Detailed explanation of four key Chinese questions in Xiaoshengchu I. Analysis of Chinese character examination questions
In order to help children review effectively and enter the examination state as soon as possible, Hao San. Com summarizes the required Chinese questions, review points and matters needing attention in answering questions for your reference.
The first is the review of Chinese characters.
First, read pronunciation correctly. Mainly distinguish the pronunciation of homophones, polyphones and near sounds clearly to prevent confusion. Especially polyphonic words, the pronunciation should be determined according to the specific language environment and different meanings. There are many polyphonic words in textbooks, so children should pay attention to accumulation and know what sounds to read under what circumstances. Some Chinese characters have the same pronunciation and are called homophones. Although homophones are homophones, they are basically different in shape and meaning, so students should pay attention to distinguish them.
Second, identify fonts. The strokes of Chinese characters are complicated, so it is necessary to know the shape of Chinese characters, master the rules of strokes, stroke order, radicals and frame structure of Chinese characters, and pay attention to distinguishing similar characters to ensure correct writing.
Third, understand the meaning of words. Different Chinese characters express different meanings, many words are polysemous, and the same word has different meanings in different language environments. The common questions in the exam are: (1) Read and choose the correct meaning for the words added in the sentence; (2) Grouping words according to their different meanings.
Second, the analysis of sentence questions
"According to the function of sentences, they can be divided into four types: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences; According to the structure of the sentence, it can be divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. " Teacher Zhao requires that students should know the difference between complete sentences in single sentences; In complex sentences, we should know the relationship between the two sentences and what appropriate related words should be used.
Frequently asked questions about sentence patterns are as follows:
(1) switch sentence patterns. The sentence patterns that usually need to be transformed are: "Ba" sentence and "Bei" sentence; Affirmative and negative sentences; Direct narration and indirect narration; Statements and rhetorical questions. Practice before the exam, first, you must see the requirements clearly and make clear what you want to change; Second, we should pay attention to the fact that the converted sentence pattern cannot change the meaning of the sentence; Third, we must master certain methods. For example, when changing rhetorical questions, you can use some common words to emphasize the tone, such as "you don't want" and "how can you?"
(2) Expansion and contraction. The basic methods of sentence expansion are: first, find out the main vocabulary of the sentence; Secondly, add appropriate modifiers before the subject, and one or more modifiers can be added as long as it is appropriate; Thirdly, read the extended sentence to see if it is fluent and more specific and substantial than the original sentence. The basic methods of simple sentences are as follows: 1. Divide sentences into two parts: who, what or what and how; Secondly, find out the main vocabulary of each part; Third, remove the modifiers and connect the subject into a complete sentence. When expanding and contracting sentences, we must be careful not to change the meaning of the original sentence.
(3) modify the sick sentence. First of all, we must find out the reasons for sentencing, and then prescribe the right medicine. Common sentence problems mainly include: incomplete sentence, lack of components (such as lack of subject, or lack of predicate, or lack of object) → adding missing components; Improper collocation (for example, some words in a sentence can't match each other in meaning or don't conform to language habits) → change to proper collocation; Word order confusion → adjust word order; Inconsistency → Change or Delete.
(4) Rhetoric of sentences. Common rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, rhetorical questions and so on. Each figure of speech has its own characteristics. It should be pointed out that:
First, distinguish between figurative sentences and anthropomorphic sentences. Metaphor is metaphor, and there are two things, usually figurative words (of course, there are words like "like" and "like" in some sentences, but they are not figurative sentences); Personification means writing things into adults, which requires people's movements, expressions and language. For example, "the bird is singing" is an anthropomorphic sentence, while "the bird is like a singer" is a figurative sentence.
Second, exaggerated sentences are both exaggerated and narrowed. Paying attention to real life and being objective will make people feel natural and reasonable.
Three, compound sentence should have three or more phrases or sentences, the meaning is related, the structure is the same or similar, and the number of words is roughly the same.
Fourth, we should pay attention to the difference between rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions. Both rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions have the characteristics of knowing perfectly well past asking, but rhetorical questions ask themselves and answer themselves, and the answer lies outside the question; A rhetorical question is asking without answering, and the answer lies in the question.
Third, the analysis of reading questions
Reading is a key content for children to master. It tests children's Chinese reading ability by answering questions to see if they can read an article by themselves. Do reading exercises, pay attention to:
First of all, carefully examine the topic, understand the meaning of the topic, and master the requirements of the topic.
Secondly, with questions, read the article carefully, think carefully and organize answers.
Finally, after the answer is written, you should read and check it repeatedly to see whether the answer is relevant, whether the content is complete, whether the sentence is fluent and whether the punctuation is correct.
What are the common questions in junior high school Chinese exam? First, read the text silently and fill in the blanks according to the content of the text. In filling in the blanks according to the content of the text, some exams will find out the understanding of the author of the text, the understanding of key sentences, the writing method of the text, the main content, the expressed thoughts and feelings, etc.
Second, understand the content, emotion and expression of the article. Read a strange article carefully. On the basis of understanding the main content of each paragraph, first understand what the whole article says, and then grasp some key sentences to understand the author's feelings, problems or writing methods. The answers to some questions can be found directly from the article, or can be summarized and described coherently by grasping the relevant content; And some need to summarize their thinking results in language on the basis of understanding and according to the requirements of the topic.
Third, the issue of autonomy and individuality. For example, write a question that interests you, copy down your favorite sentences and explain the reasons. For this kind of problem, you should really feel something before writing it down.
Fourth, composition test analysis
Whether it is propositional composition, semi-propositional composition, free composition, etc. , is nothing more than writing people, writing notes, writing activities, writing scenery. To write a good composition, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:
First, examine the meaning of the problem. Including the object of trial, the scope of trial, and the focus of trial (grasping the key words of the topic, that is, the topic). Second, define the center. One is that the topic itself defines the center of the article, and the other is that it only defines the scope of writing, but what to write and what to determine the center depends on the students. Third, choose materials. The materials should reflect the center of the article and be typical and representative. Fourth, organize materials. Before writing an article, you should make an outline, and make it clear in what order, which are details and which are abbreviations. Finally, seriously modify it. After writing an article, you must read it carefully several times, and check and correct it while reading. Revising the article includes correcting typos, sentences, punctuation, clear organization, and whether the key parts are specific.
Summary of knowledge points of compulsory Chinese examination in junior middle school I. Words describing learning
There is no end to learning, and you never tire of it.
Forget about eating and sleeping, race against time.
Not to be outdone, go all out
Real talent and practical learning are tireless.
Strive for the upper reaches and learn tirelessly.
Stupid birds fly over thorns first.
Learn without skill, smell the chicken dancing.
Diligence, curiosity and self-reliance.
Seize the day and strive for self-improvement.
Second, the words that describe the characters' demeanor.
In high spirits, dancing
Hold your head high, panic.
Carelessness and depression
Listless, bright.
Pull a long face, be frightened to disgrace
Three. Poems describing the Spring Festival
The roar of firecrackers, the old year has passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine.
The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.
("Yuan Ri" Northern Song Dynasty Wang Anshi)
Fourth, write landscape poems.
Clouds poured out and poured down like ink, but a mountain range was exposed on the horizon, bright and fresh, and the splashing water was like white pearl gravel, splashing on the boat.
Suddenly, the wind rolled up and dispersed the clouds in the sky. The lake was blue as a mirror, beautiful and gentle.
("Drunk Book Looking at the Lake Building on June 27th" Su Shi in Northern Song Dynasty)
Verbs (short for verb) describe summer idioms and idioms:
The hot sun is like fire, and the sun is like fire.
Under the scorching sun, the wind is blowing, the sun is blowing, and the umbrella is high. In June, the black cow spreads gold and the melon sinks.
Summer is very hot, trees are shaded, chairs are very hot, and the heat is unbearable.
The sun is burning, the sun is like fire, the sun is like fire, and the fire is burning.
Sea, sky, clouds, steaming, summer is great, xia yang is hot, summer mountain is blue, Xia Shu is green, summer water, soup, dried plums and melons.
Steaming, steaming, bright, golden, flowing, flowing, flowing, flowing, flowing, flowing, flowing, flowing.
When the sky is red, it is hot, and the summer heat makes people sweat.
Sweat, sweat, sweat, sweat
Sweat like rain, sweat like pulp, sweat like a note, the fields are cracked, the grassland is barren, the grains are not harvested, and the seedlings are withered.
The seedlings are dry and sweaty, and they sweat thousands of miles naked. Drought is the abuse of wild seedlings.
Literary knowledge of intransitive verbs-a brief introduction to the author
1. The earliest dictionary in China is called Shuo Wen Jie Zi, written by Xu Shen. It was the first dictionary classified by radicals, and this classification method has continued to this day.
2. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor ordered the compilation of the largest series of books in China, including more than 3,000 important works before18th century. * * * 2.3 million pages of books, together, more than enough to circle the equator of the earth. Sorry, this series is called Four Ku Boxing.
3. China's first collection of poems is The Book of Songs * * * 305, also called Poems 300.
4. The representative work of Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period, is Li Sao.
5. There are many ancient myths in China, among which Shan Hai Jing is the most.
6. During the Western Han Dynasty, Historical Records written by Sima Qian was called by Mr. Lu Xun as "a masterpiece of historians, and Li Sao has no rhyme".
7. Song Ci is mainly divided into two schools, one is bold and the other is graceful and restrained. Su Shi and Xin Qiji are representatives of the bold school, while Li Qingzhao is the representative of the graceful school.
8. "I wish people a long time, and thousands of miles are beautiful" is a famous sentence in the Song Dynasty poet Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Tou".
9. The most famous poetess in ancient China was Li Qingzhao.
10, the main representative of Yuan Zaju is Guan Hanqing, whose main work is Yuan.
1 1, Cao Cao's "an old horse rides high, aims at a thousand miles, and a martyr is old and brave" expresses his unremitting pursuit of ambition.
12, Tao Yuanming wrote an ideal world in Taohuayuan where people live a quiet and happy life.
13, the most representative literary genre in the Tang Dynasty is poetry. (Tang Poetry, Song Poetry, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing Novels)
14, Li Bai was called "fallen immortal" and "poetic immortal" in the Tang Dynasty.
15, Li Bai, written in Taibai, is known as "Poet Fairy" and "Poet through the ages".
16, Du Fu's poems in Tang Dynasty are regarded as "the history of poetry". The most representative ones are "three officials" (Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan official and Tongguan official) and "three farewell" (newly married, homeless and resigned). Deeply wrote the sufferings of the people in troubled times and the loneliness of floating experience.
17. Du Fu's poem "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night" is very famous: "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently. "
18. Mao Zedong's representative works "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" and "Long March".
19. March of the Volunteers, the national anthem, was composed by Tian Han and Nie Er.
20. The word "bosom friend" comes from the story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi during the Warring States Period.
2 1. "Four Books" refer to: University, Doctrine of the Mean, Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
22. "Five Classics" refers to: poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, change, Spring and Autumn Period (poetry and book change in Spring and Autumn Period).
23. Examples of good words in ancient poems and famous sentences:
The word "green" in Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan
The Word "Noisy" in Song Qi's Red Apricot Branches in Spring
Jia Dao "Birds inhabit the trees by the pool, and monks knock on the door." The word "knock" in Chinese is to examine the source of allusions.
In this kind of exam, we often take one: talk about which word or word in a sentence is used well and why.
24. Tao Yuanming, whose real name is Qian, is well-known and respectful. He calls himself Mr. Wuliu, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the first pastoral poet in China.
25. Wang Bo, Zi Zi 'an, one of the four outstanding writers in the early Tang Dynasty, wrote a book in Shu (five laws) with the lyric poem "Farewell to Du DuDu"; The famous article "Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion". The author of Wang Zian's works.
26. Yang Jiong, the first of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, was known as "joining the army".
27. Lu, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, was represented by Gu Yi Chang 'an.
28. Luo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, is represented by Political Prisoners Listening to Cicada, and there is another famous book, Qiu Wubang, whose anthology is Linhai Collection.
29. He, the word Zhen Zhen, claimed to be a fanatic of Siming, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The book "Back to Hometown" (The Four Wonders) is a masterpiece.
30. Wang Zhihuan, Ji Ling, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. His "Liangzhou Ci" and "Dengque Lou" are the treasures of the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty.
7. Common sense of literature-ancient poetry
1. In Tang poetry: Li Bai, poet Du Fu, poet Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, He, poet Meng Jiao and Jia Dao, poet Liu Yuxi.
Tang poetry has different styles. Li Bai is a representative of romantic poets. Du Fu is a representative of realistic poets. Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are the representatives of landscape pastoral poets. Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen Can are representatives of frontier poets, while Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen are representatives of the New Yuefu Movement (that is, the pursuit of easy-to-understand language).
2. Song Ci is generally divided into "bold school" and "graceful school". The representative poets of the "bold school" are Su Shi and Xin Qiji. The representative poets of "graceful and restrained school" are Li Qingzhao and Liu Yong.
At that time, it was said that Liu Lang (Liu Yong) only married 178 girls, held up a red tooth plate and sang "Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue". The bachelor (Su Dongpo) had to sing "The River of No Return" with bronze pipa and iron plate.
3. Scholar Wang Guowei's "Words on Earth" said that "every generation has its own literature. The Sao of Chu, the Fu of Han, the parallel prose of six generations, the poems of Tang, the poems of Song and the songs of Yuan are all' literature of one generation', which cannot be imitated by future generations. "
Wang Guowei believes that the highest achievements of literature in a specific period are: Chu Ci, Han Fu, Parallel Prose in the Six Dynasties, Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu. (Supplement: Ming and Qing novels. Among them, Tang poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu are also world-renowned.
Representative works of Han Fu: Ban Gu's Fu on Two Capitals and Cao Zhi's Fu on Luoshen.
Parallel prose, also known as prose, flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Masterpieces: Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting.
4. Qing Pu Songling's Self-encouragement "Where there is a will, there is a way. If you cross the rubicon, 120 Qin Guan will eventually return to Chu; Hard-working people, the sky pays off, go forward bravely, and 3,000 Yue families can swallow Wu. " There are two allusions: Xiang Yu burned his bridges and Gou Jian did his best. Pu Songling's masterpiece Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
5. Sage Confucius (sage), sage Mencius, sage Wang Xizhijin, painting sage Wu Daozi Tang, ci sage Su Shi, Wen Sheng Ouyang Xiu, Lu Yu Tang, medical sage Li Shizhen Ming, medical sage Zhang Zhongjing, grass sage Zhang Xutang of the Eastern Han Dynasty, medicine king Sun Simiao Tang, pastoral poet Tao Yuanming Jin, etc.
6. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. Editor of Confucius. * * * received 305 poems, which were called "three hundred poems" in ancient times. It consists of three parts: wind, elegance and praise. It is the beginning of China's realistic literature.