(Song Ling)
Entering poetry with classics is a common expression technique used by poets in past dynasties. All poems cite historical facts about people, places, events and things in the past, or quoted words and beautiful sentences to express a poet's wishes or feelings and increase the image, meaning and elegance of words and expressions, or the connotation and depth of artistic conception, which are called "allusions". Allusions are also a rhetorical device in poetry, which can avoid being clear at a glance and leave room for readers to associate and think between the lines. Indeed, clever and appropriate use of allusions can make poetry rich in meaning, concise, subtle, solemn and elegant, make expression more vivid, make poems more concise, make words near and far, subtle and euphemistic, thus improving the expressive force and appeal of works and reaching what ancient poets often say: touch the bottom! Next, I will mainly talk about four points. First, the main function of poetic allusions; Second, the main forms of allusions; Third, the method of using allusions; Fourth, we should pay attention to three issues when using allusions. First of all, specifically talk about the main functions of poetry allusions:
First, comment on history and discuss the present with reference to the past. For example:
Bo Qinzhun (Du Mu)
The smoke cage is stuffed with water and sand, and the night is near Qinhuai restaurant.
Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.
The title of the poem "backyard flower" is an allusion. Chen Houzhu's Flowers in the Garden of Yushu in the Southern Dynasties was called "the voice of national subjugation" by later generations. Poets lived in the late Tang Dynasty, when the national fortune declined. These rulers did not pay attention to state affairs, but gathered in restaurants to enjoy decadent music. How can they not let the poet worry that history will repeat itself? Therefore, the poet here borrows the historical story of Chen Houzhu's national subjugation due to debauchery to satirize the wasted time of the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty.
Second, lyrical expression, showing the heart. For example:
For example, Su Shi's "When will Feng Tang be issued?" There is an allusion in the book. According to the biography of Han Feng Tang, Shang Wei served as the satrap in Yunzhong during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and made meritorious service to Xiongnu, but he was convicted and dismissed for reporting six more heads when he made meritorious service. Later, Wendi adopted Feng Tang's suggestion and sent Feng Tang and Jeff to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei. Here, the poet is in Michigan, and his talent is not obtained, and his ambition is hard to pay. Shang Wei speaks for itself. I hope that one day, the imperial court can also send people like Feng Tang to express their lofty aspirations.
Yong Yu le Jing kou gu Bei ting nostalgia
Throughout the ages, heroes can't find Sun Zhongmou. Dancing in the pavilion, singing on the platform, wind and rain always blow away romantic feelings. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Looking back, how powerful he was when he led the Northern Expedition and recovered lost ground! However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there is a crow club drum under the beaver temple! Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat? This word uses four allusions, which are set in the canon. Let's start with Lian Po's last allusion. Lian Po is a famous Zhao. The prince of Zhao listens to slanders and doesn't trust him. After Qin attacked Zhao, the prince of Zhao wanted to use Lian Po to send someone to know his situation. Lian Po devoted himself to serving his country, ate a bucket of rice and ten catties of meat in front of the emissary, and mounted his horse, indicating that he could go into battle. However, when the emissary was bribed, he lied that he was cheap, but the prince of Zhao thought he was cheap and old, so he didn't have to. The word is summarized as "Who asked, can Lian Po still eat when he is old?" In this way, I can express my grief and indignation that I want to serve my country but I am not asked or even slandered by a villain.
It can also be seen that poets often criticize rulers because they can't say it directly, but using allusions is the best way.
Third, arouse association and innovate artistic conception. For example:
Broken array (Xin Qiji)
Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded. Eight hundred miles to divide the main fire, fifty strings to cross the Great Wall, and autumn soldiers on the battlefield. Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder. this
Fourth, it is concise and rich in connotation. For example:
Liu Yuxi's "The First Banquet in Yangzhou to Enjoy Lotte" says "Homesickness is empty, playing the flute. Returning home is like a rotten ke. Here, two allusions are used to express his feelings of returning after being demoted for more than 20 years, namely, playing flute with Xiang embroidery and meeting immortals with Wang Zhi. "Wendy Fu" implied dissatisfaction with the persecution of the old friend by the rulers at that time, and expressed deep nostalgia for the old friend. It is implied that he has been relegated by "rotten ke" for too long, and this time he came back as if it was a lifetime ago, and he felt completely different in personnel. This is no longer the past. Just fourteen words, expressing such complicated feelings. Isn't this the charm of allusion? At the same time, we can also see that the allusion also makes the poetry antithesis neat, harmonious in rhyme and rigorous in structure. While increasing the connotation of poetry, it also increases the neatness of its appearance.
Secondly, let's talk about the main forms of poetic allusions. From the formal point of view, the common and common ones are mainly quoting historical stories and borrowing previous poems.
Quoting historical stories is also called "using things". That is, to condense allusions into poems, so as to express one's feelings or allude to current events. For example, Li Qingzhao's summer quatrains: Life is a hero, and death is a ghost. Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East. Li Qingzhao is the greatest poetess in the history of China literature. Later generations spoke highly of her ci, saying that she "not only looked down on women, but overwhelmed men" (Ci Cong Hua). Relatively speaking, Li Qingzhao's poems are rarely handed down from generation to generation, but this poem sweeps away the graceful and lingering words, and its style is tragic and elegant, which is the most admirable! One or two sentences in the poem are impassioned and powerful, which has become a famous sentence through the ages. Immediately use three or four sentences: At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang competed for the world. Han Xin, commander-in-chief of Liu Bang, ambushed on all sides, while deus ex and Xiang Yu retreated to Wujiang River. Director of Wujiang Pavilion advised him to return to Jiangdong to rally and make a comeback. He will burn his bridges, just like when he plays with 800 people, but he can stick to it! But he was ashamed, saying that he was "ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong", but he refused to cross the river, so he drew his sword and sacrificed heroically, without shame, and won the deep respect and regret of the female poet! This is to condense the historical story into a poem, eulogize the lofty integrity of Xiang Yu in a highly generalized form, satirize the behavior of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty in times of peace, bear the burden of humiliation, and express the author's strong patriotic feelings.
Another example is Meng Haoran's "Prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm" in "Passing the Old Village", in which "chicken and millet" are allusions. The Analects of Confucius? Wei Ziyou's "Luz is the last chapter" said that after Luz went to Chu with Confucius, he met a father-in-law, Di Ai, and Luz respectfully asked the old man, so the old man stayed in Luz and "killed the chicken to get the millet". Later, "chicken millet" was used to refer to the meals served to guests. Meng Haoran used this allusion to write the warmth of the host and the gratitude and joy of the guests, which is very natural and appropriate.
Another form of allusion is to use the poems of predecessors, also called sentences. There are also two kinds. One is to directly quote the previous poems, the last two sentences of Chairman Mao's poem "The People's Liberation Army Occupy Nanjing": "If there is love in the sky, the sky will be old, and the world will be vicissitudes!" "If the sky is sentimental, the sky will be old" comes from Li He's Song of the Golden Bronze Immortal in Han Dynasty. The original poem: "Declining orchid sends guests to Xianyang Road, if the sky is sentimental and old. "Sun Zhu in Song Dynasty also used it in Autumn Hate in He Manzi:" If the sky is affectionate, it will be old and hard to shake it. "Ouyang Xiu's Fragmented Mulan is" sad and sad. "If the day is affectionate, it will be old. How about this idea? As thin as light silk and as thin as waves. "
Another way to use a sentence is to change a word or number on the basis of the original sentence, or just borrow some words.
One of Li Bai's famous sentences, "It's hard to walk", says: "I pulled out my dagger and peeped all around in vain!" In fact, it is from Bao Zhao's "It is difficult to do it", the sixth song of 18 songs "Can't eat the case, draw your sword and strike the column and sigh!" This is a typical example of the famous imitation poem being too original. In addition, Taibai is more famous for "the ancient people and saints have been forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized!" Or from Bao Zhao's "The Code is Difficult to Do", the sixth part "Since ancient times, sages have been poor and humble, not to mention our generation is lonely and straight!"
The above two cases can clearly see the height of poetry, the sensitivity of mind and the skillful means! Let's start with the most famous poem of perilla, "When will there be a bright moon?" . The first sentence "When will there be a bright moon? "Ask the sky for wine" is used in Taibai's poem "Ask the Moon for Drinking". "When is there a moon in the blue sky?" I'm going to stop for a cup of coffee today and ask. "Meaning;" Thousands of miles away * * * ChanJuan ",Xie Zhuang's Yuefu:" A beauty walks in the dust, thousands of miles away, and the moon is in the sky. "Here, the meaning is still used, the feelings have changed, and there is no original meaning of sadness and depression.
When using allusions, we should not only learn from what they refer to, but also innovate from what we have learned. More importantly, we should be able to make them look like our own, leaving no trace. This is the best place. The above two cases have reached such a state.
Last class, we learned the main functions and forms of ancient poetry allusions. Today, when we combine the form and content of allusions, the methods of allusions can be divided into several categories. Here only talk about four most common and important methods, namely, explicit use, implicit use, cultural use, positive use and reverse use.
The use of allusions is a matter of words. When combining words into sentences to express thoughts and feelings, sometimes words are not used directly, but the deeds or languages of the ancients recorded in ancient books are used to remind readers of these materials, so as to realize the thoughts and feelings that the author wants to express. This is the allusion. Allusions are often used in ancient books, but they are no longer used in modern prose. But poetry is a special style. In the old-style poems written by modern poets, this expression sometimes appears, because sometimes it is necessary to use allusions properly in the poems. The advantages of using allusions in this special style of poetry. 1, the language of poetry is the most refined, and the richest thoughts and feelings should be expressed with the least words. In ordinary words, saying less may not be able to express meaning; If you talk too much, you may be in trouble Besides, the number of words in poetry is limited, so I can't say more. If you use allusions, you can use well-known materials to make readers associate with them, which can save language and extract them. 2. Poetry "can't be as straightforward as prose", it should be implicit and "inexhaustible." Good allusions can do this. 3. The language of poetry should be concrete, vivid and less abstract. Allusions are mostly the deeds of the ancients, often specific people or things, which can avoid abstract concepts. Let's further talk about the benefits of allusion through some specific poems. It is advisable to chase after the poor bandits with the remaining courage, not to learn from the overlord. (Chairman Mao's "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupy Nanjing") The second sentence says: Never be satisfied with what you have achieved, stop before victory, talk about "friendship" with the enemy, let the dying enemy go and give him a chance to breathe, and one day make a comeback, so the revolution will fail. If you don't use allusions, it is difficult to say such a complicated content in seven words. What's more, it is more difficult to rhyme, to fight, to train, to be specific and not abstract. However, Chairman Mao used the story of the overlord of Chu, which immediately reminded readers of the era of hegemony between Chu and Han. At the Hongmen banquet, Xiang Yu let Liu Bang go easily in the name of "benevolence and righteousness". Later, Liu Bang saved his strength and made a comeback, which made Xiang Yu ruined and hated for generations. Compared with the present situation, we have to be completely convinced of Chairman Mao's views. In this way, only seven words are used, which is not only convincing in content, but also natural in language, balanced, antithetical and rhyming properly. This is the effect of allusions. There are many examples of good use of allusions in ancient poetry. For example, the first sentence of Hu Shijiang's "The Moon on the Yangtze River" mentioned that "China sank into the earth and asked who was Fan and who was Korean." Seeing that the Central Plains has fallen, there are no such figures as Fan Zhongyan and Han Qi. In those days, Fan Zhongyan and Han Qi once presided over Shaanxi border defense, but Xixia dared not harass them. At that time, the "Ballad on the Edge" said: "There was a Korean in the army, and the thieves in the western regions were scared to death; There is wind in the army, and the western thieves are frightened when they hear it. " Look at the story of "Three Outstanding Qin Dynasty, Three Outstanding Han Family", and tell people that three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty in Shaanxi was recovered in history: Sean, Xiao He and Han Xin. "Look at the 120 mountains and rivers, which are Wan Li, the military gate, and the Sixth Division will not send them." "Hundred Rivers" is also used as an allusion to the secretary of Emperor Gaozu. Guan Zhong described the situation in Guanzhong as dangerous. Two people could hold it, but they could defeat a hundred people. He also used allusions such as "Worship the General" and "Huaixian Pavilion" and the destruction of historical objects such as "Taiwan" and "Pavilion" to express his anger at the court's contempt and abuse of talents at that time. Lu You's Resentment: "When Wan Li sought to seal a Hou, the horse guarded Liangzhou" and "Seeking a Hou" used the allusion of Ban Chao's meritorious service in a foreign country to write his ambition to serve the motherland and clean up the old rivers and mountains. The above talk about the positive significance of using allusions in poetry. However, it must be pointed out that allusions should not be abused, but should be used appropriately. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of abuses: 1. You can use the author's own words, but you must use allusions, so that these allusions will not play a positive role, but make the poem obscure. Readers only see the neatness and beauty of these allusions in antithesis and color, but can't understand the author's thoughts and feelings well through these allusions. In ancient times, some poets read a lot of ancient books, memorized the materials by heart, and easily abused allusions, so it was easy to write freely and effortlessly, which was often inevitable for some famous artists. For example, Li Shangyin's poems are very popular with Chairman Mao and Mr. Lu Xun. Mr. Lu Xun said: "Jade gives birth to beautiful sentences with clear words. How dare you compare it?" . But at the same time, he pointed out that he "used too many allusions, which made me dissatisfied." For example, the famous poem "Jinse": I wonder why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval. Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring. Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun. A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it. It is not difficult to understand that the two couplets in the middle use allusions, but what are the facts and thoughts expressed through these allusions? There are different opinions in ancient and modern times Some people say it's a love poem, some people say it's a eulogy, some people say it's a eulogy and so on. Some people admire this poem, while others think it is useless. For example, Huang Ziyun said "Zhuang Meng", but he didn't know what it meant. The original meaning is not self-evident, ... I want to deceive future generations. "These attacks can't be overemphasized, but there are too many allusions in the poem Jinse, which makes readers irrelevant. This is the main reason for the disagreement. This is also a shortcoming of Li Shangyin's poems. People nowadays should never learn such allusions when writing poems. 2. Idioms are uncommon and make readers not understand or misunderstand. Some ancient poets have extensive knowledge of historical allusions. When he writes poems, he sometimes only considers the needs of rhythm and the beauty of words, but ignores the acceptance of readers. For example, there are many allusions in Su Shi's poems, some of which are relatively uncommon, such as: the frozen jade building is cold and millet, just shaking the silver sea and dazzling flowers. Among them, the words "Lou Yu" and "Hai Yin" are neat and no exaggeration. But what do these two words mean? If you don't annotate and turn to the dictionary, even if you have a wide range of knowledge and a certain degree of classical literature accomplishment, you may not understand it. It turns out that "Jade House" is shoulder bone and "Silver Sea" is eye. Because Taoist books and medical books, most people don't read these books. Such allusions are difficult for readers to understand. This should not be done now. Another example is Xin Qiji's ci, which is famous for worrying about the country and the people, enthusiasm, boldness and novelty, but making good use of allusions is his shortcoming. Especially sometimes, his words are not easy to understand. For example; "Eight hundred miles under my command, fifty strings beyond the Great Wall, and soldiers on the battlefield in autumn." In order to fight against the "fifty strings", it took "eight hundred Li". "800-mile-long barbecue" will be misunderstood as marching 800 miles to send barbecue to subordinates. It turns out that "800 Li" is the abbreviation of "800 Li barge" and is a valuable cow. See Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Kill the precious cow, roast its meat and give it to his subordinates. This allusion can't be found in general dictionaries such as Ci Yuan and Ci Hai. Such allusions should not be studied. Many modern readers don't know the usual allusions, because modern people know too little about ancient Chinese and don't know some allusions that should be familiar. It is not that poets and lyricists show off their erudition and deliberately scare people with eccentric classics. Modern people write ancient poems, not because allusions are used too much and worn out, but because there are no allusions at all and they don't know what allusions are. This is a great sorrow for us modern people. Overkill, I think, when we are writing poetry, we might as well use more allusions to restore our attention to the study of ancient Chinese, which is conducive to our inheritance of traditional culture.
On the application skills of allusions in poetry
-Analysis of allusions in Nian Nujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia and Gubeiting Jingkou Nostalgia.
Abstract: Su Shi and Xin Qiji are both representatives of the bold school. Their poems have similarities and differences. However, in teaching, it is found that students' concept of allusions is vague, so this paper analyzes the allusions in Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia and Yongjiu Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia.
Keywords: Su Shi Xin Qiji allusions
There are two schools of Song Ci: graceful and unconstrained. Graceful and tactfully lingering, implicit implication, such as "Yang Liuan breeze waning moon" in Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling" in this unit, and Li Qingzhao's slow voice "searching, lonely and sad". Bold, open and vigorous, representing poets Su Shi and Xin Qiji. There is a difference between graceful and unrestrained school, so the works of different poets of unrestrained school will also be different. Therefore, I appreciate Su Xin's words together when arranging teaching.
Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia
Su Shi
The river of no return, a romantic figure who has traveled through the ages. To the west of the old camp, people say it's the War of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.
Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.
Yong Yule. Jingkou Gu Bei Pavilion Nostalgia
Xin Qiji
It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country. The dance floor was still there, but the heroes had already gone with the passage of time. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Looking back, how powerful he was when he led the Northern Expedition and recovered lost ground!
However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who can ask, Lian Po is too old to eat?
Before the comparative reading, the teacher introduces the author and writing background, then lets the students read independently, analyzes the differences between them, and then discusses in groups. Finally, each group announced the results of the discussion for teachers and students to discuss. Because students have a certain understanding of the author's life experience and have a good grasp of the content of the text. So after the request is finished, the students quickly enter the state, meditate for a while, smile for a while, pick up the pen and write it in the notebook, and have a heated discussion in the group. In the last session, representatives of each group speak, and it is useful for one student to answer both. There are Gong Jin in Su Ci, Sun Zhongmou, Keanu, Liu Yilong and Lian Po in Xin Ci. As soon as the voice falls, students object, and it is difficult for them to reach a unified opinion. So I think it is necessary to reiterate "what is an allusion". Allusions are anecdotes, anecdotes and fables from classical books. Legendary figures or poetry articles with sources can be used as allusions. (1) increases the capacity of words and enriches the content of words. Because allusions already contain the ideas and images created by predecessors, it is often possible to express rich ideological content in words with a small amount of language, which plays a multiplier role. Standing in front of Chibi, Su Shi thought of the ancient battlefield "Chibi". How many heroes have used strategies here, thinking that they are nearly 500 years old, but they still failed to succeed. However, Zhou Yu was only in her thirties when she was in Battle of Red Cliffs. So he wrote, "Think back to Gong Jin. When Joe first got married, he was very brave. Feather fan nylon scarf, laughing and laughing, broken into smoke. " This is exactly what he felt. Instead of using allusions, we use simple words instead of historical stories.
Allusions are rarely used in Su Shi's poems. Different from Xin Qiji, there are a lot of allusions in Xin Qiji's ci. These allusions are used for a reason and cannot be used casually. After Xin Qiji returned to the south, not only did he not get the due reuse from the imperial court, but he was repeatedly suspected and attacked. Throughout his life, Xin Qiji, who was proud of his integrity and confident in his achievements, also ran among the rulers many times, taking restoring the Central Plains and saving the elders in the Central Plains as his own responsibility, starting from Xiaozong's Ten Treatises on Meiqin and then to the Prime Minister's Nine Treatises on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Chen Qing, analyzing the situation and urging him to restore it. However, what he got was the supercilious look of the rulers and dignitaries of the Southern Song Dynasty, and even framed and attacked: "I have only been confident all my life, and I have not been allowed by everyone for many years, and I am afraid that my words will not blurt out, and it never rains but pours." (Xin Qiji's "On Thieves and Miscellaneous Children") As Xu Wei's "Etymological Congtan" said: "Xin Jiaxuan was weaker than wind music at the end of the Song Dynasty and could not be used well. A cavity of loyalty, nowhere to vent ... So, his elegy is generous, and his depression is boring. " Exactly: "The courtyard is quiet, empty, memorable, speechless and extremely leisurely." I am afraid of Ada, a vagrant, and I know the news. "Therefore, the poet has to use all kinds of allusions to express his full ambition of saving the nation in his poems. Yu Bo's deep affection, or borrowing ancient metaphors to satirize the present, or denouncing the treacherous court official, or for his own use, all contain the author's love and hate, and the good and evil are clear. Allusions have become a necessary means for him to express his feelings implicitly and tactfully, and it is also a necessary means for the author to express his feelings in social occasions.
Because the author does have a profound literary accomplishment, and the allusions are used properly and exquisitely, which is not something that everyone can do. Xin Qiji is good at using allusions, which is inseparable from his own literary attainments. Deng Guangming, a close friend, said that he "lives in Shangrao and Qianshan in particular, and has a large collection of books. He can always" collect all kinds "and" gallop a hundred schools "when he enters the society, and he also has thousands of books in his chest." Lu You, a patriotic poet of his time, also said that he was "full of thousands of poems in Changgu and ten thousand volumes in Chajia". It seems that Xin Qiji is really learned. However, there are different opinions about how many allusions there are in Ode to Yule, Jingkou and Gubei Pavilion.
Xin Qiji stood in Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou, facing the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, rose from the ground and looked at the scenery, thinking of Sun Zhongmou, which once built its capital in Jingkou, and Emperor Wu of Song, who devoured Wan Li like a tiger. However, such heroes are hard to find nowadays. I think this is the same as Su Shi's usage of Zhou Yu, but I feel it. This is not a classic.
And wrote "Yuan Jia Cao Cao, sealing the wolf in Xu, winning the race to the north" and "Lian Po is old, can he still eat?" Is the real story. Borrowed "Liang Wudi's son sent a king to the Northern Expedition during the Yuanjia period, and wanted to follow the example of the famous Han Dynasty Huo Qubing in pursuing the Xiongnu Mountain, but he was defeated because of insufficient preparation. The generals of the Northern Wei Dynasty attacked 56 times and the soldiers were stationed in the Song Dynasty, and Song Wendi was afraid of him", warning Han Ya, the prime minister who tried to rush the Northern Expedition, not to repeat the mistakes of his predecessors. Xin Qiji was idle for twenty years, thinking that he had a chance to display his ambition this time, but his idea was not adopted. At this time, his ambition is hard to be rewarded. Although he is old, his desire for revenge for the national rejuvenation is still strong. So here he borrowed the allusion of "Lian Po" to show that he can still serve his country.
There are many allusions in ancient poetry, such as "become a butterfly" in Lu You's "Leaving Early Next to Enbukuji" and "Sunset, East Wind Hates Birds, Falling Flowers Still Like Falling from a Building" in Du Mu's "Golden Valley Garden". Cen Can's "Morning Audience at the Palace of Light" and the poem of Minister Jia Zhi: Flowers fall and stars fall, and the willow blows the flag; Only Wang, the calligrapher Jia Zhi, wrote poems in praise; His poems are too high and low to sing. Among them, "Song of Spring in Ming Dynasty" and "Yangchun" are allusions. ②
Note: ① An Introduction to Poetics was first published by the Commercial Press in July 2007.
(2) Three Hundred Songs of the Song Dynasty was edited by Shen Jiazhuang and published by Lijiang Publishing House in 2004.