Appreciation of Jiang Xue's Artistic Conception

Appreciation of Confucian Artistic Conception in Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue: As a popular poem, Jiang Xue has always been a topic of discussion. Some people say that "Jiang Xue" is a question poem. The question is whether the Hanjiang River can fish. Some people say that the old man catches snow instead of fish; It is also said that neither fishing nor snow fishing, nor fishing at all, is just Liu Zongyuan's subjective imagination; Some people say that there are still fish to catch in the Han River in the south. "Fishing alone on the Han River" represents the spirit of "knowing what you can't do", and you can fish vertically on the river. Is this Weng Zhi in the fish? You can fish for snow vertically on the river. Is this Weng Zhi in the snow? In Jiang Xue, there were no birds in the mountains and no footprints in the roads. A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. The Confucian background of this poem is Liu Zongyuan (773-819), and the word is thick. A writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, his philosophical works include Tian Shuo, Shi Tian and Feudalism. It is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He was originally from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). He was born in Chang 'an, Kyoto (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) in 773. He advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty with Han Yu and called it Liu Han. In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), he returned to the capital in the spring and served as the secretariat of Liuzhou (hence the name Liuzhou), with outstanding achievements. Xian Zongyuan died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the 14th year (819165438+1October 28th). The world is called Liuhe East or Liuliuzhou. He is very friendly. Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are his good friends. Liu Zongyuan's father Jin Ryu's personality, knowledge and articles have a direct impact on Liu Zongyuan. Serina Liu is proficient in Confucian classics. "The group of poems, the politics of books, the straightness, square and macro of the Book of Changes, and the punishment and persuasion in the Spring and Autumn Period are planted inside and written outside, hanging for a while." We can see that he believes in traditional Confucianism, but he is not a pedantic Confucian scholar. The poem "Poem" is a group of poems and books, and the "Yi" is straight, square and big. The spring and autumn brushwork fetters his poetic purport, just like Millennium Tuocha, which is full of fragrance. According to the first academic paper "When and Where was Jiang Xue Written" in Yongzhou Liu Xue, an academic publication edited by Yongzhou Liu Xue Society, the poem "Jiang Xue" was written by Liu Zongyuanhe when he lived in longxing temple in the second year (AD 807). Liu Zongyuan was 35 years old. The purpose of this poem is to revitalize the national luck and the Liu family in the Tang Dynasty. In the Northern Dynasties, Liu was a famous scholar-bureaucrat, and he was also called "Hedong Three Surnames" with Xue and Pei. Liu Zongyuan once proudly said: "The division of Liu nationality is higher in the north. It is filled with stone, which is also the weight of the world. "Liu Zongyuan's eight ancestors to six ancestors are court officials, and the fifth ancestor is the secretariat of four States. After entering the Tang Dynasty, the Liu family had a close relationship with the Li royal family. During the reign alone, 23 members of the Liu family lived in Guanshu at the same time. However, during the Yonghui period, the Liu family was repeatedly persecuted by Wu Zetian. By the time Liu Zongyuan was born, his family had declined, and Liu Zongyuan's great-grandfather and grandfather were only small officials like county magistrates. His father, Jin Ryu, worked as a doctor in the last years of Tianbao in Xuanzong, and continued to be an official after the Anshi Rebellion. His rank has been very low. Liu Zongyuan's mother, Lu, was born in the famous Lu family, but her family has declined. She has two daughters and one son, and Liu Zongyuan is the youngest. His two daughters, Cui Shi in Shandong and Shi Pei in Hedong, are both declining old aristocrats. Liu Zongyuan said with emotion that by his generation, Liu had "studied for nothing since May and June". The Anshi Rebellion caused another great impact on the Liu family. During the war, his father Jin Ryu sent his mother to the King of Wu for refuge, while Jin Ryu himself fled to Wudi with his family. In the south, it was once hard to make a living, and sometimes there was no salary. Liu Zongyuan's mother often starves herself to feed her children. Liu Zongyuan's family background has made him yearn for the "virtue" and "success" of his ancestors. He often narrates the status and glory of his ancestors in a proud tone, showing his strong desire to revive My Clan and his pursuit of fame. Explain Jiang Xue, exegetics as "learning", future-oriented learning, what future? The Tang Dynasty revived the future of Jiangshan and Wuzong. The most important thing to note is that' Jiang Xue' in this poem is embedded in the sentence' An old man is fishing in a cold river-snow', which involves the first poem "Day 6: Frost, hard ice." The second is "62: straight, square and big, there is no harm in not learning." On the sixth day, the yin is getting heavier and heavier, and it seems that winter is coming. Grasp the key, master the method, improve your ability, and don't rush for success, so that there will be no unfavorable situation for you. "Grasping the key straightness, mastering the methods and improving one's ability are all directly related to learning." No learning has no disadvantages "means that the winter of life is not suitable for blind action (learning is interpreted as" practice "). The most direct explanation of "62: straight, square and big, there is no harm in not learning" and the last sentence of this poem "learning when you are cold" The winter of life has come, and it's time to recharge yourself for the next spring. Understanding the difficult sentence "a boat with a leaf, a bamboo coat" is the difficulty to correctly understand the Confucian artistic conception of this poem, and the interpretation of "Kun Li" is the highest wall of this poem. Without this height, this poem has no solution. Li, check the law of the rise and fall of dynasties and families. "Poetry without sheep" is short for "He Li", which means "very good" and means to check or cross-examine. The preface to Mao Shi is interpreted as "decline", and the chapter of Guan Zi's class is "smashed into a nail (locked reed)"; Li, exegesis is "ritual", and the Confucian philosophical meaning of "ritual" is interpreted as "ritual becomes ritual". My exegetics has no birds in the mountains and no footprints in the thousands of paths. Gu Zhou "failed to establish" literature, only dying "cold will learn. "There are no birds flying in those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths. Consolidate Zhou's "declining" prose and carve "teacher's voice" alone. Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and thousands of paths have no footprints. We can examine the decline imperceptibly, or we can examine the prosperity in an article. A gentleman's virtue is not lonely, and the boat is not closed. Look at the cold river, in the middle of the red flag. There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths. Judging the decline can consolidate the foundation, and judging the prosperity and virtue. A gentleman who cares nothing can jump into a boat. During the voyage in the Spring and Autumn Period, Wang Qi was still young. Appreciate the writing technique of this article and implement the Confucian principle of two lines of light and shade: write landscapes with bright lines and express feelings with dark lines. People who are good at easy things don't say easy things, and they are all silent. As can be seen from this article, the author is an outstanding master of Confucianism in the mid-Tang Dynasty, with profound Confucian culture. Compared with Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription, his knowledge of Confucianism in this article is better. Fishing "Cold River Learning" will make him known to the world, and there will be no cold winter of human politics in the future, that is, a harmonious society of Confucianism. During 1979, Japanese Naoki Maeno and Chu Ishikawa once wrote a Dictionary of Appreciation of Ancient Famous Poems in China, and selected 250 poems. Jiang Xue is one of the famous poems. Two Japanese professors explained this poem as follows: the only moving thing in the picture is the heavy snow, and the old man on board is staring at the water. This is a severe, quiet and cold world. ... this cold snow-capped mountain and cold river, the old man on board is undoubtedly the embodiment of the author's loneliness and frustration, and the picture is simply a psychological sketch. In addition, a poem by Japanese Zen master Yi Xiuzong Chun, Qiu Jiang Fishing Alone, is introduced: In Qing Dynasty, You Wei was a fishing boat, and he stayed in the water with Bai Ou. Puhua half scattered, a pole of autumn rain. Although Japanese professors' explanations are the best, they still fail to reach the high level of explaining China's poems. As for contemporary mainland scholars, they have very low wisdom in doing serious things, but they are eager to do things they don't pretend to understand, just like contemporary' well-behaved children'. With the rise of China's economy and comprehensive national strength, China's unique oriental culture will usher in a great rejuvenation. Japan, Western Europe, especially the United States, will invest more manpower and material resources to study China culture. I don't know whether the revival of China culture was completed by the Japanese or the Americans. However, it is said that people who study for a doctorate in China literature in the United States or western countries are more popular at home. This is a very dangerous signal. The essence of one's own culture is mastered by foreigners and used to compete with one's own nation. And their own culture is either arrogant or self-deprecating, so the two ends of the mouse are at a loss. How do the "mixed hands" of contemporary literati sew a dress? This is the grassroots, and the research results of folk writers are not as good as those of professional professors in universities. I tell you, during the Spring and Autumn Period, a hundred schools of thought contended, and none of them was a royal scholar. Predators are greedy, but they can't make long-term plans! Every article I write is defending the right of China people to interpret their China culture! I consider myself a self-respecting China person with a strong national plot, and I am proud of my peace of mind. Appendix 1: There are no birds on the mountains thousands of miles away, and there is not even a trace of a person on the road within Wan Li. Only in a boat on the river, there was an old man in hemp fiber, fishing alone on the cold river. Appendix II: Excerpt from the first issue of Yongzhou Liu Xue. When and where was Jiang Xue written? Zhai Mangui, Jiang Xue, hundreds of mountains without birds, thousands of roads without footprints. A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. Jiang Xue written by Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty is a famous poem that has been circulated for thousands of years. It is not only selected by most anthologies of Tang poetry, but also painted by painters of all ages, trying to draw its artistic conception. But when and where it was written is still inconclusive, so that some great critics and capitalization scholars either ignore it or use it at will. Zeng Guofan, a famous historical novel in recent years, describes Zeng Guofan's winter hunting in Xiangjiang River when he was doing Yingyong and building the Xiang army in Hengzhou, and even compares Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue with the northern flavor, which makes people think deeply and find out the truth. Liu Zongyuan's poems have been handed down to this day, with 138 themes and 164 poems. Before his relegation, he wrote only three poems: A Trial View of Clear Clouds in the Province, Wei and Listening to Songs at Hong's Home. This indisputable fact shows that most of Liu's poems, including Liu Zongyuan's, were written in the south after Liu Zongyuan was demoted. Liu Zongyuan was exiled to the south, including Yongzhou and Liuzhou. Where did Jiang Xue write it? This needs to be further distinguished from the content. Jiang Xue, as a popular poem, has always been a topic of discussion. Take Taiwan Province Province as an example. Over the years, dozens of articles have been devoted to Jiang Xue. From February to April of 1975, China Daily published six related papers in succession. Jiang Xue, first written by Xu, is a question poem. The question is whether the Hanjiang River can fish. Therefore, some people say that the old man is catching snow, not fish; It is also said that neither fishing nor snow fishing, nor fishing at all, is just Liu Zongyuan's subjective imagination; Others say that there are still fish to catch in the Han River in the south. Wang Dingjun believes that "fishing alone in the cold river" represents the spirit of "knowing what not to do", and fishing can be carried out vertically on the river. Is this Weng Zhi in the fish? You can fish for snow vertically on the river. Is this Weng Zhi in the snow? This just ended a series of pen battles. On the surface, Jiang Xue can be read as a detached still life painting, even similar to the landscape poems of Tao Yuanming and Wang Wei. However, poetry is the embodiment of artistic conception. In fact, compared with Tao Yuanming's active retirement and Wang Wei's smooth career, Liu Zongyuan was suddenly thrown from the political peak because he failed to participate in the political innovation of Wang Group, and he had to apologize, and his mood was completely different. Therefore, it is not only a question poem about whether to fish, but also a Tibetan poem expressing the poet's mood, a contradictory poem of depression and struggle. When the first sentence of Jiang Xue's four poems was cut and confused, the anguish of "Qian Qian is absolutely lonely and independent" came out quietly and became more and more serious. The solo fishing in the Han River is also struggling to support, and the ideal of "Lian Yuanyuan" is also silently persisting. This kind of mentality is similar in the articles of the authors such as Fu on Punishment and Crime, Letter to Xu Jingzhao and Meng, which can only be seen in Yongzhou poems. As far as geographical environment is concerned, Yongzhou belongs to the Yangtze River basin north of Nanling Mountain, and Liuzhou belongs to the Pearl River basin south of Nanling Mountain. As Jiang Xue described, heavy snow can be seen everywhere in the Yangtze River basin, but not in the Pearl River basin. Moreover, the heavy snow in Yongzhou is indeed recorded in Liu Zongyuan's article. There is such a heavy snow in the book "Answer to Wei Zhongli's Theory of Teacher's Way": "I think it is exaggerated that the servant goes to Wen Yong Shu Nan, the rain is less, and the dog barks at sunrise. In 1967, the servant came to the south, and in the winter of two years, fortunately, the snow crossed the ridge and was captured by several States in South Vietnam. Dogs in several States are yellow, barking and walking tired, and they don't believe what they heard before until there is no snow. " It is reported that this letter was written in the eighth year of Yuanhe, "the first six or seven years" and "the servant came to the south for two years in winter" for Yuanhe two years. Liu Zongyuan had three residences during his exile in Yongzhou. Yuanhe lived in longxing temple from the first year to four years, in Xiting of Huokejigou from four to five years, and in Ran Xi (named Yuxi) on the west bank of Xiaoshui from five to ten years. The old town of Yongzhou is actually surrounded by xiaoshui from east to west, and the flat island meets Xiangshui at 23 miles downstream. Liu Zongyuan's residence in Yongzhou is miles inside and outside the old city, next to Xiaoshui. Longxing temple is next to Qianqiuling in the old city. "When you climb the temple, you can see the South Pole, and when you open the door, you can see the Hunan River" (Dongshan, longxing temple, Yongzhou). The full name of Liu Zongyuan's position is "Yongzhou Sima Commissioner's Foreign Affairs Association", but in fact he is an "idle member" who is not allowed to participate in politics and a political "prisoner" in exile. He didn't come to Yongzhou for half a year before his mother Lu died. At this time, Liu Zongyuan suffered another mental blow. In less than a year, the imperial court issued four imperial edicts, all of which stipulated that "Eight Sima" was not a case of leniency, and even shattered Liu Zongyuan's illusion that he hoped to reuse it as soon as possible. In addition, at the beginning of living in a different place, except for my cousin Lu Zun and my cousin Liu Zongzhi, there were almost no friends to associate with, and my sadness and loneliness could not help reaching Qian Qian. But it is precisely because of his profound understanding of the contradiction between great suffering and great sorrow and ideal that Liu Zongyuan's philosophical thought and literary creation have achieved fruitful results in Yongzhou for ten years. To sum up, Jiang Xue was written by Liu Zongyuan when he lived in Yongzhou for two years.