Shakespeare is a representative figure of English sonnets. His poems break the routine of the original poetic style and have a unique style, which is called "Shakespeare style". Sonnets, known as "love bible", mainly recite lingering love and occupy an important position in Shakespeare's works. Like his plays, it is eternal love in the treasure house of world literature. Here, the magic of love is fermented in the poet's magnificent imagination. He is happy, sad, jealous, cheerful, thoughtful and disappointed. The poet's feelings are condensed in singing, chanting and attacking a series of things. By praising friendship and love, the poet put forward the highest principle of life he advocated: truth, goodness and beauty, and the combination of the three. And declare to the world that he will always praise truth, goodness and beauty, and always praise the combination of the three!
Shakespeare's Sonnets is a book published by China Foreign Translation Publishing Company in 2008. This book is mainly divided into two parts. The first part is a story written by the author to his good friend, a young aristocrat. The second part is a story dedicated by the author to a black lady, which mainly describes love. This book was written between 1590 and 1598. His poetic structure skills and language skills are very high, and almost every poem has an independent aesthetic value.
This collection of poems is divided into two parts. The first part is the126th poem dedicated to a young aristocrat. The poet's poems enthusiastically praised the beauty of this friend and their friendship. The second song is 127, which is dedicated to a "dark lady" and describes love.
Sonnet is a kind of lyric short poem originated from Italian folk, which prevailed in Europe in the early Renaissance. Its structure is very rigorous, and it is divided into two parts: the upper part has eight lines and the lower part has six lines, each with eleven syllables. The rhyme arrangement is ABBA ABBA, CDCDDED. Shakespeare's sonnets are more rigorous in structure. He divided the sonnets into two parts. The first part is three four lines, and the second part is two lines, each with ten syllables. The rhymes are ABAB, CDCD, EFEF and GG. This form was later called "Shakespeare" or "Elizabethan". For a poet, the more rigorous the structure of a poem, the more difficult it is to express feelings, while Shakespeare's sonnets are unrestrained and free. Just as his plays are unconstrained, his poetic language is imaginative and full of emotion.
1609, Shakespeare published Sonnets, which is his last non-dramatic work. Scholars can't confirm the completion time of each of 154 sonnets, but there is evidence that Shakespeare wrote these sonnets for a private reader throughout his creative career. Earlier, two unauthorized sonnets appeared in "Enthusiastic Pilgrim" published by 1599. Francis Mills, an English writer, once mentioned "the sweet sonnets circulated among close friends" in 1598. A few analysts believe that the published works are based on Shakespeare's intentional arrangement.
It seems that he has planned two opposite series: one is about a dark-skinned married woman's uncontrollable desire; The other is about the pure love of a white youth. It is not clear whether these characters represent real people or the "I" in the poems represents Shakespeare himself, although william wordsworth, a British poet, thinks that "Shakespeare opened his heart" in these sonnets. The version of 1609 is dedicated to a "Mr. W.H.", and the dedication calls him the "only begetter" of these poems. Whether this dedication was written by Shakespeare himself or added by the publisher Thomas Thorpe remains a mystery. Thorpe's initials appear at the end of the dedication page. Despite a lot of academic research, it is still unknown who Mr. W. H. is, or even whether Shakespeare authorized the publication of this book. Critics praised sonnets for profoundly reflecting the essence of love, sex, reproduction, death and time.
Sonnets. 1 16 is the best of Shakespeare's sonnets and is known as one of the "most dazzling pearls in the treasure house of English poetry". But if an eagle-eyed reader reads it carefully, he will find the last line of this poem puzzling, even puzzling, and I don't know why. The whole poem is as follows:
I will never admit the union of two hearts.
There will be any obstacles; Love is not love,
If you turn the rudder as soon as you see someone change,
Or see others turn around and leave.
Oh, never! Love is the eternal tower lamp,
It watched the storm intently, but was indifferent;
Love is another star, guiding the lost boat.
You can measure how high it is, but its value is infinite.
Love is not affected by time, even if it is beautiful.
And white teeth are bound to suffer from the hand of time;
Love doesn't change with the moment,
It stands tall until the end.
If my words are wrong and prove to be incorrect,
Even if I don't write poetry, no one loves me.
Let me not have a sincere marriage
Admitimpediments。 Love is not love.
When it finds a change,
Or in combination with a remover to remove:
O no; This is a symbol that will never change.
It looks at the storm and never wavers;
It is the star of every stray dog,
Whose value is unknown, although his height.
Love is not a fool of time, although rosy lips and cheeks
In the compass of his crooked sickle;
Love will not change because of a short time,
But even on the verge of destruction, stick to it.
If this is a mistake and I am proved,
No one has ever written it and no one has ever loved it. )
In this poem, the poet contrasts two kinds of love. One kind of love is "if you turn the rudder as soon as you see others change, or leave as soon as you see others turn." The poet refutes this kind of love: "O no"; Then the poet gives his own understanding and understanding of love, or definition:
"Love is an eternal tower lamp. ...
Love is another star that guides the lost boat. ...
It stands tall until the end. "
The last two lines at the end:
"If I say something wrong and it turns out to be incorrect,
Even if I don't write poetry, no one loves me. "
The problem lies in this last line:
The poet gave his own understanding of love in his poems. If he is wrong, he takes back his words ("even if I didn't write a poem"), which is understandable; It is puzzling: how can he say that others have not loved? Or has the world never loved (the word "person" in the poem can also be interpreted as "person" and "world")? His own mistakes can only show that he has never loved. What does it have to do with whether others have loved him? How can a poet cover the whole mankind with his own preference here?
This is puzzling: the arts and sciences are unreasonable, or there is something wrong with logic.
I have never written it, and no one has ever loved it.
On the surface, it is correct to translate it into "even if I don't write a poem, no one loves me". The "nor" in the sentence is "and", which is archaic and used with negative words; But this is not uncommon in Shakespeare's sonnets and plays:
sonnet
5. "The beautiful effect and the beautiful lido have disappeared,/and there is neither it nor memory.
What is that? "
sonnet
134: "but you won't, and he won't be free,/because you are greedy,
He is very kind. "
Cymbeline: No exorcist will hurt you! /There is no witchcraft to charm you! "
Storm: "this is not a matter of mortals, nor is it the voice owed by the earth."
It should be said that there is no problem. What's the problem?
Looking at the existing Chinese versions of this poem, it can be said that the translation of the last line is roughly like this:
Yang Xiling translated: "(If someone proves to me that I am wrong,) then I won't write. No one in the world has ever loved me."
Cao Minglun translated: "(If someone proves that I am a heresy), then I have never written a poem and no one has ever loved it."
Gu Yi: "(If someone can prove that I have gone too far,) then even if I have never written a poem, the world has never loved it."
Liang translated: "(If I say this incorrectly, it turns out to be incorrect later), even if I didn't write a poem, no one really loves it."
Tu An translated: "(If I am really wrong, I can't believe it), even if I didn't write it, love never existed."
Ma Haidian translated: "(If these words prove to be wrong,) even though I have never written them down, no one loves me."
…………
But as we said before, such translation is neither logical nor artistic. Did Shakespeare make a mistake here ... Could it be that there is something wrong with our explanation? ...
If this is a mistake and I am proved,
I have never written it, and no one has ever loved it.
..... If the poet's words are wrong, it naturally means that he has never really loved, not that others have never loved: it should be "I have never loved anyone" rather than "no one has loved" ... Oh, I see! Why can't this poem be interpreted as: Never loved any man? Which is flip? -Absolutely!
As we know, poetry (people) has its own privilege, that is, in poetry creation, the poet deliberately deviates from or violates the conventional and traditional grammar out of the need to express emotion or the consideration of poetry rhythm. This is the so-called "poetic permission".
In fact, if you look back at the original text of this poem, you will find that it is full of "anomalies", especially inverted sentences. At the beginning is an example:
"Let me not admit that there are obstacles to the combination of mind ..."
The normal word order should be: "Let me not admit the impression of the marriage of the real soul ..."
Next: "Which alternators found it when it changed ...", preposition object, the normal word order is: "Which alternators found it when it changed"; Below: "Love"
Not a fool of time, though rosy lips and cheeks/within the range of his crooked sickle
"Lai", the second sentence is also a prepositional object, and the normal word order is: "Lai is within his sickle.
Compass "..."
Therefore, if the last sentence is inverted, it is completely normal; The subject is only omitted here-obviously the subject is "I". This should be beyond doubt, especially when it comes to the last line, which constitutes a couplet:
"If this is wrong, prove it to me,
No one has ever written it and no one has ever loved it. "
These two lines are very similar in structure: (1) both contain two coordinate clauses; (2) The second clause is inverted, and all verbs are placed at the end of the sentence; (3) The subject of the second clause is omitted.
It can be seen that the last sentence is interpreted as: I have never loved any man, which should be said to be logical.
As we all know, the end of Shakespeare's sonnets is particularly ingenious, exquisitely crafted and ingenious. This poem is evident.
Some people may ask: Why should the last sentence be reversed?
As we said before, this belongs to "poetic anomaly", which refers to rhyme. As we know, Shakespeare's sonnets have their own unique rhyming form, that is, ababccdcd efefgg, and the last two lines are interrelated to form a confrontation. In this poem, "lov'd" is placed at the end of the line in order to coordinate with the upward "prov'd" and become an antithesis. Of course, they bet not on perfect rhyme, but on eye rhyme. In fact, there is another rhyme in this poem, namely the second and fourth lines:
Admit it, love is not love ...
Or? Use the removal tool for removal.
-"Love" rhymes with "Move".
In addition, by studying Shakespeare's sonnets, we will find several similar examples here:
Sonnet 70
…………
So you are good, slander will only be in favor.
The longer the time, the greater the value;
For sin, the sweetest bud loves,
And then what? You present a pure prime number. ?
…………
Here, in order to be consistent with the "approve" at the end of the first line, the prepositional object of "love" is put at the end of the sentence in the third line (the normal word order is "for can vice doth love the").
The sweetest bud "); The two also constitute the eye rhyme.
Sonnet 72
Oh, lest the world ask you to recite.
What are the advantages of me that deserve your love?
After I die, dear, please forget me completely.
for
You can't prove anything in my heart. ?
…………
Here, in order to be consistent with the "love" at the end of the second line, the fourth line is also a prepositional object, and "proof" is placed at the end of the line; Moreover, the same words "love" and "proof" also constitute the eye rhyme.
…………
To sum up, the author thinks that the last sentence of Shakespeare's sonnets 1 16 should be interpreted as "I never" in order to be fluent in arts and sciences and clear in logic.
Writ, also never loved a man "(even if I didn't write a poem, I didn't really love).
In this way, it will be straightened out.
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