Zhou Enlai
Born on March 5, 1898, with the courtesy name Xiangyu. Nickname: Dayuan. His previous names include Feifei, Wu Hao, Shaoshan, Guansheng, etc. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, born in Huai'an, Jiangsu.
In 1913, he entered Tianjin Nankai Middle School to study.
Study in Japan in 1917.
Returned to China in 1919. Participated in the May 4th Movement in Tianjin, organized the Awakening Society, and engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary activities.
From 1920 to 1924, he went to France and Germany for work-study studies, promoted Marxism among Chinese students and workers in Europe, and initiated the organization of the Chinese Youth Communist Party in Europe (later renamed the Chinese Socialist Party in Europe). Communist Youth League).
In 1922, he transferred to the Communist Party of China (introduced by Zhang Shenfu and others), served as secretary of the European General Branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League, and participated in the work of the European General Branch of the Communist Party of China. Leadership work played a major role in the early party-building and league-building work.
Returning to China from Paris in August 1924, he served as director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, director of the Political Department of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army, chairman of the Guangdong and Guangxi District Committee of the Communist Party of China, member of the Standing Committee and Minister of the Military Department, and presided over The Ye Ting Independent Regiment, a revolutionary armed force directly led by the party, was established.
In February and October 1925, he led the first and second Eastern Expeditions, making significant contributions to the consolidation and development of the Guangdong revolutionary base and the Northern Expedition.
In 1926, he taught military courses at the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute. In the winter of the same year, he went to Shanghai and served as Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and Secretary of the Military Commission of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In March 1927, he led the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers to victory; in August, he led the Nanchang Uprising, fired the first shot at the Kuomintang reactionaries, and made important contributions to the creation of the people's army. During the uprising, Served as Secretary of the Former Enemies Committee of the Communist Party of China. In the same month, at the "August 7th" meeting of the Communist Party of China, he was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
In 1928, he attended the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and made a report on military and organizational issues at the meeting. Later, he continued to work underground in Shanghai and served as the Organization Minister of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Secretary of the Central Military Commission. He published "Resolutely Eliminate All Non-Proletarian Consciousness in the Party" and "Instructions from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Front Committee of the Fourth Army of the Red Army" letter".
After entering the Central Revolutionary Base Area in December 1931, he served as Secretary of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China Soviet Area, General Political Commissar of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and Political Commissar of the First Front Army, and Vice Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.
In the spring of 1933, he and Zhu De led and commanded the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" war and achieved a major victory.
At the Zunyi Conference in January 1935, he firmly supported Mao Zedong’s correct line and played a very important role in establishing Mao Zedong’s leadership position in the entire party. After the Zunyi Conference, he still served as vice chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and a member of the Central Three-person Military Command Group.
In December 1936, he was appointed as the plenipotentiary representative of the Communist Party of China and went to Xi'an to negotiate with the arrested Chiang Kai-shek and peacefully resolved the Xi'an Incident. During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the Central Committee Representative and Secretary of the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, and as Deputy Minister of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the Kuomintang Government. He had been stationed in Wuhan and Chongqing, where the Kuomintang government was located, for a long time to carry out party work and united front work.
In August 1945, he went to Chongqing with Mao Zedong to negotiate and fight with the Kuomintang. After the signing of the "Double Ten Agreement", he led the Chinese Communist Party delegation to stay in Chongqing and Nanjing.
Returned to Yan'an from Nanjing in November 1946.
In March 1947, the Kuomintang army focused on attacking the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and moved to northern Shaanxi. In August of the same year, he was appointed Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission and Acting Chief of General Staff of the Central Military Commission.
In September 1948, he participated in the leadership and command of the three major battles of Liaoshen, Pingjin, and Huaihai. In November of the same year, he was appointed Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission and Chief of General Staff, in order to overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and seize power with arms. , founded a new socialist China, and established immortal achievements.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs (concurrently), Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, Vice Chairman of the first National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and Chairman of the second and third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the 5th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Political Bureau of the 6th to 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Secretariat of the 6th and 7th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 8th to 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Vice Chairman of the 8th and 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a representative of the 1st to 4th National People's Congress.
While responsible for handling the daily affairs of the party and the country, he worked with Mao Zedong to formulate the party's line, principles, and policies for socialist construction; he personally presided over the formulation of several five-year plans for the development of the national economy. and organizational implementation. In 1960, the policy of adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement was put forward, and a series of measures were adopted to successfully restore and develop the national economy. It also put forward the view that the vast majority of Chinese intellectuals are already intellectuals of the working people, and that science and technology play a key role in China's modernization drive, which is of great significance to socialist construction. In international affairs, he participated in the formulation and personally implemented major diplomatic decisions, proposed a series of specific principles and policies in diplomatic work, and creatively implemented the party's revolutionary diplomatic line. In 1954, the famous Five Principles of Peaceful Security were advocated.
In April 1955, he led the Chinese delegation to attend the First Asian-African Conference, which resulted in the adoption of the Ten Principles of the Bandung Conference based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Departure. In 1961, he attended the 22nd National Congress of the Soviet Union and launched a resolute struggle against the Khrushchev clique's actions to split the international communist movement. During the "Cultural Revolution", he took the overall situation into consideration and worked hard without complaint. In order to continue the normal work of the party and the country, minimize losses, and protect a large number of cadres inside and outside the party, he worked hard and fought against the conspiracy of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary clique. form of struggle. At the Fourth National People's Congress, on behalf of the party, he proposed a grand plan to fully realize the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology within this century and make our national economy at the forefront of the world. After falling ill in 1972, he continued to work.
Died in Beijing on January 8, 1976, at the age of 77.
The main works are compiled into "Selected Works of Zhou Enlai".
Mrs. Deng Yingchao.
Deng Yingchao
Born on February 4, 1904, in Guangshan, Henan Province, in Nanning, Guangxi. During the May 4th Movement in 1919, he, together with Zhou Enlai, Ma Jun and other leaders, led the Tianjin student patriotic movement and organized the Awakening Society. In the autumn of 1920, he worked as a teacher in the primary school attached to Beijing Normal University. Joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1924. In 1925, she transferred to the Communist Party of China and served as Minister of the Women's Department of the Tianjin Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China. In the same year, she married Zhou Enlai. Later, he served as member of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China and Minister of the Women's Department. In 1926, he attended the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang and was elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee. After 1927, she served as secretary of the Central Women's Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai. In May 1928, he attended the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Moscow. After returning to China, he served as secretary of the branch directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and engaged in secret party work in Shanghai. In May 1932, he went to the Central Soviet Area of ??Jiangxi Province and served as Secretary-General of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China, Secretary of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Executive Member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Soviet Communist Party, and Secretary of the General Branch of the Central Government. In 1934, he participated in the Long March despite being ill. After arriving in northern Shaanxi, he served as Secretary of the White Area Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chief of the Central Confidential Section, and Secretary of the Interior and Justice Department of the Northwest Office of the Chinese Soviet Government.
During the Anti-Japanese War, he worked on the Anti-Japanese National United Front in Wuhan and Chongqing. In December 1937, she successively served as a women's organizer of the Wuhan Office of the Eighth Route Army and a member of the Women's Committee of the Yangtze River Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In January 1938, he attended the first board meeting of the Chinese branch of the International Anti-Aggression Movement Conference and was elected as the executive director. In March, he participated in organizing the China Wartime Child Care Association and served as its executive director. In May, she participated in the drafting of the "Outline for Mobilizing Women to Participate in the Anti-Japanese War and Nation-building Work". In June, he served as political counselor of the Central Committee of the National Political Participation Association. In 1939, she served as member of the Central Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China and secretary of the Women's Committee. He returned to Yan'an in 1943 and studied at the First Department of the Central Party School. In 1945, she was elected as an alternate member of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and served as deputy secretary of the Central Women's Committee of the Communist Party of China and deputy director of the Preparatory Committee of the Women's Federation of the Liberated Areas.
During the War of Liberation, he attended the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference as a member of the Communist Party of China delegation and fought for peace and democracy in China in Chongqing, Nanjing, and Shanghai. In 1946, she was elected as a director of the International Democratic Women's Federation. In March 1947, he served as a member of the Rear Area Work Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Later, she served as acting secretary of the Central Women's Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Since 1949, she has been elected as the first to third vice-chairman of the All-China Women's Federation, deputy secretary of the Party group, honorary chairman of the fourth term, vice-chairman of the Chinese People's National Committee for the Protection of Children, and was elected in 1975 and 1978. Vice Chairman of the Fourth and Fifth National People's Congress Standing Committee, elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Eleventh and Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1977 and 1982, and Second Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China. In December 1979, he served as the leader of the Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs. In 1982, he was elected as the honorary president of the CPAFFC. In 1983, he was elected chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In 1984, he served as the honorary president of China Three S Research Association. In September 1985, the National Congress of the Communist Party of China agreed to no longer serve as a member of the Central Committee. In 1986, he was elected Honorary President of the CPAFFC. In 1987, he was elected as the honorary president of China Population Welfare Foundation. He is an alternate member of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Eighth to Twelfth Central Committee, a member of the Standing Committee of the First to Third National People's Congress, and a member of the Standing Committee of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Died in Beijing on July 11, 1992, at the age of 88.
▲The Huaian Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall is located on a peninsula in the middle of a lake surrounded by water on three sides in Taohuayin in the northeast of Chuzhou District. The entire building is solemn in shape, simple and elegant in form, with both traditional national style and modern architectural features. Each part of the building has a profound meaning, reflecting the designer's ingenuity and expressing the wish of hundreds of millions of people to commemorate Premier Zhou. . Comrade Deng Xiaoping inscribed the name of the "Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall". There is also an exhibition hall for Zhou Enlai's relics on the north side of the memorial hall. It was specially built to commemorate the great achievements of Comrade Zhou Enlai and is available for worship by the vast number of admirers of Mr. Zhou Enlai. I hope you all like it. I hope that Zhou Enlai, this monument of the times, can inspire China's young people to continue to forge ahead and study hard for the rise of China.
Pictures of Huaian Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall:
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▲Shaoxing Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall is located at No. 369 Labor Road in the urban area. It is based on Zhou Enlai’s ancestral home. , the former residence was built in a Ming and Qing style Taimen building. It faces south from the north and has a three-axis layout. It covers an area of ??3,800 square meters and a building area of ??2,100 square meters. It is now a cultural relic protection unit and a patriotism education base in Zhejiang Province.
Pictures of Shaoxing Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall:
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▲Tianjin Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall is located on the north side of Tianjin’s beautiful water park, covering an area of With an area of ??60,000 square meters and a construction area of ??7,150 square meters, it is a garden-style memorial hall for great men. The main body of the building is 21.3 meters high and has three floors. The layout is in the shape of an "I". The roof adopts the traditional double eaves form combined with modern craftsmanship. It has a stone roof, the outer eaves are inlaid with granite, and the colors are simple and elegant. The memorial square outside the museum, the giant granite statue "Mountain Standing", the Immortal Pavilion, the memorial forest, lawn flowers and the main building complement each other, creating an elegant environment and solemn atmosphere. The museum has rich collections and extremely valuable cultural relics. More than 8,000 pieces of cultural relics, documents, photos and other materials have been collected, including more than 100 treasures.
The exhibition halls of the memorial hall include a memorial hall, a life hall, a sentiments hall, a bamboo carving couplet hall and a calligraphy and painting art hall. In the front of the viewing hall stands the white marble statue of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, "Love in the Country", with the large tapestry "Broad Sea and Clouds" as the background. The relief walls on both sides are engraved with the May 4th Movement, Nanchang Uprising, the Red Army's Long March, the Xi'an Incident and the Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China, and the Motherland. Construction and other historic images.
Picture of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall in Tianjin:
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