous peaks. There are many peaks above 6000 meters above sea level, among which there are as many as 1 10 peaks above 7000 meters. The terrain on both sides of the Himalayas is asymmetrical.
There is an open plateau and several wide valley basins on the north side, most of which are between 4500 and 5200 meters above sea level, and the terrain is inclined to the north and east. The terrain on the south side drops sharply to below 3500-3000 meters above sea level, showing a magnificent mountain and deep valley landform.