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First, there is a saying in the poem "Notes on Three Kingdoms Wang Weizhi Su Chuan": People learn from scholars (Dong Yu), and if they refuse to teach, the saying goes, "You must read it a hundred times first". Ancient poetry is concise, but more is to read, read carefully and recite. The ancients said, "Like a cloud, it rains repeatedly." If so, there is a golden room in the book. "A poem is like a touching piece of music, which will bring endless fun if read repeatedly: Du Fu's poem" Beautiful Sunset, Flowers in Spring, Swallows in the Mud, Yuanyang in Warm Sand "("quatrains ") fascinates people with the free life of bathing in nature in spring; A poem is like a historical scroll. Repeated reading will reproduce the epitome of society at that time: the moonlight on the battlefield by Li Bai is cold after the war. The drum on the head of the city is still shaking, and the blood of the golden knife in the box is still wet (Army), which brings people into the thrilling battlefield in ancient times; A poem is like a story that teaches people. Read it repeatedly, and you will get a subtle education: Lu You's "When you die, you know everything is empty, but you can't see the happiness of Kyushu." Julian Waghann decided to celebrate Central Plains Day in the north, and you will never forget to tell it "(Xiuzi). After reading it, you will feel patriotic and patriotic. In short, you must first learn to recite and memorize famous poems.
Second, there are many famous poems about scenery and objects in appreciation poems, which convey feelings with scenery and convey the spirit with form. Language is as profound and poetic as it is now, which can be described as "painting in poetry". After reading Li Bai's "Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days" ("Looking at Lushan Waterfall"), it is like seeing a painting hanging high in the sky. Read du fu's "yellow silk maiden is full of flowers, and ten thousand flowers are low." Even butterflies dance from time to time, and the charming warbler just crows ("Looking for Flowers in Dujiang"), just like seeing a natural scenery in spring; Reading Yang Wanli's "The Lotus Leaves are Infinitely Brilliant, and the Lotus Flowers Reflect the Shadows in Different Colors" ("Seeing Xiaomu in Jingci Temple") is like seeing a picture of the West Lake lotus pond in summer. When reading these poems, we can think about the scenery in the poems, draw pictures in the poems, feel the "charm and color" in the poems, understand the situation described by the author, and live well in the environment.
Third, Bai Juyi said in Nine Books of the Same Origin: "Poets are rooted in love." He believes that creation must take emotion as the "root", that is, rich feelings are both the driving force of creation and the content of poetry. However, the "emotion" in poetry cannot be understood in a general sense, which includes not only the joys and sorrows of individuals and communities; Moreover, it belongs to a holistic emotion-"human emotion". This "human emotion" cannot be clearly expressed in clear logical language. It seems to be a grand and incomparable emotional experience that can cover the sky and warm the earth. It is a mystery, a "great secret behind all processes and things in the world around us". Because it is "human emotion", readers can feel it. Because it "can't be expressed in clear logical language", it can only make readers feel. The incisive analysis of others is just a label, just like Tao Hongjing's poem "You can only be complacent, but you can't hold it." The reason why ancient poetry has been passed down through the ages is that its emotions have influenced readers from generation to generation. Li Bai's "Old friends leave the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks go down to Yangzhou in March". Lonely sails are far away, but the Yangtze River is flowing in the sky. "Meng Jiao's" thread in the mother's hand, clothes carefully sewn and mended for wayward children, afraid of delaying his time to go home, how much love there is in three inches of golden grass "("Wandering Son "), describes the love of a loving mother for her children and touches the heartstrings of how many children in the world repay the kindness of a loving mother's upbringing; Lu You's Three Wan Li Rivers Flowing into the Sea, Five Thousand Mountains Soaring into the Sky. The adherents shed tears and dust, looking south at Julian Waghann for another year "("Autumn Night Will Dawn Out of the Fence to Meet the Cold "), which expressed the author's love for the motherland and indignation at the imperial court, and shocked the enthusiasm of many patriots. These can be described as the deep feelings of poetry, and the feelings fluctuate with it. We should savor it carefully and then put it on.
Fourth, the poetry of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Xie, said in the "Wen Xin Diao Long Yin Xiu Pian": "The style is full of beauty, both obvious and hidden. The hermit also emphasizes the purpose outside the text. " The so-called "obscurity" is what Lu Ji said, that is, what Mei said is "endless implication". Offenders get it "("Mencius Zhang Wan "). After reading Wang Zhihuan's "Climbing a flight of stairs broadens the horizon by 300 Li" (at the Heron Villa), we must find a profound truth: only by standing high can we see far; After reading Su Shi's "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but only in this mountain" ("Topic Xilin Wall"), we must understand the idea of looking at the problem comprehensively; After reading Li Shangyin's "to see the sun, for all his glory, Buried by the Coming Night" ("Le Garden Scenic Area"), we must understand the truth that everything in the world is prosperous and will decline; After reading Wang Changling's "Friends and relatives in Luoyang are like asking each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot" ("Parting with Xin Jian at Furong Inn"), we should make use of the situation and learn from the poet's noble qualities. In a word, when reading these poems with implicit artistic conception and profound philosophy, we should savor them carefully, "grasp the implication", "seek meaning from words" and "go against the will with meaning" to fully explore the truth contained in the poems.
Fifth, the use of China's ancient poem "refining words and casting sentences" is very particular. We can see from "two sentences take three years, one yin and two tears" and "a hundred words are refined into words, and a thousand sentences are refined into sentences" To learn poetry, we must learn to use poetry in language, so as to organically combine understanding and using language. First, we should learn to use poetry in specific situations. If we are not good at it at ordinary times, if someone doesn't care about food and eats half a bowl of rice, he will throw away the rest. At this time, you can use a poem: "Who knows that every grain is hard?" Second, you should learn to use poetry in a specific context. If you encounter a problem in your homework, you can't understand it after racking your brains. So-and-so students come and give you a hand. At this time, you can be suddenly enlightened. I found spring in the river, and the duck told me that spring was coming, which sublimated the center of this exercise.
Writing poems with intransitive verbs means that Bai Juyi once said, "Articles are written in time, and songs and poems are written for things." According to Bai Juyi, every poem should have something real. When learning ancient poetry, you can practice writing exercises with the same theme, similar content, similar genre and similar person. , different from poetry. On the basis of understanding the theme of poetry and mastering the material of poetry, you should learn to rewrite poetry and write clearly what happened. Interpret poetry in a brand-new style. Read Li Bai's "I didn't know the moon when I was a child, so I called it Bai Yupan." I became suspicious of Yaotai Beijing and flew at the end of Qingyun Mountain (Gulangyue Trip). I can imagine the author watching the moon and writing a story when he was a child. Read Liu Yuxi's "moonlight on the lake, there is no wind mirror on the pool." Looking at Dongting, the mountains and rivers are green. " "Autumn Moon", "Tanmian" and "Dongting Landscape" expand the imagination and write a lyric prose by taking advantage of the scenery. By practicing rewriting, we can deepen our understanding of the text, explore ways to rewrite the text, and constantly improve our writing ability.
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Seven, "terseness" and "richness" in blank poems are a remarkable feature of ancient poems. It is impossible to describe things with too much pen and ink like an article. Some details are summarized in one word, and some are even omitted. The content of the poem is very jumping, which can be described as "looking at the present and the past in an instant, and caressing the world in an instant" (Jin's "Wen Fu"). Therefore, reading Li Shen's "Weeding at noon, Sweating on the Soil" ("Pity for Agriculture") can make up for the labor scene of "planting in spring and harvesting in autumn", feel the pain of "plowing in the daytime and harvesting hemp at night" and the bitterness of "planting fruits in the garden only tastes bitter", and enhance the understanding of "who knows that every meal is hard".
Eight, imitation of poetry, as the saying goes: familiar with 300 Tang poems, can not recite poems will also "curse." In fact, the writing of ancient poems is regular. Yan Yu's "Cang Shi Hua Bian" in Song Dynasty said: "Poetry has five methods: yue system, yue Gree, yue meteorology, yue interest and yue syllable." After reading more, you can gradually understand these laws. Change the original poem: replace one or two words according to the specific context. For example, expressing their deep friendship can be rewritten as: Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as deep as Wang Lun's love, not as deep as () and my love; In order to express the goalie's determination to keep the goal, it can be rewritten as "But make the Dragon City fly and don't teach Huma to cross the shady mountain" in Wang Changling's Out of the Fortress: But we keep the goal and don't teach the introductory bar of football. When we have a certain foundation, we can sing freely according to the situation. This kind of training will not only help us to learn and use ancient poetry, but also gradually cultivate our poetry creation ability.