Due to the appearance of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao has always existed as a traitor and was cursed by people of all ages. This is due to China's orthodoxy, or Cao Cao fought a peasant uprising. 1959 On March 23rd, People's Daily published Guo Moruo's article Restating Cao Cao's Conviction, which gave Cao Cao a sense of history. There is such a passage in the article: "He was born 17,800 years ago. According to historical records, he can not believe in the destiny of ghosts and gods, destroy the altar of evil gods, get rid of superstition, forbid heavy burial, forbid personal vendetta, avoid powerful people, dare to publicly order him to choose, and be called a person who is' heartless and unfilial and has the skill of governing the country and using troops'. " Guo Moruo's article expounds Cao Cao's historical contribution from many aspects. What Cao Cao has done is a model in history, and some of his practices are probably unsustainable today.
Cao Cao's poems are all about his personal life. What kind of era does he live in? At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor was fatuous, the traitor was in power, political corruption, cannibalism and national depression. Cao Cao was born in the small landlord class and belonged to the bottom of the ruling class. At the age of 20, he was awarded the exam and served as a captain in the north of Luoyang. He is a local official who maintains social order. Luoyang royal family and powerful family are rampant in the village, doing evil and difficult to govern. Cao Cao severely rectified the social order, specially made five-color sticks and hung them in Fu Weifu's office. Anyone who has a ban will be clubbed to death, and the strongmen will follow suit. After the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising, he became the prime minister of Jinan. He punishes evil and promotes good, rules powerful people and cracks down on corrupt officials. Some corrupt officials and powerful families saw Cao Cao's bravery and fled to other counties. When Dong Zhuo was in power, he was appointed as a captain of Xiaoqi. He left without saying anything, recruited volunteers in his hometown and joined the army of crusade against Dong Zhuo led by Yuan Shao. Later, he was appointed as the secretariat of Zhou Dynasty, accepting 300,000 people from the Yellow Scarf Army and selecting its elite organization "Qingzhou Army", which swept the world. In A.D. 196, Emperor Xian of Han moved the capital to Xuchang, rebuilt an, and made its capital Xuchang. Cao Cao "held the emperor to make the princes" and took power in the dynasty. He built water conservancy and reclaimed land, and the economy recovered and developed. He also reused a large number of talents, successively defeated Yuan Shu, captured and killed Lu Bu, captured and surrendered Zhang Liao, and defeated Zhang Xiu, defeating Yuan Shao with fewer, thus unifying the north. Due to geographical environment and other reasons, Liu Bei occupied West Shu and Sun Quan occupied Jiangdong. Later, Sun and Liu joined forces, which seriously hindered the pace of Cao Cao's unification of the world. Although he went south many times, he failed for various reasons, and the desire to unify the whole country became a bubble. It was 50 years after his death that the country was unified. The special life experience left a special historical chapter for future generations.
Cao Cao loved literature all his life. With his political advantages, he has made many world-famous scholars. At that time, most of the famous seven sons of Jian 'an were subordinates of Cao Cao. At that time, there was a talented woman in the poetry circle, Cai Wenji, the daughter of writer Cai Yong. She was captured by the Hu people in the war and exiled to the Xiongnu in the north. Cao Cao welcomed her back and asked her to sort out her father's works, which promoted the development of father-son relationship. Influenced by Cao Cao, some literati in Jian 'an period had a warm heart and wanted to do something. These literati all have extraordinary life experiences, such as social unrest, people's suffering and national peril, which further stimulated their creative enthusiasm. Many of their poems are ambitious and want to make contributions, thus opening up a new era of literature.
Cao Cao's creative enthusiasm is very high, which has created a new atmosphere of literature. His works are rich in content, depicting the historical situation at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, expressing his political ideals and his feelings for his homeland, villagers and rivers and mountains. Cao wrote elegies about current affairs, and his poems criticizing social politics were called Memoirs of the Late Han Dynasty. Let's watch a song "Autumn Louhang":
But against the 20th century, you are not sincere. Give a monkey a bath and wear a crown. Hesitant, afraid to break through, because the inaugural king. Bai Hong is also the first to bear the brunt of Japan's infiltration. Thieves and ministers hold the national handle to kill the Lord and destroy Yujing. Swing through the emperor's inheritance, the ancestral temple was burned. Spread all over the west and cry. Looking at Belo City, I am very sad.
This poem is about how He Jin called Dong Zhuo, which brought disaster to the country and people. Dong Zhuo is from Lintao, Shanxi. He came from a powerful landlord family, made friends with Qiang people and dominated one side. In order to suppress the peasant uprising and the resistance of ethnic minorities, the Eastern Han government appointed Dong Zhuo to patrol the frontier fortress and maintain local public order. Dong Zhuo keeps accumulating strength and waiting for opportunities to develop. At that time, the Qiang people constantly launched an uprising, and the Eastern Han government appointed Dong Zhuo as Sima of Xiliang Army to conquer the rebellious Qiang people. Dong Zhuo was constantly promoted by the imperial court for his meritorious service in guarding the border. At that time, the emperor was young, and Dong Zhuo was secretly recruited by Blade in order to crowd out eunuchs. Before Dong Zhuo went to Beijing, He Jin was killed by eunuch Zhang Rang. At this time, Yuan Shu invaded Luoyang, set fire to the Nangong, and pursued Zhang Rang and others. Zhang Rang and Zhong Chang Shi Duan returned to panic, holding young emperor Liu Bian and Liu Chen Wang Liuxie hostage and fleeing in the middle of the night, which was met by Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo took control of the Eastern Han regime. Abolish the young emperor and establish Liu Xie. This is Xian Di. Soon, Dong Zhuo killed Shaodi, poisoned He Taihou, and became the prime minister with growing ambition.
Dong Zhuo is cruel. When he entered Luoyang, he killed and set fire to it, which made Luoyang restless. When Dong Zhuo moved his capital to Chang 'an, he set fire to Luoyang to prevent officials and residents from returning. Palaces, ancestral temples and residential areas are in flames, and the bustling Luoyang city is in ruins, which is distressing. In this context, he wrote a trip to the autumn deer, denouncing Dong Zhuo's vicious perversity.
From the above description, we can clearly see that the Eastern Han regime under the control of Dong Zhuo was in darkness and the people lived in blood shed. Every poem in Autumn Dew Trip contains a historical fact. For example, "Hesitance does not dare to break, because the king is captured." It's about Zhang Rang and Duan Gui kidnapping Shaodi at the Yellow River ferry and Chen Liuwang Liu Xie fleeing to Xiaopingjin. "Bai Hong has been in Japan for a long time, and it is also bitter first and then sweet." It's about the murder of Shaodi and Blade. "Thieves and ministers hold the national handle and kill the Lord to destroy Yujing." Dong Zhuo killed He Taihou and took care of Qiu. "Swing the emperor's inheritance, ancestral temple was burned. Spread westward and cry. " Dong Zhuo forced Xian Di to move to Chang 'an, the people moved westward, and Luoyang Temple was burned down. We read this poem by Cao Cao, just like reading the history of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Reading Cao Cao's poems is like looking at a painting, and the living facts are in front of you. Dong Zhuo was in power in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was heavily in debt. The counties in Guandong pushed Yuan Shao as the leader and joined forces to attack Dong Zhuo. Because all factions are afraid of Dong Zhuo and want to preserve their strength, they are all watching. Although Cao Cao chased Dong Zhuo for some time, he was defeated because he was weak and helpless. Many years of warlord war began between the allied forces, and the whole Central Plains region fell into war. Hao describes the situation of warlord scuffle at that time:
The soldiers of the Kwantung Army rose up against the cruel people. On the first day of the first date, General Ding Meng went to attack Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an. Dong Zhuo's army came together, each with its own plans, looked at each other and refused to stand out. Power makes people fight, and heirs are self-defeating. Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and the emperor Yuan Shaomou carved the emperor in the north. A gives birth to the wind, and the people die. The bones were bare in the field, and there was no one among them, and there was no crowing. There are more than one hundred people, and it hurts to see it.
Hao vividly reflected the people's suffering in turbulent times. "Righteous people in Kanto fight for the group." "Righteous men" refers to the generals who crusaded against Dong Zhuo, and "group fierce" refers to Dong Zhuo and other chaotic ministers in the DPRK. "In the early days, I joined the Tianjin Alliance, but my heart was in Xianyang." Cao Cao wrote two historical allusions. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Shang Zhouwang had no choice, so Zhou Wuwang became a vassal in Jin Meng and made a joint crusade. Another story is that when Liu Bang and Xiang attacked the State of Qin, they agreed that whoever laid Xianyang first would be the king. "The joint forces of the army are uneven, Goose Qi Fei." Instead, the generals of all walks of life had ulterior motives and could not be unified. They looked at each other and lost the opportunity to attack Dong Zhuo. "Power makes people fight, and heirs are also self-defeating." It seems that the purpose of these generals is not to help the Han family, but to preserve their strength in order to occupy the territory and fight for power and profit. After the allies dispersed, they began to kill each other and the world was in chaos. "The title of Huainan Brothers is engraved in the north." The former sentence refers to Yuan Shu, and the latter sentence refers to Yuan Shao. At that time, they were both very powerful, one in the south and the other in the north, and both wanted to be emperors. From "the armor gives birth to the wind" to "the thought breaks people's intestines", all these are disasters brought to the people by the warlord's melee, which fully expresses the poet's angry and sad mood. Hao told a series of historical stories and described the people's disasters. Simple language and sad feelings show the unique style of Cao Cao's poems.
As a great politician, Cao Cao has his own unique views and positions on the real society in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He has his own ideals and outlook on life. He respects Han and keeps the Minister's Day. He loves the people and values ceremony, hoping for social stability, production development and people's life stability.
Let's read the poem "To Drink":
For Jiuge, it is normal for officials to call the door. The king is wise, and the prime minister is honest and kind. Salt and ceremony, the people do not dispute. Three years of ploughing has nine years of storage, and the grain is abundant. The class is white, the rain is so, and a hundred grains are used. However, it is like a dirt field. Duke Hou Bozi, male, loves the people and is quiet and cheerful. A son has a father and a brother. If you violate etiquette, you will be punished according to the severity. There is no privacy on the road. Empty, the winter festival continues. Everyone will die. Elegance extends to plants and insects.
Describe Cao Cao's ideal world to wine. Officials don't rush to the door, loyal ministers are virtuous, the people are safe, the grain is abundant, everyone is farming, the horse is not far away, the public Wang Aimin is empty, there is no crime in society, and everyone can die a natural death. It should be said that Cao Cao's ideal world is beautiful and desirable. Cao Cao fought in the Northern Expedition all his life just to realize his ideal. Now it seems that Cao Cao's feelings are also worth learning from later generations. It is a great truth that the people should secure the world. Cao Cao's thought of governing the people conforms to the law of historical development. Rulers in history regarded Cao Cao as a white face and cursed him. In fact, they are much worse than Cao Cao. Their thought of "the people despise the monarch" is incompatible with Cao Cao's thought of "valuing the people". We know Cao Cao again, and his thought of valuing the people is an important aspect. Let's take a look at Cao Cao's Du Guanshan:
Between heaven and earth, people are precious. It is the right way to set up monarch and shepherd talents. Trajectory, latitude and longitude quadrupole. I am quiet, cheerful and full of interest. Mr Yu Shuo! Presidential territory. Feudal baron, mine prison. There is a burnt Dan book, but there is no universal forgiveness. Just wait, what's the dereliction of duty? Well, later generations, the system is easy to change. Serving the people is king, and service gives it strength. The lacquer ware and utensils are next to the ten countries, not as good as them, and they are inexhaustible. The world sighs and wants to follow the customs. Abandoning evil is great, and frugality is virtue. Xu You was allowed to make concessions. Is there a lawsuit? Aishangtong, don't be sad.
The content of Duguan Mountain is that the rulers should be diligent, love the people and abide by the law. Cao Cao's usage is severe, and criminals must correct it. This is a spirit of legalism. He opposes the abuse of punishment and advocates handling affairs according to law. Cao Cao advocated frugality, and Shu Wei recorded that Cao Cao was "not gorgeous, the harem was beautifully dressed, and no royal shoes were adopted. If the curtain screen is broken, it will be made up, and the quilt will be warm. " "Thrift is * * *" is strongly advocated by the author.
Cao Cao lived a vigorous life, but he was also a man with rich feelings. I have been abroad for many years, missing my hometown and sighing about my life. Let's look at his "Walking Out of Xiamen" in "Although Your Life is Longer":
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time. The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust. The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles; The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. The third phase of surplus and contraction is not only in the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
This poem is full of enterprising and self-improvement spirit. The war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty brought about great destruction of productive forces, economic depression and numerous bones, which brought people a sad and decadent mood. This poem by Cao Cao is like a spring breeze, which blows away this sad mood. His optimism is commendable. "The old horse crouches tiger, aiming at a thousand miles; In the year of martyrs, go forward bravely. " It has become a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages, inspiring the progress of life. In difficult times, Cao is brave and positive, and dares to challenge his fate, which is a very noble sentiment in life.
Can fully express the positive feelings of cao cao and an article "short songs" one:
Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem. Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, I've thought it over. Yo yo Luming Literature, Wild Ping. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano. As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about the banquet and miss the old grace. There are few stars in the moon, and birds and magpies fly south. Around the tree, there are no branches to rely on. The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
Cao Cao's characteristic is that he cherishes talents very much. He is eager for talents and wants to unify the country. In that turbulent era, many people felt that life was impermanent and depressing, but the author could look at life positively in this sad world. Life is like morning dew, fleeting, and I haven't achieved my career yet. I was so worried that I had to drown my sorrows in wine. But the author didn't stop drinking in order to get rid of his troubles. As Zi Jin, who is in the right wind in the Book of Songs, said, a woman warmly hopes that the man she expects will come, which fully shows the author's eagerness to recruit talents from all over the world. He is eager to seek virtue, and he can't get it. He misses them day and night. On a bright moonlit night, the poet looked up at silver moon and galloped his imagination. He missed talents, old friends and relatives in his heart, and came from afar. It was pleasant for everyone to sit around and talk and laugh. The poet returned to reality from imagination. "Birds and magpies fly south", where are your talents and celebrities? The author fully expressed his thoughts: the mountain will never be too high and the sea will never be too deep; The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart. The poet hopes that all the people in the world can be used by themselves. * * * created Wang Ye, and all the people return to their hearts.
After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, he conquered Wuhuan in the north the following year, wiped out the remnants of Yuan Shao and unified and consolidated the north. He returned triumphantly, standing on Jieshi Mountain, facing the vast sea, excited and full of poetry, singing a song "Watching the Sea": Jieshi sees the sea in the East. The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean. Journey to the sun and the moon, if you go out. Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
The poet described the natural scenery he saw when he climbed Jieshi Mountain, and described the image and style of the sea. The sea is rippling and the trees on the shore island are covered with grass. Later, he wrote that the sea swallowed the sun, the moon and the stars, showing the magnificent scene of nature. Cao Cao was born in troubled times and wanted to unify the world and save the people in from the mire. Looking at the sea expressed his feelings of swallowing mountains and rivers. Historian Fan Wenlan commented on Cao Cao: "He is a hero who sets things right, so he is tragic and heroic in literature."